低盐干腌火腿的加工

干腌火腿风味独特，深受消费者青睐，但传统干腌火腿含盐量高，对其消费量和食用者健康均有不利影响。从火腿的成熟机理出发，综述了低盐干腌火腿的研究近况，指出低盐干腌火腿加工应注意的问题。     

优良乳酸菌的筛选及其对干腌肉块品质的影响

为筛选出适合低盐肉制品发酵的优良乳酸菌,文章以低盐火腿为原料,筛选生长能力和产酸能力良好的乳酸菌,并将其接种到低盐干腌肉块中,探究乳酸菌对干腌肉块品质的影响。试验结果表明：从低盐干腌火腿中筛选出2株适合发酵肉制品加工的乳酸菌,初步推测R1为短乳杆菌,R2为绿色乳杆菌;根据性能测定,R1更适合发酵肉制品的生长环境。接种此菌种的干腌肉块发酵周期短、风味物质丰富、肉块质量安全可靠。该研究结果可为开发健康、安全的低盐肉品发酵剂提供理论依据。     

涂膜制作低盐干腌火腿的研究

传统干腌火腿的盐分含量为9％～12％，生产周期长达6个月以上。本项研究，将新鲜猪腿肉去皮、去骨和切块后进行干腌，腌肉块经防腐涂膜处理后进行干燥和发酵，可以制成块状低盐干腌火腿，盐分含量降低到5％～7％，生产周期缩短到1个月，与传统工艺制作的干腌火腿的风味和口感相同。     

西班牙研究高压处理对serrano干腌火腿挥发性风味物质的影响北大核心

Serrano干腌火腿是西班牙的传统火腿,深受消费者的喜爱。Serrano干腌火腿的香气包括醛类、醇类、酮类、酸类和烷烃等多种物质,这些物质的形成与火腿成熟期间的肌内脂肪氧化降解、蛋白质酶解等息息相关。肌内脂肪是干腌火腿风味形成的基础物质,同时,火腿加工过程中的盐含量直接影响到产品的最终品质,盐能够降低产品的水分活度、增加蛋白的溶解、影响蛋白水解、脂肪分解和脂肪氧化,并直接影响到产品的风味。     

基于CiteSpace的干腌火腿研究进展

目的：为全面了解“干腌火腿”研究现状，基于文献分析软件CiteSpace对干腌火腿的现状进行研究。方法：在Web of Science核心数据库中以“干腌火腿”为关键词检索2001—2020年的文献。利用CiteSpace软件从发表年份、国家、作者、关键词等方面对文献进行系统性分析。结果：Web of Science核心合集数据库中共检索到968篇可供分析的干腌火腿文献，西班牙贡献了一半以上的发文量。结论：干腌火腿的相关研究热点主要在肌肉、挥发性化合物、肉制品质量、蛋白质水解等方向，近几年的研究重点主要集中在盐含量，宏观方面则主要涉及到干腌火腿的风味、质地、微生物等。     

云南干腌火腿加工工艺及其品质影响因素研究进展

云南干腌火腿是一种重要的传统发酵肉制品,以猪后腿为原料,经腌制、风干、发酵等加工而成。云南干腌火腿主要有宣威火腿、撒坝火腿、三川火腿、老窝火腿、诺邓火腿及鹤庆火腿等,本文对云南干腌火腿加工工艺及干腌火腿品质影响因素进行综述,从原料肉、腌制条件、色泽及风味等几方面做了详细讨论,旨在为干腌火腿品质改进提供一定的理论参考。     

干腌火腿中的螨

干腌火腿中的螨主要是腐食酪螨和长食酪螨。改变制作过程中的温度和相对湿度对控制干腌火腿中的螨的作用不大,也会降低干腌火腿的品质。几种天然单萜类化合物对于控制干腌火腿中的螨具有很好的应用前景。     

我国干腌火腿生产技术现状及展望

干腌火腿属于自然发酵肉制品,制作原料都是采用猪后腿,其生产过程均在自然条件下进行。火腿制作需要多道工序,制作周期较长,根据产地和品质的不同,生产周期一般为1～2年左右。我国干腌火腿的制作已有千年历史,干腌火腿品种繁多、生产方法也千差万别。通过调查、研究干腌火腿传统生产技术和现代加工方法的特点,对比分析了我国干腌火腿生产过程中存在的问题,并展望了干腌火腿生产技术的发展趋势。     

西班牙科学家运用超声技术和X射线对生火腿中的脂肪含量进行无损检测

<正>总脂肪含量影响到烹制和干腌火腿的加工过程,是生火腿的重要参数,烹制火腿中肌内脂肪影响到蛋白的黏结强度和消费者的接受度;干腌火腿时,脂肪含量严重影响到盐渍过程中对盐的吸收和干制过程中的失重。西班牙科学家运用超声和X射线技术对生火腿中脂肪含量进行分析研究,采用78个生火腿进行超声速率和X射线吸的分析。结果表明:在2℃条件下,超     

高品质干腌火腿关键加工技术

综述了传统干腌火腿的加工工艺特征,分析了传统干腌火腿加工的原理及关键加工工艺.提出了生产高品质干腌火腿的现代化加工方法.     

金华火腿特征风味物质研究进展

金华火腿是我国传统的干腌火腿,以其特殊的风味而著称。通过对金华火腿及其它干腌火腿主要风味物质、形成机理、提取及鉴定方法等研究现状的综述,表明对金华火腿特征风味物质的深入研究有利于了解风味物质形成规律,为金华火腿加工工艺控制及火腿调味料开发应用提供理论基础。     

提高低盐固态发酵法酱油风味的实用技术(上)

对目前在低盐固态发酵酱油生产中提高风味质量新技术进行祥细论述，分析了新技术应用推广中存在问题，交流了实施新技术关键措施、操作方法和实用效果。     

KCl与NaCl在低盐固态法酱油发酵中的应用比较

对KCl与NaCl在低盐固态酱油发酵中的应用进行了比较研究。结果表明：用KCl代替NaCl，KCl的浓度要高于NaCl才能抑制发酵期间杂茵的污染，且使用KCl的发酵效果比NaCl要好。     

Consumers’ preferences for Iberian dry-cured ham and the influence of mast feeding: An application of conjoint analysis in Spain

This paper analyzes consumers’ preferences for Iberian dry-cured ham, one of the most typical and highly prized meat products in Spain. The data were obtained by a survey carried out between April and May 2006 with a sample of 417 consumers in Extremadura (SW Spain). Conjoint Analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of the main attributes affecting preferences for Iberian ham and to create consumer segments with similar preference profiles. Results have shown that Price and Type of ham are the most important attributes for the choice of ham. Simulation analyses determined the surcharge that consumers are willing to pay for an Iberian mast-fed ham instead of an Iberian ham, thus identifying an ideal cluster for Iberian mast-fed ham.     

发酵过程添加生香酵母改善酱油风味的研究

详细介绍了低盐固态发酵工艺生产酱油在二油、三油中添加鲁氏酵母AS2．180和球拟酵母AS2．202进行再醇和采用先固后稀添加鲁氏和球拟酵母菌浇淋后酵增香用于改善酱油风味的过程，并取得了显著效果。还探讨了重新发酵后产品的特点和质量指标提高情况。     

Lipid and protein oxidation and sensory properties of vacuum-packaged dry-cured ham subjected to high hydrostatic pressure

The effect of HHP treatment (600 MPa) on the oxidative stability of lipids and proteins of vacuum-packaged Iberian dry-cured ham and the impact on the sensory characteristics of the product was investigated. In order to assess how different commercial presentations are affected by HHP treatment, three different presentations of vacuum-packaged Iberian dry-cured ham were considered, namely, (i) intact format (IF) corresponding to non-sliced vacuum-packaged dry-cured ham, (ii) conventional-sliced format (CSF) corresponding to dry-cured ham slices placed stretched out in the package and (iii) alternative-sliced format (ASF) corresponding to dry-cured ham slices piled up horizontally. The oxidation of dry-cured ham lipids and proteins was enhanced by HHP-treatment with the presentation being highly influential on these oxidative reactions. Pre-slicing dry-cured ham results in a more susceptible product to oxidative reactions during pressurisation and subsequent refrigerated storage. Possible mechanisms, by which HHP-induced oxidative reactions would affect particular sensory traits in vacuum-packaged Iberian dry-cured ham such as colour, texture and flavour attributes, are discussed.     

添加不同种类淀粉对盐水火腿品质的影响

以猪肉为主要原料,制备盐水火腿,研究不同种类的淀粉对盐水火腿的保水保油性、质构、感官品质的影响.结果表明:在6种添加不同种类淀粉的火腿中,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿保水保油性最差,添加木薯乙酰化双淀粉已二酸酯淀粉和复配淀粉C的盐水火腿保水保油性最好;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿质构最好,其次是添加复配淀粉B、木薯乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯淀粉、复配淀粉A、玉米乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯淀粉的盐水火腿,添加玉米原淀粉的盐水火腿质构最差;添加复配淀粉C的盐水火腿感官评价最好.     

基于R-型聚类分析的金华火腿主导风味的识别

为了弄清金华火腿的主导风味成分,随机取5条不同等级金华火腿的股二头肌为样品,利用固相微萃取(SPME)和气质联用(GC/MS)系统进行风味成分研究。结果发现,四级火腿中共检测到116种成分,在1-4级火腿中分别检出84,84,83和92种成分。经过设定类群数目进行R-型聚类分析,最终得到13种主导风味成分,分别为:丁酸、已醛、丁酸乙酯、乙酸、戊醛、2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、丙酮、3-甲基丁酸、2,3-丁二醇、2-甲基丙酸、苯酚和丙酸。     

Consumer satisfaction with dry-cured ham in five European countries

The objective is to investigate consumer satisfaction with dry-cured ham in five European countries. A logistic regression model has been fitted using data collected through a cross-sectional web-based survey carried out in Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Poland and Greece during January 2008 (n=2437 of which 2156 were dry-cured ham consumers). Satisfaction was evaluated as overall satisfaction, as well as specific satisfaction with healthfulness, price, convenience and taste. The findings show that the main determinant of overall satisfaction is taste satisfaction, hence, producers are recommended to focus on matching sensory acceptability of dry-cured ham. No significant between-country differences were found, reflecting the wide availability of this product in all countries. Consumer characteristics influenced their level of satisfaction. Men, older (age > 52 years) and frequent consumers of dry-cured ham consumption were more likely to be satisfied with dry-cured ham. Consumers trust the butcher's advice and they preferred purchasing dry-cured ham at a butcher shop rather than in a supermarket.     

The effects of castration on the eating quality of dry-cured ham

The influence of the castration of entire male pigs on the eating quality of dry-cured ham was evaluated. Forty-eight dry-cured hams (435-day aged) were studied from entire and castrated males of two different crossbreeds. The proximate composition of the meat and the androstenone, indole and skatole fat content were determined. The entire hams were classified according to the androstenone and skatole content. Sensory analysis was carried out by a trained panel, evaluating marbling, juiciness, saltiness, graininess, toughness, overall flavour, boar odour and boar flavour. Also carried out was a preference and acceptability paired test by consumers. Castration increased meat fattening and reduced the androstenone and skatole levels of the fat. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found between entires and castrates for the average values given in all the sensory attributes studied. The dry-cured ham from castrates was scored as more flavoured, more marbled and softer. It was also perceived as less grainy, less salty and having less boar odour and flavour. The sensory perception of boar odour was more intense than that of flavour in dry-cured ham and appears to be related to the level of androstenone and skatole in fat. Dry-cured ham from castrated males was also more accepted and more preferred by consumers, especially women and habitual consumers. Castration of male pigs contributes to improve the quality of dry-cured ham. The rejection caused by boar odour and flavour is reduced, improving the overall flavour, texture and juiciness. In addition, the saltiness is less pronounced in ham from castrates. For this reason, the production of high quality dry-cured ham will have to shoulder the extra costs associated with processing castrated pigs.