黑米发酵乳的体外抗氧化活性研究

对黑米发酵乳抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,当黑米发酵乳、普通发酵乳及20%黑米酶解液3种样品稀释8倍时,黑米发酵乳清除DPPH·,清除·OH,总抗氧化能力,螯合Fe2+能力都是最强的,分别为60.16%,30.76%,0.847,28.43%,并且都显著高于普通发酵乳和20%黑米酶解液的抗氧化能力。研究表明,黑米中的抗氧化功能成分与乳酸菌相互促进,发挥了协同作用,提高了黑米发酵乳的功能特性。     

黑米复配发酵风味饮料的研制

以黑米为主要原料,添加羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、单甘酯、绵白糖、柠檬酸等,研制黑米复配发酵风味饮料,通过单因素和正交试验优化最佳工艺参数。结果表明,黑米复配发酵风味饮料最佳工艺参数为以黑米复配发酵风味饮料总量为基准,CMC与单甘酯添加比例为4∶2(总量0.6%),黑米发酵汁用量为60%,绵白糖用量为8%,柠檬酸用量为0.05%。在此优化工艺条件下,黑米复配发酵风味饮料感官评分为90。影响黑米复配发酵风味饮料感官评分因素依次为黑米发酵汁用量绵白糖用量CMC与单甘酯添加比例柠檬酸用量。研制的黑米复配发酵风味饮料具有黑米的色泽风味及营养价值,产品口感清爽柔滑,酸甜度适宜。     

响应面法优化黑米红枣活性乳酸菌发酵工艺

以黑米和红枣为主要原料,预处理后添加蔗糖、脱脂乳粉,通过乳酸菌发酵制成含有活菌的发酵饮品。在单因素试验的基础上,通过4因素3水平的响应面分析法,发酵饮料的配方进行优化。结果表明:响应面法优化的黑米红枣发酵饮料最佳配方为黑米汁红枣汁体积比3∶2、蔗糖添加量5%、乳酸菌接种量(保加利亚乳杆菌∶嗜热链球菌体积比3∶2)3%、脱脂乳粉添加量3%。该条件下制得的产品感官评价得分为89.60分,色泽、口感和质地均较理想。     

发酵性黑米红枣饮料工艺研制

将黑米经糖化、发酵后的汁液与红枣汁按一定比例混合，通过正交试验找出原料最佳配比，并对该饮料稳定性状作了研究，研制出一种以黑米和红枣为主要原料的营养丰富、均衡、风味浓郁的发酵性饮料。     

多菌种混合发酵黑米饮料的研究

研究了以黑米为原料,通过蒸煮、糖化制得黑米汁,再接入酵母菌、乳酸菌、醋酸菌共同发酵所得的一种新型发酵无醇饮料。试验表明,黑米汁发酵的最佳糖度为12°Bx,pH为6.5,接入菌种的比例为酵母菌∶乳酸菌∶醋酸菌=0.5∶1∶2,接种量为0.1g/L,发酵时间为8～9d,发酵温度为33℃。所得发酵液经调配、杀菌便制成了黑米发酵无醇饮料。     

发酵乳的营养价值及保健作用

详细介绍了发酵乳的营养价值和保健功能，对乳酸菌发酵乳营养、生理功能及机理进行了阐述，对开发发酵乳和乳酸菌饮料作为保健食品具有重要意义。     

黑米发酵食品研究进展

对黑米的历史、营养价值、功能及黑米的深加工进行了概述,并提出发酵是一种有效改善黑米加工性能和提高营养价值的方法,着重阐述了黑米发酵酒、黑米发酵饮料、黑米发酵乳、黑米酱油和酱、黑米发酵煎饼、黑米面包、黑米发酵馒头和黑米发酵口服液等中国黑米发酵食品的研究状况。     

复配乳酸菌黑米发酵乳工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

利用植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌混菌发酵制备黑米发酵乳，通过响应面试验优化发酵工艺，并测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明：当发酵时间4 h、发酵温度37℃、黑米浆与牛奶的体积比1∶1.7时，黑米发酵乳的感官评分达到86.91±3.24,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

沙棘果醋发酵饮料生产工艺的研究

论述了以沙棘果为发酵原料,以黑米、糯米、麸皮为辅料,经醋酸菌和酿酒酵母发酵、预处理,再添加适量蜂蜜、蔗糖调味而研制出的沙棘果醋饮料。确定的工艺技术参数为:沙棘∶黑米∶糯米∶麸皮的配比量为1∶0.2∶0.4∶0.2;酿酒酵母和醋酸菌接种量分别为0.4%,0.2%;酒精发酵温度(25±2)℃,醋酸发酵温度(32±2)℃,总发酵时间72 h;成品果醋饮料自然条件下贮存30～90天,未发现异常现象。经检测,供试沙棘果醋饮料理化指标和微生物学指标均符合我国食品卫生标准。     

发酵乳的功能与特性

本文综合国内外关于发酵乳功能的最新研究进展，对发酵乳的营养成分。生理功能及其机理进行了比较详细的叙述，乳酸菌种（类）型及其产物特点、生理功能方面的实验过程进行了描述，为更好地开发发酵乳，乳酸菌饮料作为保健食品具有重要参考价值。     

自然发酵与人工接种发酵酸菜的研究进展

酸菜是一种民族传统的发酵蔬菜制品,分为自然发酵与人工接种发酵两种,在我国居民尤其是东北地区居民饮食中占据重要位置,经常食用,具有良好的保健功效。该文综述了自然发酵及人工接种发酵产品中主要风味成分、有害成分以及感官品质等方面的变化,并展望了酸菜生产研发的主要发展方向。     

自然发酵腐与人工接种发酵腐乳的微生物比对研究

目的分析自然发酵腐乳与人工接种发酵腐乳两者微生物种类及可能产生的安全隐患,并对腐乳的生产环节中易产生的杂菌提出改进方案。方法利用传统的微生物分离鉴定方法,依据SB/T 10170-2007行业标准及食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验等方法对影响腐乳中微生物的几个安全性指标和致病菌进行检测。结果通过2种方式培育的毛霉腐乳,其微生物含量和种类对比性很强,自然发酵腐乳的方式其细菌含量高,致病菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌也均有检出,其他致病菌也存在很大的风险。选用人工接种发酵的腐乳其可培养出的微生物种类少,致病菌也未检出。结论选用人工接种发酵的腐乳较自然发酵的腐乳安全性高,更符合市场需求。     

发酵香肠的研制

利用从传统火腿中分离、筛选的微生物发酵剂对香肠进行发酵试验。通过对产品的感官、理化指标分析,以探讨发酵香肠的加工配方、工艺和微生物发酵剂。结果表明,发酵对香肠风味、色泽有一定的促进作用。     

中华人民共和国国家标准酿造酱油

1　范围本标准规定了酿造酱油的定义、产品分类、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则和标签、包装、运输、贮存的要求。本标准适用于第 3章所指的酿造酱油。2　引用标准下列标准所包含的条文 ,通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时 ,所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订 ,使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。ＧＢ/Ｔ 6 0 1— 1 988　化学试剂　滴定分析(容量分析 )用标准溶液的制备。ＧＢ 2 71 5— 1 981　粮食卫生标准ＧＢ 2 71 7— 1 996　酱油卫生标准ＧＢ 2 76 0— 1 996　食品添加剂使用卫生标准ＧＢ …     

Microstructure of fermented sausage

A protein matrix is necessary for the desired texture of fermented sausages suitable for slicing. The formation of this network is predominantly induced by myosin and actin proteins. A change in the structure of native muscle proteins results from different technological processes such as chopping, salting, and fermentation. During chopping with simultaneous release of meat proteins, the salt brings about a change in the original structure of proteins by swelling and partial solution of myofibrils. The dissolved proteins are transformed into a thin fluid colloidal transition state, the so-called 'sol-state' with unstable coagulation bonds. During sausage ripening, as a result of denaturation by lactic-acid and due to gradual loss of water (drying), the unstable bonds are replaced by condensation bonds, and thus the sol-state is converted into the 'gel-state'. Both gel formation (condensation structure) and water evaporation (syneresis) result in the development of a matrix in fermented sausage and, consequently, in the texture of the sliceable product.     

Probiotics in fermented sausages

Probiotic foods receive market interest as health-promoting, functional foods. They have been introduced in a wide range of food industries. However, commercial application of probiotic microorganisms in fermented sausages is not common yet. There are both advantages and disadvantages connected to fermented meat matrices. They are adequate for the carriage of probiotic bacteria since they are usually not or only mildly heated and may promote the survival of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, bacterial viability may be reduced due to the high content in curing salt and the low water activity and pH. Therefore, results are expected to be strain-dependent. Up till now, several approaches have been followed but most results are too preliminary to be able to evaluate the effect of probiotic fermented meats on human health. Candidate probiotic strains have been obtained through screening for technological requirements among bacteria that are naturally present in the meat or that originate from meat starter cultures. Alternatively, existing probiotic bacteria have been applied in meat products. Finally, the evaluation of the end-products needs to deal with both health effects and technological characteristics, for instance through human intervention studies and taste panels, respectively.     

Untargeted metabolic footprinting reveals key differences between fermented brown milk and fermented milk metabolomes

Fermented brown milk has gained popularity because of its unique taste and flavor. Lactobacillus bulgaricus ND02 is a starter culture that has good milk fermentation characteristics. This study aimed to profile the metabolites produced during Maillard browning and to identify metabolomic differences between fermented brown milk and fermented milk produced by the ND02 strain. This study used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to compare the metabolomes of milk, fermented milk, brown milk, and fermented brown milk. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of various groups of metabolites, including peptides, AA, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, vitamins, and nucleosides. The Maillard browning reaction significantly increased the intensity of a wide spectrum of flavor compounds, including short peptides, organic acids, and compounds of aldehydes, ketones, sulfur, and furan, which might together contribute to the unique flavor of brown milk. However, Maillard browning led to an increase in Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, which might cause negative health effects such as diabetes, uremia, or Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, fermenting brown milk with the ND02 strain effectively countered such an effect. Finally, 5 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between fermented brown milk and fermented milk, including l-lysine, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 2,3-pentanedione, and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, which might together contribute to the different nutritional qualities of fermented brown milk and fermented milk. This study has provided novel information about the Maillard reaction and compared the metabolomes of the 4 types of dairy products.     

酿造酱油中华人民共和国国家标准

范围 标准规定了酿造酱油的定义、产品分类、 技术要求、试验方法、检验规则和标签、包装、 运输、贮存的要求. 本标准适用于第3章所指的酿造酱油. 本发明是涉及一种调味用的香薷调味品,由香薷粉或香薷汁组成,其粉或汁同其他配料混合可构成清香型、麻辣型、鲜鸡味型等不同味型的调味品,其口感好,促食欲、健身体,推广应用市场广阔,有良好的经济和社会效益.     

发酵牛肉调味料的研制

以瑞士乳杆菌作为发酵荆菌种研制新型发酵牛肉调味料。利用瑞士乳杆菌分泌二肽酶、三肽酶等的特性，研究了其对牛肉酶解汁口感及风味的影响。结果表明，发酵12h牛肉酶解物的苦味基本消失、肉香较浓郁；发酵18h其口感、风味均达到最佳，并在此基础上研制出了发酵牛肉调味粉。