固硫灰对水泥早期水化行为的影响

为了探讨固硫灰作水泥掺和料的水化行为,研究了不同细度固硫灰替代部分水泥时胶凝体系1d水化电阻率和水化放热的变化,分析了不同细度固硫灰对水泥早期水化行为的影响.结果显示:掺入30%的固硫灰后胶凝体系1d水化电阻率增大,并且增大幅度与固硫灰的细度呈正比;掺加固硫灰能够影响水泥的凝结时间,具体表现为掺加原灰延长了水泥的初凝时间,而掺加磨细灰缩短了水泥的初凝时间;掺加固硫灰增大了水泥1d内水化放热量,且掺加磨细灰的早期水化放热量要高于掺加原灰的试样.结果证明磨细灰前期水化速度加快,有利于降低后期膨胀性.     

粉煤灰掺量及颗粒群分布与水泥浆体流变性的关系研究

研究了原状粉煤灰与磨细粉煤灰不同掺量和不同颗粒群分布与水泥浆流变性能的相互关系。结果发现:原状粉煤灰加入水泥后具有降低水泥浆的粘度与屈服值的作用,且随粉煤灰细度及掺量的增加而更明显;磨细粉煤灰加入水泥后具有提高水泥浆的粘度与屈服值的效应,且随粉煤灰细度及掺量的增加而更突出。用灰色关联分析原理证实了原状灰<10μm的颗粒含量与水泥浆的流变性呈负关联,即对改善水泥的流动性是有益的;而磨细灰<10μm的颗粒含量与水泥浆的流变性呈正关联,即对提高水泥的流动性是不利的。     

钛矿渣-固硫灰作混合材制备复合水泥性能研究

基于钛矿渣的减水作用和固硫灰活性及活性激发的特点,提出将钛矿渣和固硫灰复掺做水泥混合材制备复合水泥,对所制备复合水泥的基本物理性能、与外加剂相容性及水化放热特性进行了研究。结果表明：将钛矿渣和固硫灰以2∶1的质量比替代硅酸盐水泥熟料后共磨,所制备的水泥安定性合格,凝结时间正常,标准稠度用水量优良;与外加剂的适应性好,强度随混合材掺量的增加而降低,随粉磨时间的增加而增加;在替代40%熟料情况下可制得符合P·C42.5R强度指标的水泥。钛矿渣的引入改善了单掺固硫灰SO3含量高、水化放热大的缺点,有利于复合水泥在工程中的应用。     

普通硅酸盐水泥基矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

本文研究了普通硅酸盐水泥掺量及不同种类和掺量的矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响.结果表明普通硅酸盐水泥掺量小于60％时,普硅水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥体系(OPC-SAC体系)的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而降低,普通硅酸盐水泥掺量大于60％时,OPC-SAC体系的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而增大.并且对早期强度的影响较大.在硫铝酸盐水泥体系中掺入矿渣、粉煤灰和硅灰时,其胶砂强度随着掺量的增加而降低,在相同掺量下,矿物掺合料对强度的贡献率为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰,对凝结时间的影响强弱为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰.     

化学激发固硫灰/矿渣地聚物的体积稳定性与强度

试验以固硫灰、矿渣为前驱体,以碳酸盐为激发剂,制备了固硫灰/矿渣地聚物.研究了激发剂用量、固硫灰/矿渣复合比例对所制备地聚物的体积稳定性及强度的影响,并结合XRD、IR等微观测试手段分析了地聚物的体积变形及强度变化规律.研究结果表明:干燥环境下,化学激发固硫灰地聚物的体积变形表现为收缩;化学激发固硫灰地聚物的干燥收缩随激发剂掺量增加而降低;化学激发固硫灰地聚物的强度随激发剂掺量增加而增长;矿渣的复合对化学激发固硫灰的强度有增强效果;固硫灰-矿渣复合地聚物的强度随矿渣复合比例增加而增加;固硫灰-矿渣复合地聚物的干燥收缩随矿渣复合比例的增加而增加.     

循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料的早期水化特点

研究了大掺量循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料的物理力学性能,以及其早期水化放热特点和水化产物。研究结果表明:利用掺量为30%～60%固硫灰制备的复合胶凝材料满足32.5、42.5强度等级水泥标准;固硫灰复合胶凝材料的标准稠度比水泥的标准稠度大,且随着固硫灰用量的增加标准稠度增加,同时凝结时间变长;与P.O42.5水泥相比,循环流化床固硫灰复合胶凝材料水化的诱导期较长,水化放热速率明显变小,水化热较低。     

超磨细石灰石粉高强混凝土的研究

本文研究了用不同细度的磨细石灰石粉作掺合料配制高强混凝土时,石粉对混凝土性能的影响.试验表明,当石灰石粉足够细并且掺量适当时,可以产生微晶核效应,促进水泥的水化,同时在混凝土的水泥产物中形成大量的AFt,与C-S-H凝胶交织在一起,对提高混凝土强度和改善混凝土脆性起到显著作用.超磨细石灰石粉通过分散效应和微集料效应等,对混凝土具有增塑、保塑和减水的作用.     

半干法脱硫灰对水泥性能的影响

研究了半干法脱硫灰对水泥凝结时间、水化放热速率和强度的影响。结果表明:半干法脱硫灰对水泥凝结时间有延长作用。当半干法脱硫灰掺量低于水泥用量的4%时,水泥的凝结时间随其掺量的增加而逐渐延长;反之,当半干法脱硫灰掺量高于水泥用量的4%时,水泥的凝结时间随其掺量的增加相对会变短;随着半干法脱硫灰掺量的增加,水泥的诱导期均不同程度得到延长。当其掺量高于4%时,会降低水泥水化放热速率;水泥的强度会随着半干法脱硫灰掺量的增加而逐渐降低。     

CSA水泥作为矿物外加剂对硅酸盐水泥性能及水化的影响

以三种不同粒度的硫铝酸盐水泥(CSA水泥)为矿物外加剂,研究了CSA水泥粒度、掺量对硅酸盐水泥(PC)物理性能、水化过程及水化产物性能的影响.研究表明:CSA水泥的掺量与粒度同时影响PC的凝结时间及标准稠度用水量;当CSA水泥掺量较低(1％)时,PC抗压强度有所提高;CSA水泥缩短PC水化诱导期,促进早期水化,降低C3S的水化速率,加快AFt向AFm转化;CSA水泥增加了早期水泥硬化浆体的孔隙率、累计孔体积及最可几孔径,但对后期硬化浆体的影响不大;而AFt与CH的形貌如短针状AFt及大尺寸六方板状CH不利于晶体的连生与结合,对强度的影响较大.     

NaOH掺量对固硫灰基地质聚合物强度影响研究

本文以循环流化床锅炉固硫灰为原料,利用NaOH和水玻璃的复合碱性激发剂制备地质聚合物,研究NaOH掺量对固硫灰基地质聚合物强度及结构的影响.结果表明:随着NaOH掺量的增加,地质聚合物的强度呈先增长后降低的趋势.当NaOH/ash在2.5～ 3.1 mol/kg之间时,固硫灰基地质聚合物的强度达到最高.当NaOH/ash大于3.1 mol/kg时,随NaOH掺量增加,地质聚合物强度下降,Si-O-Al或Si-O-Si主要特征峰位置向低波数转变.     

Utilization of fly ash coming from a CFBC boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke in Portland cement

Fly ash coming from a circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke (CFBC fly ash) is very different from coal ash from traditional pulverized fuel firing due to many differences in their combustion processes, and thus they have different effects on the properties of Portland cement. The influences of CFBC fly ash on the strength, setting time, volume stability, water requirement for normal consistency, and hydration products of Portland cement were investigated. The results showed that CFBC fly ash had a little effect on the strength of the Portland cement when its content was below 20%, but the strength decreased significantly if the ash content was over 20%. The water requirement for normal consistency of cement increased from 1.8% to 3.2% (absolute increment value) with an addition of 10% CFBC fly ash; and the free lime (f-CaO) content of CFBC fly ash affected the value of increasing. The setting time decreased with an increase of CFBC fly ash content. The volume stability of the cement was qualified even when the content of SO₃ and f-CaO reached 4.48% and 3.0% in cement, respectively. The main hydration productions of cement with CFBC fly ash were C-S-H (hydrated calcium silicate), AFt (ettringite), and portlandite.     

基于不同粒径分布的低熟料矿渣水泥水化特征和孔结构特性

低熟料矿渣水泥(LSC)是一种水泥熟料用量低,主要由粒化高炉矿渣和石膏组成的水硬性胶凝材料.本文研究水泥不同粒径分布(对应比表面积分别为358 m2/kg、450 m2/kg和516 m2/kg)对低熟料矿渣水泥的抗压强度、电阻率和水化热、水化产物、孔结构的影响.结果表明,当比表面积从358 m2/kg增加到450 m2/kg可以提高低熟料矿渣水泥浆体的抗压强度,当从450 m2/kg增加至516 m2/kg时,强度提高甚微.低熟料矿渣水泥主要的水化产物是钙矾石和水化硅酸钙,增加水泥细度导致放热速率明显加快,电阻率变化曲线的下降段持续时间明显缩短,因而会产生更多的钙矾石.水泥细度增加,浆体的凝胶孔的体积分数增大,大孔减少,进一步提高浆体的密实度.     

Hydration of fly ash-portland cements

Hydration products of fly ash-portland cements were studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a continuing research effort to understand the pozzolanic activity of fly ashes. It was found that the amount of calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement pastes is diminished due to the addition of fly ash to the cement. Ettringite was produced in the early age, and the consumption of sulfate by the formation of ettringite was accelerated by the addition of fly ash. A partial conversion of ettringite to monosulfate within the first 7 days of hydration in the fly ash-portland cement pastes, but the formation of ettringite continued to form up to at least 28 days of hydration in the pastes without fly ash. Examination of the fly ash bearing pastes showed, in all cases, varying amounts of calcium hydroxide and unreacted portland cement, with minor quartz and gehlenite hydrate. It appears that hydration reactions actually occur in the fly ash cement pastes more or less on a particle-by-particle basis.     

In situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of the early age hydration of cements blended with zeolitite and quartzite fines and water-reducing agent

A comparison was made between the early-age hydration of cements blended with micronized zeolitite and quartzite powders. The Portland cement replacement in the mixes was 30%, and the effect of introducing a superplasticiser to lower the required water to solid ratio was assessed. The cement pastes were hydrated at 40 °C and monitored in situ by time-resolved synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction combined with Rietveld quantitative phase analysis.The quantitative evolution of phase weight fractions showed that the addition of the zeolite tuff accelerated the hydration rate of the main C₃S cement component. Blending with the quartzite powder of similar fineness did not affect the C₃S hydration rate. Reduction of the water to solid ratio by introduction of the superplasticiser had a retarding effect on the hydration of the zeolitite-blended cement over the early hydration period up to 3 days.The AFt or ettringite reaction products, formed promptly after the addition of water to the mixtures, underwent a crystal structural modification over the induction period up to 4 to 6 hours of reaction. The continuous contraction of the c-cell parameter and expansion of the a-cell parameter towards the ideal values for AFt or ettringite reflects the structural adaptation of the AFt to the changing availability of sulphate over the course of the first hours of hydration. The observed structural changes were less pronounced in the zeolitite blended cement. This is related to the dilution of the overall sulphate content in the blended cement and highlights the need to control and optimise sulphate additions in blended cements.     

不同掺量非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2 H2 O体系对OPC早期性能的影响及作用机理

研究了不同掺量非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系对OPC净浆凝结时间、流动性和早期抗压强度的影响,通过XRD和SEM对水化产物的物相和形貌进行了表征,并采用量热试验对其水化历程进行了分析。结果表明：非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系掺量为5%,非晶态C12 A7与CaSO4·2H2 O的质量比为1.0∶1.0时,非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系能够促进C3 S和C2 S的水化,生成C-S-H凝胶相互交织搭接形成网络结构而促进凝结;同时也促使OPC水化早期产生大量针状晶体钙矾石,钙矾石与前期生成的C-S-H凝胶相互填充,使水化产物结构密实,提高早期强度。     

Improvement on sulfate resistance of blended cement with high alumina slag

This paper is focused on the effect of limestone and calcium sulfate content on sulfate resistance of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) blended cement. Sulfate resistance was evaluated using ASTM C 1012, and a variety of mechanisms of the sulfate resistance of GGBS blended cement were revealed by the analyses of hydration products and sulfate ion ingress. Although GGBS suppresses sulfate ion ingress, it is probable that alumina in GGBS tends to form ettringite with externally supplied sulfate ions. Addition of limestone and increase in calcium sulfate content allow both monocarboaluminate and ettringite to form prior to immersion in sulfate solution. These hydration products remain in the hardened cement matrix and act to suppress further formation of ettringite with external sulfate ions during immersion in sulfate solution. GGBS blended cement with a suitable amount of limestone powder and a controlled content of calcium sulfate exhibits markedly long term sulfate resistance.     

锂盐对硼砂在硫铝酸盐水泥中作用的影响

在硫铝酸盐水泥实际工程应用中,硼砂作为常用的缓凝剂,容易导致硫铝酸盐水泥过度缓凝,为了更好调控水泥的凝结时间,本文研究了锂盐对硼砂在硫铝酸盐水泥中作用的影响,主要从凝结时间、抗压强度、水化产物方面进行了分析.结果表明:当硼砂掺量为0.1％(质量分数,下同)时,氢氧化锂能明显缩短硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间,降低水泥的抗压强度...     

海水环境下矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥的水化影响

研究了海水环境下掺入硅灰、粉煤灰、矿渣对硫铝酸盐水泥抗压强度、化学收缩和水化产物的影响规律.结果表明:当硅灰的掺量为2.5%时,水泥浆体的抗压强度比空白组高.矿渣掺量为10%的水泥浆体28 d抗压强度明显超过掺入硅灰和粉煤灰时的强度,60 d强度高于空白组.掺入2.5%硅灰后,水泥浆体的化学收缩增大;在水化早期,粉煤灰和矿渣的火山灰活性很低,导致水泥浆体的化学收缩降低.掺入10%硅灰加快了硫铝酸盐水泥3 d水化反应,钙矾石生成量增多,水泥浆体早期强度比掺其它掺合料有所提高,但体积过快膨胀会破坏其内部结构,对水泥浆体的强度发展不利.     

Influence of fly ash fineness on strength, drying shrinkage and sulfate resistance of blended cement mortar

In this paper, the influence of fineness of fly ash on water demand and some of the properties of hardened mortar are examined. In addition to the original fly ash (OFA), five different fineness values of fly ash were obtained by sieving and by using an air separator. Two sieves, Nos. 200 and 325, were used to obtain two lots of graded fine fly ash. For the classification using air separator, the OFA was separated into fine, medium and coarse portions. The fly ash dosage of 40% by weight of binder was used throughout the experiment. From the tests, it was found that the compressive strength of mortar depended on the fineness of fly ash. The strength of mortar containing fine fly ash was better than that of OFA mortar at all ages with the very fine fly ash giving the highest strength. The use of all fly ashes resulted in significant improvement in drying shrinkage with the coarse fly ash showing the least improvement owing primarily to the high water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mix. Significant improvement of resistance to sulfate expansion was obtained for all fineness values except for the coarse fly ash where greater expansion was observed. The resistance to sulfuric acid attack was also improved with the incorporation of all fly ashes. In this case the coarse fly ash gave the best performance with the lowest rate of the weight loss owing probably to the better bonding of the coarse fly ash particles to the cement matrix and less hydration products. It is suggested that the fine fly ash is more reactive and its use resulted in a denser cement matrix and better mechanical properties of mortar.     

不同细度水泥的水化特性及其对水泥砂浆自愈合性能的影响

研究了不同细度水泥的水化热、水化产物和力学性能,以及水泥细度和养护条件对预制裂缝的水泥砂浆强度恢复率和裂缝愈合的影响.结果表明:随着水泥比表面积增大,水泥水化放热量峰值越高,相同龄期下的水化程度越高;预制裂缝试块在自然养护、标准养护和水中养护90 d后的强度恢复率呈现出来相似的规律,均随着细度增加而逐渐减小;比表面积为254 m2/kg和407 m2/kg的水泥制成的砂浆试块,预制裂缝的初始最大宽度都为0.070 mm,前者水中养护90 d后裂缝基本愈合;而后者的裂缝愈合率只有57.1%.