新型力解耦和各向同性机器人六维力传感器

介绍了基于并联 6 -SPS结构的新型机器人六维力与力矩传感器的结构特点 ,并分析计算了其力与应变之间的转换关系及其力各向同性 ,为该六维力与力矩传感器的设计和使用提供了理论依据。分析计算结果表明该传感器是力与力矩解耦和各向同性的。该传感器采用弹性铰链替代球铰 ,具有结构灵巧、工艺性好等优点 ,可应用到机器人手腕、手指和其它使用多维力与力矩传感器的场合。     

通讯受限条件下的机器人编队算法

针对通讯受限条件下大规模移动机器人编队任务,本文提出了基于行为的分布式多机器人线形编队控制和避障算法.机器人个体无需获得群体中所有机器人的信息,而是根据传感器获取的环境信息和局部范围内的机器人信息对其自身的调整方向进行预测,并最终很好地完成了设定的编队及避障任务.由于本文方法需求的通讯量不大,并且采用分布式控制,因此该...     

《机器人穿越浮桥》教学设计

教材分析本课教学内容取材于浙江省义务教育教科书《信息技术》九年级第15课《机器人认路》。学习任务是通过机器人认路项目的实施,掌握利用灰度传感器感知路线,完成沿固定路线行走的任务,了解机器人获取外部环境信息的方式,理解机器人如何根据各种信息做出决策。涉及的知识点有传感器的种类、灰度传感器、条件循环和分支结构。实体机器人项目受到硬件、场地因素的影响,目前还难以在我校全体学生中开展课堂教学。基于3D仿真平台的虚     

基于六维力传感器的工业机器人末端负载受力感知研究

针对工业机器人末端负载与外界环境接触力的感知需求,在机器人法兰与负载之间设置六维力传感器,并研究一套标定与计算方法,综合考虑负载重力作用、传感器零点、机器人安装倾角等因素,利用不少于3个机器人姿态下的力传感器数据,可求得传感器零点、机器人安装倾角、负载重力大小、负载重心坐标等参数,进一步可消除传感器零点及负载重力对受力感知的影响,精确得到机器人末端负载所受的外部作用力与力矩.实验得到对于重量从320N到1917N的负载,在静态条件下,感知外力的误差在负载重力的0.28%以内,感知外力矩的误差在负载对传感器力矩的0.59%以内.     

一个任务导向的装配机器人多传感器系统方法

本文介绍了一个用于装配机器人的多传感器系统的设计思想和实现方案.提出了在装配任务导向下的监测任务规划模型,讨论了多物理传感器信息融合方法,多目标三层次感知信息决策模型,以及相应的实现系统层次结构.目的是在目标级上实现装配机器人系统的动态闭环.     

遥操作机器人客户端仿真系统的设计与实现

该文面向空间机器人遥操作,应用三维预测仿真和遥传感器反馈监控技术,建构了遥操作机器人的客户端仿真系统.实现了简单的柔顺力控制操作的仿真.操作员通过仿真系统面向的虚拟环境离线编程,实现对遥操作任务的预演.同时基于遥传感器反馈信息的识别,实现了对远端任务执行进程的监控和状态流图显示.在模拟的大时延情况下,操作员能够在客户端通过局域网控制实验室中的机器人完成精密插孔装配等任务.为进行大时延遥操作提供了算法实验平台.     

面向智能服务机器人任务规划的行动语言扩展

针对智能服务机器人的任务规划,引入复合行动对行动语言C+进行了扩展,并实现了其求解系统.在扩展的行动语言C+中,复合行动被定义成一定条件下一系列基本行动的连续执行.通过刻画扩展的行动描述和其对应的转移系统的关系,证明了扩展行动语言相对于原始行动语言的可靠性和完备性.在智能服务机器人的任务规划中,复合行动可以看成是一种对于机器人能力的“高层”抽象.这样的扩展使得对于机器人规划系统的建模更加直观,具有更大的灵活性,并且扩展有增量式的优点.实验结果表明,通过引入复合行动,对于比较复杂的机器人任务规划问题,可以很好地改进求解效率.     

机器人传感器的仿真

计算机仿真是校验基于传感器的机器人系统运动和任务规划的主要工具，也是优化设计机器人传感器的有力工具，本文阐述了机器人传感器仿真的现状，系统对讨论了机器人传感器仿真的基本概念，分类，模型及特点和方法。     

超高压输电线路巡检机器人越障控制问题的研究

给出了一种超高压输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现方法．根据机器人的作业任务,提出了基于传感器信息、约束信息以及动作反馈信息作为输入,产生式系统作为动作输出的越障控制方式．仿真结果表明此方法对于机器人的越障过程是有效的．     

一种欠驱动水下机器人手爪的作业能力研究

在分析当前机器人手爪研究现状的基础上,根据水下作业任务特点,确定了作业型水下机器人多传感器手爪的设计需求,研究了水下手爪原理样机的作业能力,结合典型物体的抓取给出了关键参数关系.该样机可满足在指定环境下进行目标识别、抓取、简单装配、搬运等典型操作任务的要求,为操作型水下机器人多传感器手爪感知系统的研究提供了硬件平台.     

独立于设计者的行动推理

高水平的智能机器人要求能够独立地对环境进行感知并进行正确的行动推理.在情境演算行动理论中表示带有感知行动及知识的行动推理需要外部设计者为agent写出背景公理、感知结果及相应的知识变化,这是一种依赖于设计者的行动推理.情境演算行动理论被适当扩充,感知器的表示被添加到行动理论的形式语言中,并把agent新知识的产生建立在感知器的应用结果之上.扩充后的系统能够形式化地表示机器人对环境的感知并把感知结果转换为知识,还能进行独立于设计者的行动推理,同时让感知行动的"黑箱"过程清晰化.     

A system for programming and controlling sensor-based robot manipulators

This paper describes an approach to programming and controlling robot manipulators which facilitates the use of sensory information. Robot actions are specified by declaring software servo processes which control the robot's various degrees of freedom. These servo processes can involve position, orientation, force, and torque information from the robot itself, or data from external sensors. Robot tasks are programmed by dynamically modifying the servo processes or by changing set points to these processes. Condition monitors, which have access to program and sensory information, detect the completion of program steps.     

A compliant end-effector coupling for vertical assembly: design and evaluation

Many manipulation tasks require compliance, i.e. the robot's ability to comply with the environment and accomplish force as well as position control. Examples are constrained motion tasks and tasks associated with touch or feel in fine assembly. Few compliance-related tasks have been automated, and usually by active means of active compliance control: the need for passive compliance offered by the manipulator itself has been recognized and has led to the development of compliant end-effectors and/or wrists. In this paper we present a novel passively compliant coupling, the compliant end-effector coupling (CEEC), which aids automated precision assembly. It serves as a mechanical interface between the end of the robot arm and the end-effector. The coupling has 6 degrees of freedom. The design of the coupling is based on a “lock and free” assembly idea. The coupling is locked and behaves like a stiff member during robot motion, and is free (compliant) during constrained motion. It features an air bearing, a variable stiffness air spring and a center-locking mechanism. The end-effector assembly, being centrally unlocked, will float within the designed compliance limits assisted by the air bearing. These frictionless and constraint-free conditions facilitate a fast correction of any initial lateral and angular misalignments. In a peg insertion assembly, such accommodation is possible provided that the tip of the peg is contained within the chamfer of the hole. A variable stiffness air spring was incorporated in the design to allow variable and passive vertical compliance. This vertical compliance allows the accommodation of angular and vertical errors. The center-locking mechanism will return the end-effector assembly to its initial position upon an error correction. In a robot application program, the CEEC can be locked during rapid motion to securely transport a part or be set free during assembly or disassembly processes when the motions are constrained.     

Kinematic redundancy and sensor redundancy for enhancement of robot tracking performance

Imprecision of robot's internal sensors and its influence on trajectory tracking tasks along with high dynamic requirements are the main issues in this paper. The solution proposes redundancy introduction (in the shape of small mechanism at the top of the robot) for resolving both problems. The inverse kinematics of the redundant robot has been solved at the tactical level of control via the Distributed Positioning (DP) concept. The redundancy applied reduces the tracking error caused by dynamic requirements and partly by imprecision of internal sensors. However, additional solutions with external position sensor could be used in order to reduce sensor imprecision influence. All solutions are very conservative considering changes in basic (non-redundant) robot. Simulation results provide clear insight in the validity of proposed solutions.     

高层建筑喷涂机器人系统研究

本文论述了用于高层建筑外墙面装饰材料喷涂作业的喷涂机器人系统，着重论述了 该机器人系统的组成和特点、机器人支援系统和机器人本体结构的设计，讨论了机器人控制 系统的结构原理，并对机器人控制系统的实现和基于传感器的任务调度机制进行了深入的探 讨．     

SVR Versus Neural-Fuzzy Network Controllers for the Sagittal Balance of a Biped Robot

The real-time balance control of an eight-link biped robot using a zero moment point (ZMP) dynamic model is difficult due to the processing time of the corresponding equations. To overcome this limitation, two alternative intelligent computing control techniques were compared: one based on support vector regression (SVR) and another based on a first-order Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK)-type neural-fuzzy (NF) network. Both methods use the ZMP error and its variation as inputs and the output is the correction of the robot's torso necessary for its sagittal balance. The SVR and the NF were trained based on simulation data and their performance was verified with a real biped robot. Two performance indexes are proposed to evaluate and compare the online performance of the two control methods. The ZMP is calculated by reading four force sensors placed under each robot's foot. The gait implemented in this biped is similar to a human gait that was acquired and adapted to the robot's size. Some experiments are presented and the results show that the implemented gait combined either with the SVR controller or with the TSK NF network controller can be used to control this biped robot. The SVR and the NF controllers exhibit similar stability, but the SVR controller runs about 50 times faster.      

Development of assembly system with quick and low-cost installation

ABSTRACT

Cell production systems for assembly operations generally require tool changes using several hands and a customized work table. The initial setting and resetting of the assembly system are costly. We implemented a system comprising the use of only two hands and without the requirement of tool changers. In addition, multiple sensors are used to perform tasks robustly to avoid errors. The peg-in-hole task is performed robustly against errors without the precise positioning of objects. The objective is to develop a system that is lean and agile and can be set up quickly. We evaluate this system based on the task-board and assembly tasks during the assembly challenge in the industrial robotics category of the World Robot Summit 2018.     

Constraint network analysis of 3-dimensional insertion tasks

Flexible assembly machines may be improved and costs reduced by relaxing constraints on part fixturing accuracy and employing compliant devices in assembly effectors. An effector-mounted remote center compliance device that corrects for spatial misalignments of prismatic parts of general cross section has recently been demonstrated. This spatial RCC was designed by planning for the possible fine motion assembly contact states given a range of initial position and orientation uncertainty between the mating parts. These fine motion contact states are arranged in a constraint network in the fashion of a Petri net controller, however, the control transitions are mediated by compliances reacting to contact forces rather than from force sensing and discrete event controller schemes. A path through the constraint network of a square peg and hole task is found from initial to final assembly states. This path defines a single compliance relationship that is realized with a practical assembly device. Extensions of this design technique to other assembly tasks are discussed.     

基于自然接触传感器的智能控制手柄

研究开发了一种用于控制手柄的自然接触传感器组.该传感器组能够实时地测量皮肤血流容积、皮肤导电性、皮肤温度和握力等人体生理信号,同时不会改变和打扰人原来的工作状态.传感器的设计是基于自然接触理念,通过包覆的方式安置到控制手柄上,以保证人和传感器的自然接触,包覆有此类传感器的手柄称为智能控制手柄,实验结果显示智能控制手柄具...     

An efficient multi-camera, multi-target scheme for the three-dimensional control of robots using uncalibrated vision

A vision-based control methodology is presented in this paper that can perform accurate, three-dimensional (3D), positioning and path-tracking tasks. Tested with the challenging manufacturing task of welding in an unstructured environment, the proposed methodology has proven to be highly reliable, consistently achieving terminal precision of 1 mm. A key limiting factor for this high precision is camera–space resolution per unit physical space. This paper also presents a means of preserving and even increasing this ratio over a large region of the robot's workspace by using data from multiple vision sensors.In the experiments reported in this paper, a laser is used to facilitate the image processing aspect of the vision-based control strategy. The laser projects “laser spots” over the workpiece in order to gather information about the workpiece geometry. Previous applications of the control method were limited to considering only local, geometric information of the workpiece, close to the region where the robot's tool is going to be placed. This paper presents a methodology to consider all available information about the geometry of the workpiece. This data is represented in a compact matrix format that is used within the algorithm to evaluate an optimal robot configuration. The proposed strategy processes and stores the information that comes from various vision sensors in an efficient manner.An important goal of the proposed methodology is to facilitate the use of industrial robots in unstructured environments. A graphical-user-interface (GUI) has been developed that simplifies the use of the robot/vision system. With this GUI, complex tasks such as welding can be successfully performed by users with limited experience in the control of robots and welding techniques.