原位聚合法制备连续玻璃纤维增强PCBT复合材料及其性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。考察了聚合反应中催化剂用量对PCBT结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。当催化剂用量为0.5%(质量分数)时, PCBT的结晶度为53%, GF/PCBT的力学性能达到最佳, 拉伸强度为522 MPa, 拉伸模量为27 GPa, 弯曲强度为481 MPa, 弯曲模量为24.8 GPa, 层间剪切强度(ILSS)为43 MPa。SEM观察表明, 发现催化剂用量为0.5%时, 树脂与纤维的结合性较好。进一步研究了淬火和退火后处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。发现复合材料退火处理后具有较好的力学性能, 其中拉伸强度为545 MPa, 弯曲强度为495 MPa。     

原位聚合制备玻璃纤维/PCBT复合材料及其性能研究

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。研究了聚合温度及催化剂用量对PCBT粘均分子量、结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚合温度的升高,PCBT的粘均分子量及结晶度逐渐增大并趋于稳定,GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能也不断增大;当聚合温度为210℃时,PCBT的粘均分子量为7.16×104 g/mol,结晶度为43.9%,GF/PCBT复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别为(271.44±3.40)和(257.70±3.73)MPa。随着催化剂用量的增大,PCBT的粘均分子量和结晶度逐渐增大并趋于稳定,复合材料力学性能不断增强;当催化剂用量为0.4%(质量分数)时,PCBT的粘均分子量为7.13×104 g/mol,结晶度为44.4%,GF/PCBT复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别为(265.10±3.31)和(260.30±2.03)MPa。     

GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头失效分析的实验研究与数值模拟

为了解决高黏度热塑性树脂难以制备高强度、大尺寸纤维增强热塑性复合材料构件的问题,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺与热压工艺相结合的方法,以环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)在催化剂作用下聚合成的聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)为基体,制备了纤维体积分数达70%的连续玻璃纤维(GF)/PCBT复合材料层合板及熔融连接件,并测得其力学参数。采用数值模拟方法对连接界面层数分别为1、2、3层的A、B、C型3种不同方案的GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头的承载能力和失效模式进行了预测。结果表明:不同的结构设计方案对GF/PCBT复合材料接头性能的影响较大,当连接长度在一定范围内时,接头区域主要发生界面分层失效,接头处复合材料的翘曲为界面裂纹加速扩展的主要因素,C型连接方式的接头结构承载能力相比于A型连接方式有明显提高;增加C型接头连接长度,试件承载能力提高,直至接头处界面分层失效和纤维、基体失效同时发生;继续增加连接长度,纤维与基体失效将成为接头区域的主要失效模式,此时承载能力无明显提升。     

玻璃纤维表面纳米SiO_2改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响

为研究玻璃纤维(GF)表面纳米SiO2改性对GF增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,利用真空辅助模压(VAMP)工艺制备了不同含量的纳米SiO2表面改性GF增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。分析了GF表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了纤维表面改性对GF/PCBT复合材料抗湿热老化性能的影响规律。纤维拔出试验结果表明:经表面处理的GF/PCBT复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了1.16倍;采用含量为0.5wt%和2wt%(与树脂质量比)的纳米SiO2处理GF表面后,复合材料的三点弯曲强度分别提高1.5倍和1.67倍,弯曲模量分别提高1.03倍和1.17倍。SEM结果显示:当纳米SiO2用量为2wt%时,破坏后的纤维表面被树脂完全覆盖,树脂与纤维粘结良好。在湿热条件下,由于纳米SiO2颗粒的存在,水分子很难通过界面相扩散到改性后的材料内部,其抗湿热性能提高。     

多轴向玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的破坏特性和损伤机制

通过对玻纤增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂(GF/EVE)和玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂(GF/UP)复合材料的多轴向铺层设计试件进行低速冲击、弯曲和剪切破坏性力学试验,分析了不同铺层方式的GF/EVE和GF/UP复合材料冲击、弯曲和剪切载荷作用下产生的损伤及失效模式。结果表明:在铺层设计与工艺相同的情况下,CF/EVE的弯曲强度、冲击韧性均优于CF/UP;[0,90]6试件冲击能量吸收性能优于其他五种铺层方式;铺设角设计、树脂基体类型、铺层厚度对层合板剪切力学性能的影响较小。并基于SEM与超声C扫描成像检测(C-SAM)对复合材料的微观界面脱粘机制及损伤演化行为进行阐释。     

建筑装饰用GF/EHP材料真空辅助成型制备及其力学性能分析

为了改善玻纤/乙基己基酯(GF/EHP)材料的层间性能,分别添加氯化聚氯乙稀(PAM)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚酰胺(PA66)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)四种增强织布类型,来改善VARI工艺制备的玻纤/乙基己基酯(GF/EHP)材料层间性能,并通过实验测试的手段研究了其拉伸、弯曲和层间断裂韧性。研究结果表明:加入织布后,GF/EHP材料获得了更大厚度,密度发生降低,树脂含量出现提升,制得的GF/EHP材料都都基本获得了更高孔隙率。添加织布后,获得了更大的厚度,纤维体积比例发生了降低,更易发生开裂并出现纤维从基体中脱粘情况。将织布加入层间后,弯曲强度发生略微减小。对添加EVA后GF/EHP材料断裂测试,将纤维抽出时并未发生脆性断裂,改善了纤维和基体之间的结合性能,显著提升了GF/EHP材料的抗裂纹扩展能力。     

玻璃纤维/环氧乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的层间增韧及其低温下低速冲击性能

采用真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备了四种无纺布(聚酰胺(PA)、聚氨酯弹性体橡胶(TPU)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、共聚酯(PEs))层间改性的玻璃纤维/环氧乙烯基酯树脂(GF/EVER)复合材料层合板.在温度为20℃下进行落锤冲击实验,对比分析了不同层间改性的GF/EVER复合材料层合板的低速冲击响应特性和...     

纤维/镁合金混杂层合板低速冲击响应及损伤模拟

为了研究新型纤维增强镁合金混杂层合板在低速冲击下的力学响应,分别对由玻璃纤维、碳纤维和二者混杂增强的AZ31B镁合金层合板在不同冲击能量下的落锤低速冲击试验进行了数值模拟。基于镁合金各向异性塑性本构和指数关系界面脱粘内聚力本构模型,同时纤维复合材料层采用三维Hashin失效准则且引入刚度折减,编写了复合材料层板损伤的VUMAT子程序,并将该子程序嵌入ABAQUS/Explicit中实现对层合板冲击过程的模拟。研究了该纤维层合板在不同冲击能量下的动态冲击响应以及脱粘与损伤演化规律,分析了冲击载荷、形变和能量吸收随时间的变化规律。模拟结果表明:在冲击能较小时,首先在冲击背面出现基体开裂,随着冲击能的增加,层合板受冲击面出现由无明显损伤到出现基体开裂和纤维断裂的现象;与单一碳纤维增强的镁合金层合板复合材料相比,单一玻璃纤维增强的镁合金层合板在冲击载荷作用时能够吸收更多的能量,碳纤维层内混杂合适的玻璃纤维铺层能够提高碳纤维增强镁合金层合板的抗冲击性能。     

基于超弹性特性的SMA复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤数值模拟方法

基于ABAQUS有限元软件结合VC++6.0程序设计,建立了含不同铺层角度、不同排列密度形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维的复合材料层合板有限元模型。将基于Brinson本构模型的SMA分段线性超弹性模型以及判断复合材料层内失效的三维HASHIN失效准则编译至ABAQUS/VUMAT子程序,使用界面单元模拟复合材料层间区域,建立了SMA复合材料层合板的低速冲击损伤及冲击后剩余强度数值模拟方法。对比了不含SMA纤维层合板、含SMA纤维层合板、含普通金属丝层合板在不同冲击能量下的损伤响应。进一步分析了SMA纤维体积分数和直径变化对冲击响应的影响。冲击后剩余压缩强度模拟结果表明:冲击能量为16J时,含体积分数25%、直径0.5mm的SMA纤维层合板的冲击后剩余压缩强度相比不含SMA纤维层合板提高5.78%、相比含普通金属丝层合板提高4.69%。随着SMA纤维体积分数提高,层合板的抗低速冲击能力增强,当体积分数一定时,较细的(0.3mm)SMA纤维比粗的(0.6mm)SMA纤维对层合板的抗低速冲击能力增强效果更好。     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料低速冲击研究进展

综述了连续纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的低速冲击响应研究进展。讨论了测试方法及相关影响参数,例如冲头的形状、冲击速率对复合材料冲击的影响;介绍了冲击损伤的类型,进一步描述了层压板结构参数(如层合板厚度,铺层和缝纫)、复合材料组分材料性能(如纤维,树脂和纤维/树脂界面)以及预应力、环境条件等的影响;提出了纤维增强聚合物基复合材料冲击响应研究今后的发展方向。     

The effect of hybridization on the ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composite armors

In the present study, effect of hybridization on the hybrid composite armors under ballistic impact is investigated using hydrocode simulations. The hybrid composite armor is constructed using various combinations and stacking sequences of fiber reinforced composites having woven form of fibers specifically high specific-modulus/high specific-strength Kevlar fiber (KF), tough, high strain-to-failure fiber Glass fiber (GF) and high strength/high stiffness Carbon fiber (CF). Different combinations of composite armors studied are KF layer in GF laminate, GF layer in KF laminate, KF layer in CF laminate and CF layer in KF laminate at various positions of hybridized layers for a fixed thickness of the target. In this article the results obtained from the finite element model are validated for the case of KF layer in a GF laminate with experimental predictions reported in the literature in terms of energy absorption and residual velocity and good agreement is observed. Further, the effect of stacking sequence, projectile geometry and target thickness on the ballistic limit velocity, energy absorbed by the target and the residual velocity are presented for different combinations of hybrid composite armors. The simulations show that, at a fixed thickness of the hybrid composite armor, stacking sequence of hybridized layer shows significant effect on the ballistic performance. The results also indicate energy absorption and ballistic limit velocity are sensitive to projectile geometry. Specifically, it is found that arranging the KF layer at the rear side, GF layer in the exterior and CF layer on the front side offers good ballistic impact resistance. The hybrid composite armor consisting of a CF layer in KF laminate acquires maximum impact resistance and is the best choice for the design compared to that of other combinations studied.     

Effect of fiber surface modification on water absorption and hydrothermal aging behaviors of GF/pCBT composites

Water absorption and aging behaviors of fiber reinforced polymerized poly (cyclic butylene terephthalate) (GF/pCBT) composites are investigated. We coated nano-silica on glass fiber surface by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Subsequently, we immersed pCBT composites reinforced with nano-treated/untreated fibers in 25 °C and 60 °C distilled water until their saturated moisture. We also exposed some specimens in various hydrothermal aging environments. We tested the mechanical performance of these test specimens and found that the mechanical performance of both pCBT cast and GF/pCBT composites reduces obviously after water absorption and hydrothermal aging. However, nano-silica modified fiber reinforced composites have higher remaining strength than GF/pCBT. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the microscopic phase and nanoparticle modified mechanism, and better interface characteristic between fibers and matrix is observed.     

Effect of damage on the interlaminar shear properties of hybrid composite laminates at cryogenic temperatures

This paper presents the experimental and numerical characterization of the interlaminar shear failure of hybrid composite laminates at cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic short beam shear tests were performed on hybrid laminates consisting of woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and polyimide films to evaluate their interlaminar shear strength. Microscopic observations of damage accumulation and failure mechanisms were also made on failed specimens. In addition, a progressive damage analysis was conducted to predict the initiation and growth of damage in the specimens, and the interlaminar shear strength was determined from the maximum shear stress in the failure region. The damage effect on the interlaminar shear properties of hybrid laminates at cryogenic temperatures was examined based on the experimental and numerical results.     

VARI工艺成型纤维增强树脂复合材料层合板厚度和纤维体积分数的影响因素

分析了影响真空辅助成型技术（VARI）工艺成型复合材料的纤维体积分数和厚度均匀性的关键因素,即VARI成型工艺的树脂流动控制形式、纤维预制体状态、织物状态、树脂黏度,通过试验分析了各因素对VARI成型复合材料厚度和纤维体积分数的影响。试验结果表明,采用HFVI（high fiber-volume vacuum infusion）工艺、BA9914树脂及真空处理后的U3160单向机织物成型的纤维增强树脂复合材料层合板,其纤维体积分数和厚度均匀性能够接近预浸料/热压罐成型的复合材料制件的水平。     

层间混杂复合材料板的拉伸强度预报

采用更为合理的分散度系数表达式改进了玻/碳层间混杂复合材料板断裂应变混杂效应系数公式,结合该混杂效应系数公式与复合材料强度混合定律,提出了层间混杂复合材料单向板的拉伸强度预报方法。将该混杂效应系数公式引入复合材料多向板渐近损伤有限元分析模型,修正了低延伸率纤维单层板的拉伸强度值,在此基础上提出了层间混杂复合材料多向板拉伸强度预报方法,并讨论了刚度退化方案。结果表明,模型预报值与实验均吻合较好,尤其考虑混杂效应的预报值与实验情况更加接近;基体退化系数大的刚度退化方案与实验更为吻合。     

Tension–tension fatigue of hybrid composite rods

The tension–tension fatigue behavior was investigated for a hybrid composite rod comprised of a unidirectional carbon fiber core and a glass fiber shell. Fatigue tests were performed at three R-ratios and four maximum applied stress levels (MAS) while recording the secant modulus at each cycle, and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were employed to monitor the activation of fatigue mechanisms. Fatigue failure occurred when the composite rod was no longer able to support the applied cyclic load. For a MAS level of 70% of the ultimate tensile stress (UTS), composite rods tested at higher R-ratios showed AE activity through a larger percentage of fatigue life, but exhibited a greater resistance to fatigue failure, whereas samples cycled at lower R-ratios displayed AE activity only near the end of fatigue life, and showed a lower resistance to fatigue failure. The hybrid composite showed modes of progressive fatigue damage at high R-ratios and low strain amplitudes in the form of longitudinal splitting of the GF shell. In contrast, failure of the CF core was catastrophic and non-progressive. The fatigue resistance and damage mechanisms of the composite rod were dependent on the MAS level and R-ratio. Fatigue cracks initiated because of fretting between the GF shell and grip surface, which led to the observed longitudinal splitting of the GF shell. Fatigue damage occurred along the GF/CF interface where non-uniform strains developed because of the clamping force of the grip on the GF surface. At an R-ratio of 0.85, a fatigue stress of 70% UTS caused catastrophic fatigue failure, while at lower stresses, composite rods did not fail and withstood cyclic loads up to 1 million cycles. The research conducted is the first to investigate the degradation in fatigue performance arising from grip/composite rod interactions and suggests that the results from the study provide new information for composite materials in industries that utilize unidirectional composites in cylindrical form.