120 K温区混合工质采用带预冷的分凝循环林德制冷机的实验研究

提出了利用带预冷的分凝循环林德制冷系统获得了120 K温区的制冷方案。建立了实验装置,进行了不同配比的三元混合工质(R23/R14/R740)的制冷循环的性能实验。实验结果表明:三元混合工质(R23/R14/R740)较好的配比为:0.63:0.28:0.09,在无热负荷时,制冷温度为123 K时,降温时间为3 h。     

R290/CO2复叠式制冷系统的性能实验

通过对R290／C02复叠式制冷系统的性能实验，对低温循环用CO2作为制冷工质，高温循环分别用R22和R290为制冷工质的性能进行比较，结果表明，随着蒸发温度的升高，冷凝温度的降低，R290／CO2复叠式制冷系统的最佳质量流量比增大，COP增加。随着高温循环压缩机入口温度的升高，R290压缩机的功耗略高于R22压缩机的功耗，R290循环的COPh要高于R22循环的COPh。结果表明自然工质R290／CO2复叠式制冷系统具有很好的发展前景。     

带回热两级喷射制冷循环的特性分析

为了提高喷射制冷系统的性能系数,建立了双热源驱动的带回热两级喷射制冷循环的理论计算模型。以纯工质R236fa为研究对象,讨论回热对单工质两级喷射制冷系统性能的影响,并与传统单级喷射系统性能进行比较。最后利用?分析比较传统单级系统和新型两级喷射系统的?损情况。研究结果表明,在相同工况下,当系统采用单工质时,加回热的系统性能更优,系统的性能系数可以提高约15%~20%,相对于传统的单级系统可以提高50%以上,其?效率相对传统单级喷射系统更具明显优势。     

非共沸混合工质单级压缩回热循环实验研究

针对非共沸混合制冷工质单级压缩回热制冷循环,分析了LHR循环的特点及主要研究问题。根据非共沸混合制冷工质的特性,讨论并选取了适合于-70℃低温冷柜的混合制冷工质R23和R600a。利用制冷工质物性分析软件NIST Refprop 8.0初步研究了不同配比时制冷系统的特性,然后通过实验方法从不同角度分析混合制冷工质的配比对系统性能的影响,最终得到比较合理的混合制冷工质R23/R600a组分比例3:7。同时分析了该配比下制冷压缩机排气温度、压比、低温冷柜内温度等的变化特点,最后对蒸发器的温度变化特性和回热器的温度变化特性进行了总结。     

制冷工质引射式减压原理及其技术应用

分析常规蒸气压缩制冷系统存在的不足,介绍引射式减压原理,并将其技术应用于制冷(热泵)循环系统,提出新型压缩/喷射制冷循环系统。对改进后的新型制冷系统进行热力学分析,结合制冷工质R134a的制冷工况特性,得出改进后新型制冷系统的优越性能,即提高制冷系统的能量利用效率。对制冷和空调系统节能研究具有一定的指导意义。     

环保型低温制冷系统的性能实验

对环保型R290/CO2复叠式低温制冷系统的性能进行实验,得出R290循环的COP要比CO2循环的COP高,CO2压缩机的吸气温度对CO2压缩机排气温度的影响较明显.CO2低温循环中,随着温度的降低,制冷工质的粘性对管路的流动阻力损失影响不大.制冷系统的压力和流量的稳定性非常好,温度的稳定性能够满足实验精度要求.     

-60℃水冷自复叠制冷系统研究

提出一种新型水冷自复叠制冷循环方式,用冷凝分离器代替传统循环的冷凝器和相分离器,在冷凝分离器中同时完成了高沸点工质的冷凝及高沸点工质与低沸点工质的分离。对采用这种冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环方式的R22/R23、R290/R170、R134a/R23、R134a/R170四种工质对进行了循环特性研究。在自行搭建的水冷自复叠制冷系统实验台上进行了R22/R23、R134a/R23两种工质对的实验研究。结果表明,在相同工况下,R22/R23自复叠制冷系统的COP要高于R134a/R23自复叠制冷系统;和传统的自复叠系统相比,采用冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环COP明显提高,提升率达到60%~100%。     

自然工质在小型超市制冷系统中应用的理论分析

本文对低温级以CO2为工质的超市复叠式制冷系统进行了热力学理论分析,计算了不同蒸发温度、冷凝温度和不同传热温差下的COP,并与传统的超市复叠制冷循环进行对比分析。结果发现自然工质CO2／NH,复叠制冷系统的性能效率为最好,而R290／CO2复叠制冷系统的COP与使用传统工质的相当。因此,将自然环保工质复叠式制冷系统应用于小型超市具有很好的应用前景。     

漫谈太阳能制冷与空调

太阳能取之不竭，用之不尽，对坏境没有污染，是一种最有前途的能源。如今，人们正在考虑利用太阳能制冷，因为在夏季太阳能最丰富的时候，也是人们最需要空调制冷的时候。利用太阳能对房间进行温度调节，首先要解决如何用太阳能制冷的问题。目前，用太阳能制冷主要有三种方法：一是吸收式制冷，即利用太阳辐射热能驱动溴化锂水溶液或氨水溶液的吸收式制冷系统：二是利用太阳能加热通过集热器内的低沸点工质，经汽化后通入汽轮机驱动制冷机制冷.[第一段]     

渔船动力余热制冷技术

渔船通常需要带冰或使用压缩式制冷来满足渔获冷藏保鲜的需要,而渔船发动机尾气中有大量的热能被排放到环境中去,利用渔船发动机尾气余热制冷是一种既经济又节能的好方法。本文介绍了吸附式、吸收式和喷射式三种热能驱动的制冷循环,并针对渔船制冰工况对这三种循环在渔船中应用的优缺点进行了分析;重点讨论了使用喷射式制冷技术对渔船现有压缩式制冷系统进行改造的可行性。研究结果表明,将喷射制冷与压缩制冷结合,可减少渔船制冷系统燃料消耗54.5%,在1年内即可收回改造成本。     

Performance analysis of a combined system for cold and power

This paper presents a theoretical study of a combined thermal system, which combines the Rankine cycle and the ejector refrigeration cycle. This combined cycle produces power and refrigeration simultaneously. The thermal system could use low temperature heat sources. A simulation was carried out to evaluate the cycle performance using several working fluids as R123, R141b, R245fa, R601a and R600a. A one-dimensional mathematical model of the ejector was developed using the equations governing the flow and thermodynamics based on the constant area ejector flow model. The ejector is studied in optimal operating regime. The influence of thermodynamic parameters on system performance is studied. The results show that the condenser temperature, the evaporation temperature, the extraction ratio, the fluid nature and the generating temperature have significant effects on the system performances (the coefficient of performance of the combined cycle and the entrainment ratio of the ejector).     

船用喷射制冷机组的研究及发展现状

船用喷射制冷机组可以有效利用船舶上低品位热能,实现能源的节约和高效利用。简述了喷射制冷的原理,进行了热力学分析,对船用蒸汽喷射制冷机组及余热回收式喷射制冷机组的研究及发展现状进行了分析,并对太阳能等新型喷射制冷机组船用化进行了展望。     

A theoretical study of a novel regenerative ejector refrigeration cycle

There has been a demand for developments of the ejector refrigeration systems using low grade thermal energy, such as solar energy and waste heat. In this paper, a novel regenerative ejector refrigeration cycle was described, which uses an auxiliary jet pump and a conventional regenerator to enhance the performance of the novel cycle. The theoretical analysis on the performance characteristics was carried out for the novel cycle with the refrigerant R141b. Compared with the conventional cycle, the simulation results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the novel cycle increases, respectively, by from 9.3 to 12.1% when generating temperature is in a range of 80–160 °C, the condensing temperature is in a range of 35–45 °C and the evaporating temperature is fixed at 10 °C. Especially due to the enhanced regeneration with increasing the pump outlet pressure, the improvement of COP of the novel cycle is approached to 17.8% compared with that in the conventional cycle under the operating condition that generating temperature is 100 °C, condensing temperature is 40 °C and evaporating temperature is 10 °C. Therefore, the characteristics of the novel cycle performance show its promise in using low grade thermal energy for the ejector refrigeration system.     

Development of a circulating system for a jet refrigeration cycle

This paper proposed a workless-generator-feeding (WGF) system for a jet refrigeration cycle, using R141b. This feeding system does not require any mechanical power. The liquid refrigerant from the condenser was fed to the vapour-generator by means of the generator pressure and gravitational force. The system was tested and compared with a conventional system using a mechanical pump. It was found that this system was workable. The heat input to the generator was slightly higher than that for a system using a mechanical pump. The jet refrigeration cycle employing this new feeding system provided a slightly lower coefficient of performance (COP) compared to a system using a mechanical pump. However, this new system did not require any mechanical energy. Therefore, the jet refrigeration system employing this WGF system is truly a heat-power refrigeration cycle.     

低品位不稳定热源驱动的吸收制冷循环研究

研究低于１００℃不稳定热源驱动的一种改进吸收制冷循环。以ＮＨ３－ＬｉＮＯ３作为工作质量进行了模拟计算,并对两级和三级循环的计算结果进行了分析。结果表明,改进循环能够在低温不稳定热源（６０℃￣１００℃）驱动下稳定的运行,具有较较强的变工况适应能力,并且三级吸收循环可以在－４０℃制冷温度下稳定运行。     

无泵循环喷射式制冷系统比较分析

喷射式制冷系统结构简单、运行可靠,可以利用低品位能源,在倡导节能和可再生能源利用的背景下,格外受到关注。传统的喷射式制冷系统循环需要循环泵,消耗电能,而无泵喷射式制冷系统不仅可以利用低品位能源,还可以应用于一些无电力场合。本文比较几种典型的无泵循环式喷射式制冷系统,分析各自的特点和适用范围。     

双毛细管卧式冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环的有效能分析

针对采用传统蒸气压缩制冷循环的冷藏冷冻箱的冷藏室换热温差大、有效能损失大的缺陷，提出了一种新的串联式双毛细管冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环。该循环系统是在常规的制冷循环的冷藏蒸发器和冷冻蒸发器之间增加一个毛细管，以提高冷藏蒸发温度，从而减少传热温差，进而降低冷藏室的有效能损失。利用PR方程计算制冷剂的热力学性质，编写了蒸气压缩制冷循环的有效能分析程序，分别对传统和新提出的冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环进行了计算。结果表明：传统冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环在制冷剂为R12、R134a时，有效能效率分别为21．20％、20．57％；双毛细管冷藏冷冻箱制冷循环在制冷剂为R12、R134a时，有效能效率分别为23．97％、23．44％；同比提高13．07％和13．95％。     

自动复叠装置的实验研究

介绍了自动复叠制冷系统的工作原理,采用非共沸混合工质R22／R23作制冷工质,经理论计算后确定了混合比,并对自动复叠制冷系统进行了热力计算,搭建了相应的试验装置。经运行调试后,实验台的最低温度达到-53℃,并且箱内温度始终维持在．52℃以下。     

First and second law investigation of waste heat based combined power and ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle

In the proposed cogeneration cycle, a LiBr-H₂O absorption refrigeration system is employed to the combined power and ejector refrigeration system which uses R141b as a working fluid. Estimates for irreversibilities of individual components of the cycle lead to possible measures for performance improvement. Results of exergy distribution of waste heat in the cycle show that around 53.6% of the total input exergy is destroyed due to irreversibilities in the components, 22.7% is available as a useful exergy output, and 23.7% is exhaust exergy lost to the environment, whereas energy distribution shows 44% is exhaust energy and 19.7% is useful energy output. Results also show that proposed cogeneration cycle yields much better thermal and exergy efficiencies than the previously investigated combined power and ejector cooling cycle. Current investigation clearly show that the second law analysis is quantitatively visualizes losses within a cycle and gives clear trends for optimization.     

Working fluids comparison and thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical power and ejector refrigeration cycle (TPERC)

The combined power and cooling cycles driven by waste heat and renewable energy can provide different kinds of energy forms and achieve a higher thermodynamic efficiency. However, only a few researchers have focused on the improvement of temperature matching between the heat source and working fluid. This paper proposes a transcritical power and ejector refrigeration cycle (TPERC) to improve temperature matching between the heat source and working fluid. Based on the modelling of the TPERC system, a comparison of working fluids and the effects of system parameters on the cooling capacity, work output, thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are discussed. The results show that of the seven working fluids selected, R1234ze has the largest thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency, principally due to having the highest critical temperature. At the identical turbine back pressure, condensing temperature and evaporation temperature, the turbine inlet temperature and its corresponding generation pressure have little impact on thermal efficiency.