工业机器人圆周铺料路径规划研究

针对工业机器人圆周铺料作业需求,研究了现有的避障路径规划方法。分析了末端操作手在凹形障碍物中的自由运动空间,改进了A*算法的估价函数,设计了关于姿态角的估计路径耗费,并将估价函数引入RRT算法中,同时提出了基于RRT思想的A*算法。最后,通过仿真实验验证了改进后算法的可行性,并对比了各算法的执行效率。     

面向改进RRT算法的回转空间布线技术研究

为解决回转空间下曲率变化大、线缆搜索效率低等问题,提出一种面向改进RRT算法的线缆路径规划的方法.通过对回转空间建模和布线空间划分进行研究,减少了不必要的搜索空间,提高了搜索效率.为解决RRT算法中采样点和扩展方向随机性过强的问题,避免节点"斜跨"表面敷设过大,提出了轴向约束角度采样策略,同时为提高算法整体搜索效率,提...     

多品种小批量快速智能焊接规划系统设计

针对多品种、小批量机械产品快速制造技术是目前制约个性化制造的瓶颈问题,提出将快速扩展随机树(RRT)算法用于焊接路径的规划设计,建立了复杂部件的快速焊接规划方法和适应于快速焊接的任务分配器。以移动焊件距离最小和焊接机械手臂从一点出发能最大限度地完成多条焊缝焊接作业为前提,建立了基于RRT算法的运动路径规划器,该规划器能在最短时间内规划出从焊缝焊接起点到焊缝焊接终点的最优无碰撞路径,其焊接任务分配速率和路径规划速率较传统的焊接方法提高5倍左右。     

基于改进RRT算法的冗余机械臂路径规划研究

针对RRT算法在机械臂路径规划的过程中无方向性,在无障碍物处产生过多无用节点的问题,采用目标偏置、双向分段搜索的策略对RRT算法进行改进,提出了具有导向性的双向分段搜索的改进RRT算法并应用于七自由度冗余机械臂的路径规划上,通过Matlab进行了三维环境路径规划仿真实验,并通过ROS平台进行冗余机械臂在简单环境与狭窄环境的避障仿真实验。实验结果表明,改进的RRT算法能够有效地减少路径的节点数量与搜索时间,并提高路径规划的成功率。     

改进RRT算法的无人驾驶车辆路径规划研究

针对基础快速扩展随机树（Rapidly-exploring Random Trees,RRT）应用于无人驾驶车辆路径规划时缺乏导向性，收敛速度慢，路径平滑性差及规划结果并非最优解等问题，提出了一种基于RRT的路径规划改进算法。首先，设计了启发式采样策略：提出基于权重分配的目标指向的局部扩展方式，解决了节点盲目扩展的问题，避免了因目标偏向而出现路径陷入局部最小值的情况，并通过设置转角阈值约束节点转角范围，同时采用变步长采样策略，提高了算法局部避障能力；其次，对已得路径进行后处理：提出了节点优化策略，并用B样条曲线进行路径拟合，实现了路径长度的优化并满足平滑性要求，路径末端与目标点采用Reeds-Shepp曲线连接，解决了车辆抵达目标点时的航向问题。最后利用Matlab软件，将改进算法与基础RRT及其衍生算法进行了对比分析，验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性。     

一种IPRRT的机械臂三维路径避障算法

标准RRT(Rapidly exploring random tree)算法进行路径规划时,存在规划时间长、规划路径质量差的问题。针对以上问题,提出一种IPRRT算法（Improved RRT algorithm）,首先通过重选父节点环节策略剔除冗余路段,区域排斥机制剔除冗余节点,缩短规划路径与规划时间;其次采用线段转角限位与评估函数提升路径质量,最后采用三次Hermite曲线对路径进行平滑处理;通过对深海机械臂进行仿真实验,验证了IPRRT算法的有效性。     

DP-B样条移动机器人路径光滑算法

针对快速扩展随机树算法(RRT)产生的路径冗余点过多与路径转折点较多的问题,提出了一种基于Douglas-Peucker算法及B样条函数的路径光滑算法。首先,利用Douglas-Peucker(DP)算法从RRT算法产生的路径节点中提取出若干节点作为关键路标;然后,采用B样条函数拟合关键路标,得到一条曲率连续的光滑路径,实现规划路径的光滑化。通过在不同环境中进行实验和与其他路径光滑算法实验进行对比,结果表明,该算法能够明显缩短优化路径的路径长度,明显减少优化路径转折次数,大幅度提升优化路径的光滑度,有利于减少机器人在单次航程中的能量消耗,完成更多任务,有效提升机器人的工作效率。     

Computational path planner for product assembly in complex environments

Assembly path planning is a crucial problem in assembly related design and manufacturing processes. Sampling based motion planning algorithms are used for computational assembly path planning. However, the performance of such algorithms may degrade much in environments with complex product structure, narrow passages or other challenging scenarios. A computational path planner for automatic assembly path planning in complex 3D environments is presented. The global planning process is divided into three phases based on the environment and specific algorithms are proposed and utilized in each phase to solve the challenging issues. A novel ray test based stochastic collision detection method is proposed to evaluate the intersection between two polyhedral objects. This method avoids fake collisions in conventional methods and degrades the geometric constraint when a part has to be removed with surface contact with other parts. A refined history based rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm which bias the growth of the tree based on its planning history is proposed and employed in the planning phase where the path is simple but the space is highly constrained. A novel adaptive RRT algorithm is developed for the path planning problem with challenging scenarios and uncertain environment. With extending values assigned on each tree node and extending schemes applied, the tree can adapts its growth to explore complex environments more efficiently. Experiments on the key algorithms are carried out and comparisons are made between the conventional path planning algorithms and the presented ones. The comparing results show that based on the proposed algorithms, the path planner can compute assembly path in challenging complex environments more efficiently and with higher success. This research provides the references to the study of computational assembly path planning under complex environments.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.