木粉含量对木粉/酯化淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

以甘油为相容剂,利用木粉、马来酸酐酯化淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)进行熔融挤出制备了木粉/酯化淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料。利用XRD和SEM对复合材料的结晶度和断面形貌进行分析表征,以研究木粉含量对复合材料界面相容性的影响;并对复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能、流变性能以及吸水率进行表征。实验结果表明,随着木粉含量的增加,复合材料的界面相容性下降,拉伸强度和弯曲强度增大,断裂伸长率下降,吸水率逐渐增大;TGA测试结果表明木粉的加入使材料的热稳定性下降;流变测试表明木粉用量的增加,使复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复数粘度逐渐增加。     

不同改性剂对PP/木粉复合材料性能的影响

研究了苯甲酸(BA)、硬脂酸(SA)、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的改性效果。结果表明,木粉经改性剂处理后,表面极性减弱,与聚丙烯的界面张力降低,相容性提高;所有改性剂均可提高复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度以及熔体流动性能,但对弯曲强度影响不大。用TDI/SA复合处理木粉,复合材料的综合性能最好。扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,木粉经过处理后,木粉与聚丙烯间界面较模糊。     

干法酯化淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料——混合比例对性能的影响

采用干法马来酸酐酯化玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)进行熔融共混制备可降解复合材料。采用X射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电镜对复合材料的结晶结构、热分解特征和断面形貌进行了表征,从而研究酯化淀粉/PLA混合比例对相容性的影响。并对复合材料的力学性能、吸水率以及流变性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,随着酯化淀粉/PLA比例减小,复合材料中两相的相互依赖性增大,拉伸强度和弯曲强度增大,断裂伸长率和吸水率降低。流变性能测试结果表明,随着酯化淀粉比例增多,复合材料的储能模量增大,复数黏度降低。     

MAH/GMA共接枝聚乳酸对木粉/PLA复合材料性能的影响

采用熔融接枝法分别制备马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚乳酸和马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共接枝聚乳酸,并利用红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行结构表征。分别以三种接枝共聚物为相容剂,采用注塑成型制备了木粉/PLA复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的断面形貌进行微观分析,结果表明,加入不同接枝共聚物后木粉/PLA复合材料两相看不出明显相界面,界面相容性得到改善。对不同接枝共聚物制备的复合材料的力学性能、加工流动性能和动态流变性能测定的结果显示,加入MAH/GMA共接枝聚乳酸后的木粉/PLA复合材料和未添加相容剂的复合材料相比,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了9.54%和7.23%,复合体系的平衡扭矩和剪切热提高,储能模量及复数黏度均增大。     

木粉原位接枝共聚共混制备复合材料

在乳酸和木粉的非均相体系中,乳酸脱水生成的丙交酯,和桑树木粉中含有羟基的高聚物进行原位接枝共聚生成木粉接枝聚乳酸(Wood-g-PLA),体系中同时生成的均聚乳酸(PLA)与Wood-g-PLA原位共混得到Wood-g-PLA/PLA复合材料.用红外光谱对改性木粉与原料木粉进行对比分析,表明木粉表面被成功接枝改性.利用SEM、TG、万能力学试验机等仪器分析了改性木粉/聚乳酸复合材料的界面相容性以及热、力学性能,发现材料中Wood-g-PLA与聚乳酸融为一体无相分离现象.Wood-g-PLA含量对复合材料的拉伸强度有一定影响,但对弯曲强度影响不大.材料力学性能有待提高.     

POE-g-MA对纳米CaCO_3/聚乳酸复合材料热及流变性能影响

以纳米碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO_3)和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MA)为增容剂,利用熔融挤出热拉-骤冷工艺制备了一系列Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料。分别采用SEM、DSC、TG、毛细管流变仪(CR)和万能实验机研究了Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料的界面相容性、热性能、流变性能与力学性能。结果表明:与纯PLA相比,当Nano-CaCO_3含量达到15wt%,Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料团聚现象明显,其结晶度、最大热分解温度与拉伸强度分别下降1.9%、15.5℃与28.2%,弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别提高37.5%和29.3%,而相应添加4wt%POE-g-MA增容剂的Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料分散形态得到改善,其结晶度和拉伸强度分别下降4.2%和25.2%;最大热分解温度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别提高5.8℃、25.3%和174.4%;同时POE-g-MA增加了Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料的剪切黏度。     

纳米二氧化钛含量对秸秆/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

目的 为改善纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料增强相与基体相之间差的界面结合。方法 以秸秆粉(SP)为填料,纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)作为界面改性剂,构建SP/PLA复合材料相容界面,通过力学性能测试、吸水率测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析法(TGA)等表征手段,探究不同含量纳米二氧化钛对SP/PLA复合材料力学性能和界面相容性的影响。结果 研究发现,纳米二氧化钛的质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到42.78 MPa和91.25 MPa,其耐水性能、结晶度、耐热性能也达到最好。结论 纳米二氧化钛可有效提高秸秆/聚乳酸复合材料的性能。     

聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的力学及吸水性能研究

采用聚乳酸（PLA）及偶联剂马来酸酐（MAPP）对木粉进行改性,研究采用熔融共混方法制备的聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的力学性能、吸水性能、微观特性,以及宏观与微观之间的联系。研究结果表明力学性能方面,随着木粉含量从10g增加到25g,最大拉力增加了4倍,抗拉强度增加了3倍;偶联剂使用后,最大拉力和抗拉强度较未使用前最大增加值都超过了1倍。吸水性能方面,随着木材成分的增加,复合材料的吸水率同时增加,2和24h增重最多分别为2.85%和8.12%;偶联剂的使用降低了复合材料的吸水率,2和24h增重最多分别为0.72%和3.58%。最后使用电子扫描显微镜（SEM）观察发现同样木粉含量,添加偶联剂后界面更加光滑,PLA与木粉之间的粘合更紧密。     

MAH改性方法对淀粉/聚乳酸界面相容性的影响

以玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐(MAH)为改性剂,通过熔融挤出法制备淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了MAH分别作为增容剂和淀粉酯化剂这两种改性方法对淀粉/PLA相容性的影响,并对复合材料的熔融加工性能、力学性能和耐水性能进行了测试。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)结果都证明,MAH与原淀粉先进行干法酯化改性再与PLA复配制得酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料,比MAH作为增容剂直接添加制得原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料具有更好的界面相容性。受界面相容性提高程度的影响,酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料的熔融加工性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和耐水性能都优于原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料。     

木粉表面改性对聚氯乙烯/木粉复合材料性能的影响

选用不同偶联剂对木粉(WF)进行表面改性。对聚氯乙烯/木粉(PVC/WF)复合材料力学性能测试结果表明,异氰酸酯偶联剂更适合对WF的表面改性。WF经异氰酸酯偶联剂处理后疏水性得到明显改善。随WF填充量增加,PVC/WF复合材料冲击强度和线性热膨胀系数下降,吸水率和维卡软化温度上升,并且异氰酸酯偶联剂处理WF填充的PVC/WF复合材料(PVC/WF-1)各种性能都较未处理WF填充的PVC/WF复合材料(PVC/WF-2)好。填充30份时,PVC/WF-1复合材料的拉伸强度比纯PVC提高约10%,吸水率小于0.6%,维卡软化温度比PVC提高2.9℃,线性热膨胀系数从PVC的8.55×10-5℃-1降低到6.01×10-5℃-1。扫描电镜观察结果证明异氰酸酯偶联剂处理WF有利于提高WF与PVC基体的界面相互作用。     

硅烷偶联剂改性的木粉/P34HB复合包装材料的制备

目的研究硅烷偶联剂KH550含量对木粉/P34HB复合包装材料性能的影响。采用KH550改性木粉,提高与聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P34HB)的结合强度,改善复合材料的力学性能和界面相容性。方法以KH550为改性剂,木粉和P34HB为原料,利用共混热压工艺制备改性木粉/P34HB复合材料;通过对复合材料的形貌进行观察,以及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)和力学性能分析,研究KH550质量分数不同时对复合材料界面相容性、力学性能和热性能的影响。结果添加KH550后,复合材料的的界面相容性得到改善;FTIR分析表明,KH550已经成功接枝到木粉中;适量的KH550提高了复合材料的热稳定性;复合材料的储能模量增加;复合材料的力学性能也有所提高。此外还得到了最佳的KH550添加量,即质量分数为0.5%。结论 KH550不仅使得木粉与P34HB的相容性得到改善,同时也增强了复合包装材料的力学性能和热性能。     

A comparative study on the effects of Coriolus versicolor on properties of HDPE/wood flour/paper sludge composites

In this study, the effects of white-rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor) on the properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood flour/paper sludge composites were examined. In addition, the effectiveness of using coupling agent on the durability of decayed and undecayed WPCs was investigated. Two different types of sludge materials, namely paper making waste water sludge (PS) and ink-eliminated sludge (IES) were used. The mechanical properties, morphology, and water absorption of fabricated composites were investigated. At a similar wood flour loading, except for modulus of elasticity, the fungi treated composites showed lower mechanical properties (such as modulus of rupture and unnotched Izod impact strength), and higher water absorption compared to untreated composites. According to the results, addition of wood flour decreased the resistance of the composites to moisture and fungal environment. The exposure of the composites to a 4-cycle (2, 24, 48 and 72 h) water immersion caused serious damage to the interfacial adhesion between wood flour and polymer matrix due to contraction and swelling stresses developed during the cyclic exposure. The detrimental effect of fungal treatment on the water uptake of the composites could be explained by the degradation of lignin which made the cellulose content more accessible. Further, it makes chains of cavities that accelerate water absorption. However, the weight losses of all cases of treated composites were low (less than 2.5%), while PS filled composites were more susceptible to white-rot fungi. The addition of coupling agent during the compounding of wood flour and HDPE prevented the colonization and proliferation of fungus on the surface of the composites, and had an advantageous effect on the water uptake and mechanical properties of both treated and untreated composites.     

PLA/wood biocomposites: Improving composite strength by chemical treatment of the fibers

A resol type phenolic resin was prepared for the impregnation of wood particles used for the reinforcement of PLA. A preliminary study showed that the resin penetrates wood with rates depending on the concentration of the solution and on temperature. Treatment with a solution of 1 wt% resin resulted in a considerable increase of composite strength and decrease of water absorption. Composite strength improved as a result of increased inherent strength of the wood, but interfacial adhesion might be modified as well. When wood was treated with resin solutions of larger concentrations, the strength of the composites decreased, first slightly, then drastically to a very small value. A larger amount of resin results in a thick coating on wood with inferior mechanical properties. At large resin contents the mechanism of deformation changes; the thick coating breaks very easily leading to the catastrophic failure of the composites at very small loads.     

Influence of refiner fibre quality and fibre modification treatments on properties of injection-moulded beech wood–plastic composites

Thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) fibres made from beech wood were produced using increasing refiner gap widths and thus with increasing fibre length and coarseness. Fibres (60% by weight) were compounded in an internal kneading mixer using high-density polyethylene as the matrix and injection-moulded. Fibre lengths and length/width ratios were determined (a) before processing and (b) after injection-moulding and Soxhlet extraction using the optical FibreShape system. An increase in fibre length resulted in a decrease in water absorption and an improvement in flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the wood–plastic composites (WPC). However, flexural strength of the WPC with TMP fibres was not improved compared to WPC with wood flour when maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was used as a coupling agent. After injection-moulding, differences in length of the various TMP fibre types were minor. Fibre geometry before processing strongly influences the water absorption and flexural properties of the composite. Fibre treatment with emulsified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (EMDI) resin before compounding was shown to be equally efficient in reducing water absorption and improving flexural strength as the addition of MAPE during the compounding step.     

含硫偶联剂对木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料力学性能及耐热性能的影响

以再生高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、沙柳木粉和废轮胎胶粉为原材料,含硫偶联剂Si69为界面相容剂,采用模压法制备木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料。考察Si69对木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料力学性能及耐热性能的影响,并采用FTIR和SEM分析Si69改性前后废轮胎胶粉的表面特性及木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料的微观断面形貌。结果表明:Si69与废轮胎胶粉发生了化学反应。当Si69添加量为5wt%时,木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料的界面结合较佳,力学性能及耐热性能较优,其中弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度较未添加Si69的木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料分别提高了13.85%、7.24%和6.63%;维卡软化温度和热变形温度较未添加Si69的木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料分别提高了6.95℃和8.70℃,Si69可在一定程度上提高木粉/橡胶-塑料三元材料的耐热性能。Si69添加量为7wt%时,木粉/橡胶-塑料三元复合材料的缺口冲击强度可达到3.99 k·Jm-2。      

Effects of hemicellulose extraction on properties of wood flour and wood-plastic composites

Hygroscopicity, low durability, and low thermal resistance are disadvantages of lignocellulosic materials that also plague wood-plastic composites (WPCs). Hemicellulose is the most hydrophilic wood polymer and is currently considered as a sugar source for the bioethanol industry. The objective of this research is to extract hemicellulose from woody materials and enhance the properties of WPC by diminishing the hydrophilic character of wood. Hemicellulose of Southern Yellow Pine was extracted by hot-water at three different temperatures: 140, 155, and 170 °C. Wood flour was compounded with polypropylene in an extruder, both with and without a coupling agent. Injection molding was used to make tensile test samples. The thermal stability of wood flour was found to have increased after extraction. Extraction of hemicellulose improved the tensile strength and water resistance of composites, which may indicate a decrease in the hygroscopicity of wood flour, better compatibility, and interfacial bonding of the filler and matrix.     

PLA/木质纤维复合材料的制备及性能

目的研究PLA/木质纤维复合材料的制备工艺过程,分析PLA纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,确定最优配比,以获得一种可应用于包装中的新型环保复合材料。方法将不同质量配比的PLA纤维及木质纤维按照造纸的工艺进行抄造,获得湿纸胚后再进行热压处理,获得需要的复合材料。对PLA纤维在复合材料中的分散性以及复合材料的力学性能进行表征与测试。结果分散性试验表明,PLA纤维能够与木质纤维均匀混合;当PLA纤维的质量分数为10%时,复合材料的性能较好。力学测试表明,复合材料的拉伸强度最大可达到42.79 MPa,耐折次数可达到1015次。结论 PLA/木质纤维复合材料可采用造纸的方法进行制备,且力学性能较好,能在包装领域内有较为广泛的应用,同时也为可降解纤维的研究应用提供了一种新思路。