RE-X二元合金相图的热力学数据库

利用CALPHAD方法,采用亚正规溶体模型、亚点阵模型以及理想气体模型来描述RE-X(Ag,Bi,Cr,Mn,Mo,V,Zn)中二元系各相的Gibbs自由能,并结合相平衡及热力学性质的实验结果,对Ag-RE(RE:Sc,Y Nd,Sm,Gd,.Tb,Ho,Er)、Bi-RE(RE:Nd,Tm,Er,Ho,Pr,Gd)、...     

多元光谱拟合ICP-AES法同时测定铂中22个杂质元素

试样用HCl-HNO3溶解,采用多元光谱拟合(MSF)功能ICP-AES法同时测定铂中22个杂质元素:Pd、Rh、Ir、Ru、Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cr、Mg、Cd、Al、Ca、Pb、Sn、Bi、Si、Mo、Ti。对基体铂的影响、MSF功能、元素分析谱线、背景校正、仪器分析参数等进行了研究,确定了最佳实验条件。杂质元素测定范围Ag、Pd、Cu、Cr、Ti、Mn和Mo为0.0004%~0.05%;Rh、Ir、Pb、Fe、Mg、Al、Zn、Si、Bi、Ca、Cd、Sn、Au和Ni为0.0005%~0.05%;Ru为0.001%~0.05%;方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)和加标回收率分别为1.5%~8.1%和85.1%~118.5%。方法准确、快速、简便,已用于铂中杂质元素的分析。     

Effect of Alloying Elements on True-Stress True-Strain Flow Curves of Pearlitic Steel

The effects of additions of alloying elements on the true-stress, true-strain characteristics of 0.30 pet C, 1.00 pet Mn, 0.30 pet Si pearlitic steel were studied. The alloying elements investigated were C, Mn, Si, P, Ni, Cu, V, Mo, Cr, Al, B, S, and Ti. The alloys are compared on the basis of fracture stress, fracture strain, energy to fracture, rate of strain hardening, strain hardening exponent, height of the flow curve, and lower yield point.     

稀土元素在金属材料中的一些物理化学作用

针对不同金属溶液体系，采用了不同的实验方法，研究得到了铁液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ，Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｃ，Ｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ Ｐｂ，Ｐ，Ｃｕ，Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ，Ｖ溶质元素，镍液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ溶质元素，铜液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ溶质元素，铝液中Ｃｅ分别与Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｓ溶质元素构成的６７个三元     

还原、沉淀分离 ICP-AES法测定纯银中20个杂质元素

采用还原、沉淀分离ICP-AES法测定纯银中20个杂质元素:Al、As、Au、Bi、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、 Mg、 Mn、 Ni、Pb、Pt、Pd、Sb、Se、Sn、Te和Zn.方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)和加标回收率分别为0.9%～6.9%和93%～108%;方法准确、快速、简便,已用于纯银中杂质元素的分析.     

特色研究报告：低维电磁功能材料研究进展

电磁功能材料在军事隐身、信息对抗等国防军工以及电磁辐射防护、微波通信等民用技术领域有着广阔的应用前景。特别是,低维电磁功能材料具有独特的电磁特性,在电磁波吸收与屏蔽、通信与成像、传感与检测等方面受到越来越多的关注。总结了曹茂盛研究小组在低维电磁功能材料方面取得的重要研究进展,主要包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳化硅、氧化锌、过渡金属及其化合物、多铁材料等。系统论述了低维材料的电磁响应,包括电荷输运、偶极极化、磁共振、磁涡流等。重点总结了在电磁响应方面提出的重要的模型和公式,包括电子跳跃(EHP)模型、聚集诱导电荷输运(AICT)模型、类电容结构、等效电路模型以及等效串联电路方程和电导网络方程等。揭示了低维材料电磁响应与电磁屏蔽和吸收之间的重要联系,即电磁能量转换机制,包括极化弛豫和电荷输运协同竞争机制以及界面散射、微电流、微天线辐射和介质弛豫的竞争协同作用等。最后,深入剖析了该领域的发展进程,提出了该领域面临的重大挑战,并预测了未来的研究方向。     

湿法制备纳米结构银研究进展

介绍了纳米立方体、三角形纳米棱柱、纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管、树枝状、片状、纳米盘、纳米带等纳米结构银的制备方法,包括溶液还原沉淀法、光诱导转化法、辐射还原法、电化学沉积法、模板法、微波或超声波辅助法、水热法、微乳液法等.并对纳米结构银制备方法存在的问题进行了分析.     

钽中杂质元素分析的DCA全谱直读方法研究

原子发射光谱中直流电弧光谱技术在众多粉末材料的检测中具有许多其它技术难以企及的优势,本试验无需样品分解,直接将钽及其化合物转化为氧化物,配制系列氧化钽光谱标样,通过选择采用94%光谱纯碳粉同6%氟化钠混合做载体,15 A分析电流,运用载体分馏效应,用直流电弧阳极激发,电极中实现杂质元素与基体分馏,依据时序分析和扫描峰,确定元素分析波长、元素积分时间、背景扣除点,建立Ta中Fe、Al、Si、Mn、Mg、Ni、Ti、V、Co、Pb、Bi、Sn、Zr、Sb、Cu、Ca、Cr、Nb、Mo、Y、Ga、Ba、In、Ag、As、Re、Zn、Hf、Cd、Te等30种杂质元素同时测定的分析方法,测定范围0.3⁶00μg/g,加标回收率在93%600μg/g,加标回收率在93%¹15%之间,RSD在6%115%之间,RSD在6%²0%之间。     

ICP-AES法测定Pd-Ag合金中的杂质元素

采用氢氧化钇共沉淀及氯化银沉淀法将合金成份Pd、Ag与被测杂质元素分离,研究了Pd—Ag合金中Pb、Sb、Bi、As、Sn、In、Al、Fe、V、Zr、Cr、Be、Cu、Ni、Ca、Mg、Co、Pt、Ir、Au、Zn、Cd等22个杂质元素的ICP—AES测定方法。相对标准偏差为0.41～5.6％。     

Review of the Asia-Pacific Die Casting Industry Exhibition''2005

The Asian-Pacific Die Casting Industry Exhibition'2005 was held in INTEX Shanghai, China on August 13-17, 2005, and the China Die Casting Industry Development Supreme Forum'2005 was held in Shanghai Mart on August 15. This Exhibition was in a large scale and had abundant contents, far beyond all the past die casting exhibitions. The exhibition areas approached 6 000 m2. The exhibitors came from twelve countries and regions such as Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Spain, USA, Canada, Japan,Singapore, China, Chinese Hong Kong and Chinese Taiwan. There were more than 100 exhibition booths. Die casting machines, die castings, dies, die lubricants and spraying equipment, robots,holding & dosing furnaces, cleaning equipment, and other peripheral equipment were exhibited. In addition, alloys, simulation softwares for dies and die casting processes, detection instruments,and infiltration equipment were also exhibited. Up to 5 000 persons visited the Exhibition.     

The mineral base and productive capacities of metals and non-metals of Kosovo

All historical periods of Kosovo—Ilirik, Roman, Medieval, Turkish, and former Yugoslavian—are linked with the intensive development of mining and metallurgy. This activity influenced and still is influencing the overall position of Kosovo as a country. For example, according to a 2006 World Bank report as well as other studies, Kosovo has potential lignite resources (geological reserves) of about 1.5 billion tonnes, which are ranked fifth in the world in importance. Other significant Kosovan mineral resources include lead, zinc, gold, silver, bauxite, and uranium, and rare metals accompanying those minerals, including indium, cadmium, thallium, gallium, and bismuth. These rare metals are of particular importance in developing advanced industrial technologies. Kosovo also has reserves of high-quality non-metals, including magnesite, quartz grit, bentonite, argil, talc, and asbestos. No database exists for these non-metal reserves, and further research and studies are needed.     

等离子喷涂熔滴快速撞击基体非稳态凝固行为研究进展

涂层成形过程中的缺陷含量、残余应力、沉积效率、组织结构及力学性能等指标均会随着工艺参数与基体预处理状态的不同而发生显著变化,因而需要从更加微观的角度深入理解等离子喷涂涂层的微观构筑过程,即单个熔滴的铺展凝固现象。本研究分别从熔滴凝固的类型与机理、不同因素对熔滴凝固过程的影响及凝固斑点形态的定量表征方法 3个方面详细综述了等离子喷涂熔滴撞击基体快速凝固过程的研究现状。结果表明,熔滴的铺展形态主要可以分为5类,包括圆盘型、破碎型、放射型、花瓣型及气泡型,影响铺展过程的因素主要包括熔滴特性(速度、温度、粒径、材料属性、熔化状态等)与基体状态(表面粗糙形貌、表面化学状态、吸附物及冷凝物、界面润湿性及接触热阻等)2大类,综合采用一系列参数对熔滴铺展几何形态进行表征,可实现熔滴沉积质量的定量评价。     

IFHTSE 19th Congress

Abstract

The 19th Congress of the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering was held at the Grand Central Hotel, Glasgow, Scotland on 17–20 October 2011. In addition to participants from UK companies and universities, a further 29 countries were represented in the attendance list: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, and the USA.     

基于偏最小二乘模型的奥氮平血药达峰浓度与个体内在因素的相关性研究

目的 探讨奥氮平血药达峰浓度(C_max)与个体内在因素的相关性。方法 采用LC-MS/MS测定20名健康志愿者奥氮平的C_max,采用偏最小二乘回归方法(PLS)分析C_max与个体内在因素包括年龄、体重指数(BMI)、白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HB)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等的相关性。结果 通过PLS分析结果表明:C_max与BMI、WBC 、BUN、TP、ALT 呈正相关;与RBC、PLT、HB、Cr、ALB、AKP呈负相关,其中与BMI、WBC、RBC、BUN、TP相关性最强。预测建模分析显示,模型拟合效果较好,可以作为预测奥氮平体内C_max的参考指标。结论 个体内在因素影响奥氮平的C_max,可以为临床个体化用药提供参考。     

声发射检测技术在中国——庆祝中国机械工程学会无损检测分会成立三十周年

声发射检测技术是一种动态无损检测技术,具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了我国声发射检测技术的发展历程、相关标准、人员培训、仪器和软件的发展概况。综述了我国声发射检测技术在压力容器、常压储罐、压力管道和阀门、转动机械、机械加工、航空航天、大型水坝、大型变压器、复合材料、木质材料和岩石等方面的研究与应用现状。此外还介绍了我国声发射专业委员会组织全国声发射学术会议和仪器展示等活动的情况。     

智能表面工程

表面工程自其诞生以来,经历了从传统表面工程向复合表面工程、纳米表面工程及表面工程自动化的发展,正在信息技术、生物技术、纳米科技等前沿领域中萌生。随着智能时代的来临,智能表面工程应运而生。智能表面工程是对摩擦表面赋予智能调控性能,使之具有自感知、自适应、自愈合能力,从而实现摩擦学行为的智能控制。介绍皮肤自感知、关节自感知、消化道自适应和表皮自愈合等人体表面智能性,触屏自感知表面、损伤自感知表面、摩擦自感知表面和触压自感知表面等自感知表面创新,自适应表面变色、自适应调光涂层、自适应疏水涂层、自清洁除尘表面、自适应隐身表面、自硬化耐磨表面和自减摩超滑表面等自适应表面创新,植物自愈合、自愈合聚合物膜、自愈合导电皮肤、自愈合离子皮肤、自修复防腐涂层、自愈合蛋白质体、自愈合关节软骨和自愈合磨损划痕等自愈合表面创新。以往的表面工程是对材料表面强化以提高其物理、化学、力学性能的技术和方法,而智能表面工程则是赋予材料表面自润滑、自抗磨、自耐蚀、自修复等功能的智能表面技术和方法。未来的智能装备离不开摩擦智能,摩擦智能必须有智能表面。智能表面制造须要深入研究仿生科学与表面工程技术交叉融合,因此在摩擦学、仿生...     

Cognitive instabilities under contention,friction, and the fog-of-war challenge the AI revolution

The asymptotic limit theorems of information theory, and related formalism from punctuated equilibrium evolutionary theory, allow exploration of the dynamics of real-time, multi-component, hierarchical, cognitive enterprises – institutional, machine, or man/machine hybrid – under constraints of time, material resources, internal communication, situational awareness, and adversarial intent. Surprisingly direct argument shows such enterprises can almost always be confounded by an opponent with comparatively limited resources, provided it has sufficient situational understanding, adaptive capacity, and resolve. Consequently, there can be no free lunch for AI combat systems, driverless cars on intelligent roads, or other such entities, tasked with the control of real-time critical processes. Intelligent adversaries, resource limitations, “design flaws”, inattentional blindness, command stupidity, coevolutionary dynamics, and the like confront all real-time, multi-component cognitive processes. AI systems will not be spared simply by being labelled “high tech” in marketing campaigns.     

Thermodynamic Database and the Phase Diagrams of the (U,Th, Pu)-X Binary Systems

A thermodynamic database for nuclear materials, including U-Th, U-Pu, Th-Pu, and (U, Th, Pu)-X (X = Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Si, Ta, W, Zr) binary system has been developed by the Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) method. Thermodynamic parameters describing Gibbs free energies of different phases have been evaluated by optimizing experimental data on phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties. The present thermodynamic database can provide much-needed information such as stable and metastable phase equilibria, phase fractions, and various thermodynamic quantities that is important to the design of nuclear materials. This database is also an essential starting point to construct thermodynamic databases for the multicomponent systems.     

ICP-MS法测定高纯钯中18个痕量杂质元素

以混合酸(盐酸-硝酸)溶解高纯钯样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定高纯钯中18个杂质元素的方法。确定了最佳测定条件为:采用普通模式测定Pt、Rh、Ir、Ru、Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Mg、Al、Sn和Pb,氨气反应模式测定Si、Fe和Cr(氨气流速分别为0.2、0.3和0.7 mL/min);采用内标校正提高分析的准确性,其中Mg、Al、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Ag、Rh、Ru和Si以Sc为内标,Fe以Y为内标,Sn、Cr和Pb以In为内标,Ir、Au、Bi、Pt以Re为内标。测定各元素的线性相关系数(r)不小于0.9997,方法检出限为0.0061~0.85 ng/mL。对高纯钯样品中18个杂质元素进行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.38%~6.11%,加标回收率86.2%~118.8%,可满足4N~5N高纯钯产品的测定要求。     

我国铸造装备的创新、智能、绿色发展之路

从企业数量、装备技术、装备质量、安全措施、装备价格、使用寿命等方面介绍了我国铸造装备的现状,又从熔化、造型、制芯、砂处理、清理、物流、管理、环保、节能等方面介绍了铸造装备的创新、智能、绿色情况,最后提出我国铸造装备的“规、新、专”三字发展之路,希望能对铸造装备行业的发展起到一定的推动作用。