铈掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂不同量Ce的TiO2纳米粒子,利用UV-Vis漫反射光谱及XRD等对所制备样品进行表征和解释,以高压汞灯为光源,甲基橙水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2/TiO2的光催化降解反应活性.实验发现掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子反射光谱特性向可见光方向红移到了500 nm;掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子比纯的TiO2纳米粒子对光的吸收率高、吸收能力强;掺杂的Ce4+仅有少量进入TiO2晶格中,而大部分的Ce4+没有进入TiO2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO2形态均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子中或者是覆盖在其表面上,说明掺杂Ce能提高TiO2光催化反应活性,且掺杂Ce量有最佳值.实验结果表明在TiO2中掺杂Ce的摩尔百分含量为2%,甲基橙起始浓度为20 mg·L-1,CeO2/TiO2用量为0.400 g,双氧水用量为5.88 mmol·L-1,pH值为6.4时,光照8 h,甲基橙的脱色率可达96.8%.     

稀土改性Ni/TiO_2光催化剂及其重复利用催化活性

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La或Ce改性的0.3%Ni/TiO2(即La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2),考察了La-Ni/TiO2或Ce-Ni/TiO2在催化降解甲基橙水溶液过程中的重复利用性能,并用XRD、N2吸附-脱附以及XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析。研究表明,适宜La和Ce掺杂量(La/Ti、Ce/Ti摩尔比)分别为0.15%和0.1%,适宜焙烧温度为400℃。在酸性条件下(pH=3),La-Ni/TiO2和Ce-Ni/TiO2与Ni/TiO2光降解甲基橙的能力相当,但La或Ce掺杂使Ni/TiO2催化剂的重复使用能力提高。催化剂上存在低结合能的低价钛离子(如Ti3+),低价钛离子的含量和结合能大小是衡量催化剂光催化降解活性的重要因素。可能是La或Ce使催化剂在使用过程中低价钛离子得到较好保留,从而使催化剂活性得到较好维持,催化剂重复使用性能提高。     

La、Ho掺杂 TiO2光催化抗菌材料的制备与抗菌性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋转涂膜法制备了La、Ho掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料.以大肠杆菌为实验菌种,普通日光灯为光源,考察了旋转速度、稀土掺杂量、涂膜层数、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对材料抗菌性能的影响.并采用SEM、XRD、TG-DSC等方法对材料进行了表征.结果表明,稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料在普通日光灯照射下具备较强的抗菌性能.当旋转速度1100r/min,镧掺杂量为x(La)=0.3%、烧结温度550℃、烧结时间1.5 h、涂膜层数为3层时,La-TiO2抗菌性能最佳;旋转速度1100r/min,钬掺杂量为x(Ho)=0.4%、烧结温度600℃、烧结时间1 h、涂膜层数为2层时,Ho-TiO2抗菌性能较好,且La掺杂TiO2光催化材料抗菌性能优于Ho掺杂TiO2光催化材料,其1.5h杀菌率达92.21%.     

光催化处理低浓度氨氮废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了比表面积为73.69 m²·g^-1和中位粒径(D₅₀)为1.134μm的TiO₂光催化剂,通过添加La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Gd等稀土元素对TiO₂光催化剂进行改性。运用XRD、BET、粒度和氨氮分析等表征手段,考察了稀土离子掺杂、催化剂加入量、H₂O₂加入量和紫外光照时间等因素对TiO₂光催化处理稀土冶炼氨氮废水的影响。结果表明,稀土离子掺杂可有效提高TiO₂光催化处理氨氮废水的能力。在最佳光催化工艺条件下,添加La、Ce元素样品的氨氮去除率均达到80%以上,氯化铵废水中的氨氮浓度可显著降至14 mg/L,达到了稀土工业污染物排放标准中新建企业氨氮限值要求(15 mg/L)。     

具有核壳结构的纳米二氧化钛负载银离子掺杂稀土离子抗菌剂的合成、表征及抑菌活性研究

以纳米TiO2粉体和硝酸银及稀土硝酸盐(RE=Ce4+、La3+、Nd3+、Sm3+、Er3+)为原料,采用浸渍法制备了5种具有核壳结构的纳米二氧化钛负载银离子掺杂稀土离子抗菌剂.通过固体紫外-可见光谱、X-射线粉末衍射光谱、X-Ray光电子衍射光谱、透射电镜分析证明掺杂Ce4+的抗菌剂具有核壳结构.采用培养基扩散法、营养肉汤稀释法及贴膜试验对这五种抗菌剂进行了抑菌活性研究,最终证明其具有很好的抑菌性.     

水热法制备稀土掺杂纳米TiO_2薄膜及光催化降解性能研究

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为前驱物,尿素为沉淀剂,采用水热法在玻璃基片上制备了稀土离子掺杂的TiO2薄膜。以薄膜对紫外光吸收值为指标,考察了水热反应时间、镀膜次数、掺杂稀土离子的种类、掺杂量对紫外光吸收性能的影响,确定了掺杂薄膜最佳制备条件:在1.0mol/L尿素溶液中,温度为160℃,反应10h,镀膜两次,稀土最佳掺杂量为n(La)=0.9%或n(Eu)=1.1%(n为摩尔比),掺镧元素的效果好于掺铕元素。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的TiO2薄膜的相结构及形貌进行了分析和表征,结果表明,所制备的薄膜均匀、致密、无可视缺陷。以甲基橙为光催化降解的探针化合物,探讨了TiO2薄膜光催化降解性能,结果表明,掺杂稀土离子的TiO2薄膜对光催化降解性能远优于未掺杂的TiO2薄膜。     

钒掺杂TiO_2粉体的制备及性能

严重的环境和能源问题推动了对以TiO2为主的半导体光催化材料的研究.金属阳离子掺杂TiO2,可以有效地提高光催化材料对可见光的响应及光催化性能.该文作者采用水相法制备以不同比率掺杂钒的TiO2粉体,并用H2SO4溶液浸渍处理,研究掺杂比率对粉体吸收光谱和光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:钒掺杂可以使TiO2粉体的光波长响应阈值移至600 nm左右,大大提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收;钒的掺杂比率(摩尔分数)为2.5%时,粉体在普通日光灯下照射6h,对甲基橙的降解率达到69%,高于纯TiO2粉体;硫酸修饰则提高了掺杂钒的TiO2粉体的光催化性.     

低量Y3+掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度600 ℃制备了不同Y3 掺杂量的纳米TiO2粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征.研究了Y3 掺杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Y3 掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,适量掺杂Y3 可以提高其光催化活性.当Y3 掺杂量为0.04%, 纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.6%,其金红石相含量为9.8%,平均粒径为12 nm,Y3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

掺杂纳米TiO_2光触媒的甲醛降解研究

对纳米TiO2掺杂金属盐后的光催化甲醛降解性能进行了试验研究.研究结果表明:适当钒掺杂改性提高了纳米TiO2降解甲醛的能力,经过钒掺杂改性纳米TiO2后其可见光范围的吸收明显增强;0.5? 0.3%V复合掺杂改性具有较好的光催化效果,比单一金属元素掺杂效果好,其甲醛降解率可达85%以上.     

稀土掺杂TiO2-活性白土复合光催化剂的合成与性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,活性白土为载体,采用溶胶法合成了稀土(Sm3+、Tm3+、Ho3+、Nd3+)掺杂TiO2-活性白土复合光催化剂,借助XRD和UV-Vis技术对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了稀土元素种类及掺杂量对复合光催化剂光催化性能的影响规律.物相结构分析表明,稀土元素掺杂使得复合光催化剂中纳米TiO2晶粒细化;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,稀土元素掺杂后复合光催化剂吸收边发生明显红移,且在紫外光和可见光区对光的吸收增强;光催化实验表明,四种稀土元素掺杂均能显著提高复合光催化剂的光催化性能,其中Tm3+和Sm3+掺杂改性效果较好,当Tm3+掺杂量为0.1%(物质的量百分比)时复合光催化剂光催化活性较高,将其用于卷烟厂蒸叶废水的脱色去味处理,效果较好,废水COD去除率达到79.1%,且催化剂易沉降分离、重复使用性能稳定.     

Effects of Mineral Tourmaline Particles on Photocatalytic Activities of RE/TiO2 Composite Thin Films

The composite TiO2 films containing the mineral tourmaline particles and rare earth elements (T/RE/TiO2 )were prepared by a sol-gel method using Ti( OC4H9 )4 as raw material. The microstructure and forming mechanism of T/RE/TiO2 films were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activities of RE/TiO2 were determined by photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde. The results show that the photocatalytic degradation ratio of formaldehyde increases by 44.2% with the composite films of Ce/TiO2 containing 0.04%tourmaline, more than that with the thin films of Ce/TiO2 under UV irradiation.     

Bi_2WO_6 doped with rare earth ions:Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity under simulated solar irradiation

Rare-earth modification Bi_2 WO_6 composites(RE/Bi_2 WO_6) were studied by experimental performance and theory computation based on the different 4 f orbits of selected rare earth elements(La,Ce,Gd,and Yb).The prepared RE/Bi_2 WO_6 was characterized by XRD,SEM/TEM,XPS,UV-vis DRS,and N_2 adsorption to learn their physical-chemical properties.Azo dye Rhodamine B(RhB) was photodegraded as a target pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic activity of prepared RE/Bi_2 WO_6 composites.The results of experiment and computation show that four rare earth elements with different electron configurations retain the phase and morphology of Bi_2 WO_6 and enhance the removal efficiency of RhB under simulated solar irradiation.The optimum doping contents are 0.01%,0.05%,0.05% and 0.01% for La-,Ce-,Gd-,and Yb-doped Bi_2 WO_6,respectively.However,light rare earth La and Ce doped composites indicate some difference in visible light adso rption capacity and mineralization on RhB co mpared with heavy rare earth Gd and Yb doped composites.Both La/Bi_2 WO_6 and Ce/Bi_2 WO_6 possess larger pore size and higher mineralization ability than Gd/Bi_2 WO_6 and Yb/Bi_2 WO_6 under the same experimental conditions while Gd/Bi_2 WO_6 and Yb/Bi_2 WO_6 show stronger red shift to the visible light due to the more 4 f electrons.The hole oxidation plays a major role in the photodegradation of RhB by all RE/Bi_2 WO_6.     

Surface ζ potential and photocatalytic activity of rare earths doped TiO2

The iso-electric point of different rare earths (La, Ce, Y) doped anatase TiO2 was set out, and three organisms with different sur-face electrical properties (methylene blue trihydrate-positive electricity, methyl orange-negative electricity, methyl red-neutral electricity) were selected as photodegradable models. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of 0.5wt.%Y ions doped anatase TiO2 was better than those of the others. The relationship between Zeta (ζ) potential and the photocatalytic activity of different RE doped anatase TiO2 were also investigated. The Y-doped anatase TiO2 was found with the special two iso-electric points and three ζ potential values.     

纳米Ce/TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

以TiCl4为原料,Ce(NO3)2·6H2O为掺杂剂,制备了铈掺杂TiO2纳米粒子并进行了X射线衍射表征和气相光催化性能评价。实验结果表明,铈掺杂对样品的光催化活性有影响,随着掺铈量的增加样品的光催化活性提高。掺铈量大于4%以后活性变化不再明显。样品的焙烧温度和时间也对样品的光催化活性有影响。此外,样品的粒径随制备中的pH值降低而减小。     

Study on Rare Earth Electrolyte of Ce_(0.9)RE_(0.1)O_(2-δ) (RE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy)

Thesolidelectrolyteisakeycomponentofsolidoxidefuelcell (SOFC) .Dopedceriaisoneofpromis inghigh conductingsolidelectrolyteinSOFC[1,2 ] .Butitiswell knownthatitisdifficulttosinterdopedceriabysolidstatereactioninair .TheCe0 .9RE0 .1O2 -δelectrolytematerialswerepreparedbythesol gelmethod .Thesinteringtemperatureofthesamplescandecreasetoabout 4 0 0K .Theionicconductivityandlinearthermalexpansionpropertiesofsol gelpreparedCe0 .9RE0 .1O2 -δinawidetemperaturerangewerein vestigated .Thepowder…     

Photocatalytic activity of cerium-doped mesoporous TiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite under UV and visible light

A novel kind of magnetically separable photocatalyst of cerrium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide coated magnetite (Ce/MTiO2/ Fe3O4) was prepared and its activities under UV and visible light were reported. The catalysts with Ce/MTiO2 shell and Fe3O4 core were pre-pared by coating photoactive Ce/MTiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OBu)4, TBT) with pre-cursors of ammonium ceric nitrate and TBT in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The MTiO2 shell was for photocatalysis, the Fe3O4 core was for separation by the magnetic field and the doped Ce was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MTiO2. The morphological, struc-tural and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of cerrium-doped content on the photocatalytic activity was studied and the result revealed that 0.5 mol.% Ce/MTiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited highest photoactivity. The photocatalytic activities of obtained photocatalysts under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB, 50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as effective catalyst in photooxi-dation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, Ce/MTiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by an external magnetic filed. So, the photocatalyst can be reused without any mass loss. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

La0.65RE0.10Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.15(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)储氢合金的电化学性能及EIS分析

通过感应熔炼制备La0.65RE0.10Mg0.25Ni3.55i0.15(RE =La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)合金.采用X射线衍射方法分析了合金的相结构,研究了其电化学性能,并采用电化学阻抗谱分析了合金电极的放氢动力学特性.研究结果表明,合金是以LaNi5、LaNi3为主相的多相结构,同时合金中少量的Si元素与Mg和Ni元素形成了少量的Mg2 Si相和Ni2Si相.Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm部分替代La以后,合金的放电容量下降,Ce的替代使合金容量大幅度降低.对于本系列合金,La被其他稀土元素部分替代后,合金经过100次循环后的容量保持率略有下降,但除了Pr元素以外,变化值均较小.合金电极的电化学阻抗谱分析表明,中低频区的容抗弧半径依次为Ce ＞La＞ Nd ＞Sm ＞Pr,这表明采用Nd、Sm、Pr替代La后合金电极在碱液中放电过程电荷传递电阻Rct减小,即合金表面活性增加,但Ce替代却导致Ret急剧增大,这可能与Ce在碱液中易形成氧化物降低了合金的表面活性有关.     

可见光活性的Ru掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及光解水制氢性能研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了系列Ru掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并利用XRD和UV-Vis漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明:Ru掺杂阻止了TiO2纳米粒子由锐钛矿向金红石相的转变,提高了TiO2对可见光的吸收强度。Ru掺杂的最佳浓度为0.014%,在可见光的照射下,Ru(0.014%)/TiO2对光解水制氢有较高的活性。     

Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized TiO2 Enhanced by co-doping with Fe3+ and Nd3+ Ions

In this study, nanosized TiO2 co-doped with Fe3 and Nd3 ions was synthesized via a sol-gel method. The metallic ion doped TiO2 was thoroughly characterized with XRD and UV-vis, and the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) solution. The results indicated that TiO2 crystalline size was reduced and phase transformation of anatase to rutile was suppressed as the content of doped Nd3 ion increased in the co-doped TiO2. The UV-vis spectra of co-doped TiO2 seemed to simply overlay two spectra of single metal doped TiO2, and had significantly increased absorbance in the ranges of 400~500 nm, 565~600 nm and 730~765 nm as compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of co-doped TiO2 was obviously enhanced, and raised about 30% compared to that of pure TiO2 as doped Nd3 content was 0.15% and Fe3 content was 0.05%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to a synergistic effect of two doped ions, where doped Fe3 ion inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron and hole, and Nd3 ion brought more surface carboxyl to promote the degradation reaction.