表面微纳结构的特殊功能及制备方法研究进展

通过构建表面微纳结构和制备纳米涂层可使材料表面获得特殊功能。主要综述了表面微纳结构的特殊功能和制备表面微纳结构和纳米涂层的主要方法和加工技术。首先,介绍了表面微纳结构在超疏水、光学超透镜和减摩耐磨方面的应用;其次,分别阐述了光刻技术、激光加工技术、自组装技术、增材制造技术(3D打印)、沉积法和溶胶凝胶法等表面微纳结构和纳米涂层的加工方法的研究进展;最后,总结了表面微纳结构及纳米涂层的不同制备方法存在的问题和发展趋势。     

飞秒激光直写诱导PMN-PT晶体表面LIPSS结构相变特性

本文提出一种由飞秒激光直写技术诱导的基于弛豫铁电体PMN-PT晶体的表面周期结构(LIPSS),通过不同激光参数的改变,实现了LIPSS结构周期从750 nm到3μm的变化。最后,通过升高温度探究了LIPSS结构的相变特性。对比基底的相变特性,飞秒激光诱导的LIPSS结构的居里温度有明显的降低,这一特性将会为基于PMN-PT晶体的温控调制器的制备提供新思路。     

微纳加工技术在包装防伪中的应用研究进展

目的 对国内外微纳加工技术在包装防伪中的应用研究进行梳理,帮助相关行业从业者更清晰、全面地了解当前微纳加工技术包装防伪领域的发展和应用现状,推动微纳加工技术在该领域的推广应用。方法 本文将相关研究大致分为微纳加工技术在新型防伪标签的制备、新型防伪材料制备和数字防伪领域的应用研究等3个方面,并对相关研究概况、关键科学技术实现方法以及核心防伪机理进行梳理,分析微纳加工技术应用于包装防伪中的优缺点和发展趋势,聚焦复合防伪技术的挑战和未来发展方向。结论 国内外研究综述表明,微纳加工技术的快速发展为防伪技术提供了一种全新的技术和方法,微纳加工技术与信息技术等构成的复合防伪技术更是表现出了巨大的商业化应用潜力。但目前微纳加工技术在包装防伪中的应用还处于初级阶段,大部分实验室成果在面临产业化落地时仍受到成本、可靠性等因素的限制。未来在如何满足精度要求的同时,进一步降低设备和材料成本,优化工艺流程,还需要进行更深入的探索研究。     

仿生超滑表面的飞秒激光微纳制造及应用

仿猪笼草的超滑表面由于可以抵抗多种液体的粘附,具有优异的稳定性与自修复性,受到越来越广泛的关注.而飞秒激光由于其对加工材料的普适性、高精度,以及高可控性,成为仿生超滑表面制备的有力手段.本文以仿猪笼草的超滑表面为背景,以飞秒激光微加工技术为手段.从超滑表面的飞秒激光微纳制备和应用两个方面,概述了超滑表面的微纳制造和应用...     

飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳结构加工技术

飞秒激光双光子聚合微纳加工技术作为重要的三维微纳结构制备手段,已成为国际前沿研究热点。该技术利用激光与物质相互作用的双光子非线性吸收效应和阈值效应,可以突破经典光学理论衍射极限,实现纳米尺度的激光加工分辨力,在三维功能性微纳器件制备领域正在发挥着十分重要的作用。本文在介绍飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳加工技术的光物理和光化学过程基本原理的基础上,重点回顾人们在改善加工线宽及分辨力、提高加工效率等方面的研究进展与发展概况。该技术所制备的各种微光学器件、集成光学器件、微机电系统以及生物医学器件,不仅充分展示了飞秒激光双光子聚合三维微纳加工技术的高空间分辨力和真三维加工特点,也为其在相关前沿领域的应用提供具有启发性的思路。最后,对该技术实现高精度、高效率、低成本、大面积、多功能的三维微纳结构加工所存在的挑战和未来发展方向,进行了讨论和展望。     

沟槽型微纳复合结构表面的制备与减阻性能研究

沟槽微结构减阻与疏水表面减阻是两种有效的水下减阻技术。将两种典型的减阻技术进行联合协同,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PETG)基底表面采用激光微刻方法构筑微米级沟槽结构,采用二步喷涂法先后在微沟槽表面覆盖环氧树脂层与改性的纳米SiO₂颗粒,从而实现沟槽型微纳复合结构表面的制备。利用接触角测量仪、体视显微镜、拖曳式摩擦阻力测试设备对复合结构表面的润湿性、水下气膜状态及水下减阻性能进行表征。结果表明,沟槽型微纳复合结构表面为超疏水表面,液滴在该表面处于“Cassie-Baxter”润湿状态;在水下,复合结构表面具有束缚大尺寸气膜的能力,气膜驻留于表面沟槽之中且促使了表面的水下减阻效果的产生;对比单纯的沟槽微结构表面与喷涂SiO₂颗粒光滑表面,制得的沟槽型复合结构表面在沿垂直于沟槽方向运动时最大减阻率可达20.82%,同时表面气膜的稳定性也最佳。     

激光直写制备金属与碳材料微纳结构与器件研究进展

激光直写技术作为一种新兴的低成本、高效、高精度的加工技术,可以适用于几乎任意自由度的二维或者三维微纳结构快速成型制备.这对光电子以及半导体微纳结构与器件的制备具有重大的意义.金属微纳结构在电子学和光子学中有着广泛的应用.本文综述了激光直写制备金属微纳结构相关研究进展.主要包括激光直写制备金、银、铜以及复合材料微纳结构与...     

纤维素纳米晶结构色薄膜的制备及其性能研究

目的 研究3种不同原材料(桉木漂白硫酸盐浆、长绒棉和短绒棉)制备纤维素纳米晶体(Cellulose Nanocrystals, CNC)薄膜的适合工艺条件及其性能变化规律,为CNC结构色防伪薄膜的研究提供参考。方法 3种不同原材料在各自合适的水解条件下,通过硫酸水解制备CNC悬浮液,测定其粒径及Zeta电位、CNC颗粒的微观形貌。采用蒸发干燥自组装法形成CNC薄膜,测定薄膜的化学结构及晶型、微观结构、力学性能、偏光性能和最大反射波长。结果 3种不同原材料制备的CNC悬浮液稳定性均较好,均保留了纤维素特有的官能团和天然Iβ晶型。随着酸水解时间的增加,CNC粒径均逐渐减小,长径比均为15左右;桉木漂白硫酸盐浆制备的CNC的结晶度低于短绒棉、长绒棉所制的CNC,其制备的CNC薄膜的柔韧性和抗拉强度优于短绒棉、长绒棉所制的薄膜。3种原材料所制CNC薄膜截面均具有胆甾相液晶层状结构,在偏光显微镜下薄膜均具有双折射效应;酸水解时间的增加使得CNC薄膜的螺距逐渐减小,最大反射波长也逐渐减小,薄膜的颜色均发生蓝移;与短绒棉、长绒棉制备的CNC薄膜相比,桉木漂白硫酸盐浆制备的CNC薄膜双折射特性较弱。结论 原材料类型和水解时间对制备的CNC的粒径、结晶度、双折射等特性均产生影响。随着水解时间的增加,CNC薄膜螺距逐渐减小,可在一定范围内调控纤维素纳米晶薄膜的反射波长,从而达到了调节纤维素纳米晶薄膜结构色的目的。纤维素纳米晶材料后期有望应用于防伪包装领域。     

复合材料的切削加工表面结构与表面粗糙度

普通金属材料的切削加工理论表面粗糙度可以用公式计算。复合材料经切削加工后其表面留有各种凹凸缺陷,这些谷峰轮廓并非由刀刃直接切出,故不宜用现有普通材料的公式计算其理论表面粗糙度。纤维增强复合材料的切削加工表面结构和粗糙度与切削方向密切相关。颗粒增强复合材料无方向性,其已加工表面结构和粗糙度主要受增强颗粒硬度和粒度以及含量控制。增强体与基体的界面强度及切削刀具和工艺条件对复合材料加工表面粗糙度有很大影响。      

激光全息术作为防伪手段的潜能与进展

一、引言 激光全息术是继激光器于60年代问世之后迅速发展起来的一种立体照相技术,在图像三维显示、干涉计量和无损探伤等领域得到了成功的应用。70年代,随着激光全息图的大批生产,即模压全息技术的发明,激光全息术成为一种防伪新手段,先后被应用在信用卡、证件和有价证券的防伪范畴。 由于激光全息图像的强烈视觉冲击效果,以及信息显示大容量、多通道和色彩丰富的特点,激光     

Quarter-wave design criteria for omnidirectional structural colors

Structural colors are caused by light interference from periodic multi-layer dielectric stacks and exhibit rich, highly-chromatic colors. However, avoiding a color shift due to angular variation remains a challenge. The design criteria for angle-independent structural colors have been studied by treating a quarter-wave stack of alternating dielectric material layers as a one-dimensional photonic crystal. A refractive index zone has been identified that exhibits narrowband omnidirectionality for structural colors in the visible wavelength range. It was found that a quarter-wave stack of high refractive index (RI) paired-layers (n _H = 2.85 and n _L = 2.5), which have low RI contrast (n _H /n _L = 1.14), is key in fabricating omnidirectional structural color materials. The theoretical predictions discussed here are verified experimentally using a titania/halfnia (TiO₂/HfO₂) multilayer stack.     

多彩结构色氧化铝薄膜氧化机制的研究

在草酸电解液中,球形碳点电极作为阴极,铝箔作为阳极,利用一次氧化工艺成功的制备出了单一色彩和虹彩环形结构色的氧化铝薄膜.实验结果显示,球形碳点电极下制备的氧化铝薄膜厚度由薄膜中心向外呈对称性递减.当薄膜的径向厚度差在某一波长光的覆盖范围内时,薄膜呈现单一结构色,而当径向厚度差超出某一波长光的覆盖范围时,薄膜呈现虹彩环形结构色.本文详细的讨论了电极间距、氧化电压和氧化时间对薄膜结构色的影响,并从理论上分析了球形碳点电极下多孔氧化铝薄膜的氧化机制.     

Response surface approximations for structural optimization

Response surface methodology can be used to construct global and midrange approximations to functions in structural optimization. Since structural optimization requires expensive function evaluations, it is important to construct accurate function approximations so that rapid convergence may be achieved. In this paper techniques to find the region of interest containing the optimal design, and techniques for finding more accurate approximations are reviewed and investigated. Aspects considered are experimental design techniques, the selection of the ‘best’ regression equation, intermediate response functions and the location and size of the region of interest. Standard examples in structural optimization are used to show that the accuracy is largely dependent on the choice of the approximating function with its associated subregion size, while the selection of a larger number of points is not necessarily cost-effective. In a further attempt to improve efficiency, different regression models were investigated. The results indicate that the use of the two methods investigated does not significantly improve the results. Finding an accurate global approximation is challenging, and sufficient accuracy could only be achieved in the example problems by considering a smaller region of the design space. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural colors: from plasmonic to carbon nanostructures

In addition to colorant-based pigmentation, structure is a major contributor to a material's color. In nature, structural color is often caused by the interaction of light with dielectric structures whose dimensions are on the order of visible-light wavelengths. Different optical interactions including multilayer interference, light scattering, the photonic crystal effect, and combinations thereof give rise to selective transmission or reflection of particular light wavelengths, which leads to the generation of structural color. Recent developments in nanofabrication of plasmonic and carbon nanostructures have opened another efficient way to control light properties at the subwavelength scale, including visible-light wavelength selection, which can produce structural color. In this Concept, the most relevant and representative achievements demonstrated over the last several years are presented and analyzed. These plasmonic and carbon nanostructures are believed to offer great potential for high-resolution color displays and spectral filtering applications.     

曲梁周期结构隔振器特性研究

利用曲梁具有径向刚度和切向刚度耦合以及波形转换的特性,设计了具有低频宽频带隙的曲梁周期结构隔振器。该隔振器由多层面板-支撑曲梁结构构成。针对曲梁对边支撑的结构,推导了分析含有内部自由度的周期结构的能带结构以及利用子结构迭代法进行响应求解的一般公式,并进行了验证,该子结构迭代法特别适合于周期数较多的复杂周期结构的响应求解。对带隙起始频率和终止频率所对应的结构模态进行了分析。讨论了曲梁和面板结构参数变化对周期结构隔振器带隙结构的影响。并且对一对边支撑的曲梁周期结构隔振器进行试验研究,测得其原点导纳和传递导纳,验证了这种周期结构低频宽频带隙的存在和建模方法的正确性。     

Laser cleaning of steel structure surface for paint removal and repaint adhesion

Paint removal from steel structure is executed for shipyards of marine and offshore engineering. Due to environmental unfriendliness and unhealthy drawbacks of sand blasting technique, laser ablation technique is proposed as a substituting method. By absorbing high energy of the 1064 nm pulsed laser, the paint is vaporized quickly. The ablated debris is then collected by using a suction pump. Initial metal surface of the steel is exposed when laser beam irradiates perpendicularly and scans over it. The cleaned surface fulfills the requirements of surface preparation standards ISO 8501 of SA2. The adhesion is further characterized with pull-off test after carrying out painting with Jotamastic 87 aluminum paint. The repainting can be embedded onto the laser cleaned surface to bond much more tightly. The excellent adhesion strength of 20 MPa between repainted coating and the substrate is achieved, which is higher than what is required by shipyards applications.     

轴向载荷周期结构梁的弯曲振动带隙特性

各种载荷广泛存在于结构振动中,影响结构的振动特性。利用传递矩阵法,建立了轴向载荷周期结构梁弯曲振动特性理论模型,能够计算轴向载荷周期结构梁弯曲振动的能带结构和传输特性。研究表明,轴向载荷周期结构梁弯曲振动存在带隙,并分析了轴向载荷对带隙频率范围和衰减的影响。通过调节载荷条件,可以实现了超低频带隙特性。通过调节轴向载荷的大小和方向可以提高带隙的适应性。     

Multiscale analysis method for thermo‐mechanical performance of periodic porous materials with interior surface radiation

This study develops a novel multiscale analysis method to predict thermo‐mechanical performance of periodic porous materials with interior surface radiation. In these materials, thermal radiation effect at microscale has an important impact on the macroscopic temperature and stress field, which is our particular interest in this paper. Firstly, the multiscale asymptotic expansions for computing the dynamic thermo‐mechanical coupling problem, which considers the mutual interaction between temperature and displacement field, are given successively. Then, the corresponding numerical algorithm based on the finite element‐difference method is brought forward in details. Finally, some numerical results are presented to verify the validity and relevancy of the proposed method by comparing it with a direct finite element analysis with detailed numerical models. The comparison shows that the new method is effective and valid for predicting the thermo‐mechanical performance and can capture the microstructure behavior of periodic porous materials exactly.s Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation of P(St-NMA) microsphere inks and their application in photonic crystal patterns with brilliant structural colors

Patterned photonic crystals with structural colors on textile substrates have attracted a special attention due to the great advantages in application, which currently become a research hot-spot. This study utilized an ink-jet printing technology to prepare high-quality photonic crystal patterns with structural colors on polyester substrates. The self-assembly temperature of poly(styrene-N-methylol acrylamide) (P(St-NMA)) microspheres set to construct photonic crystals were deeply optimized. Moreover, the structural colors of prepared photonic crystal patterns were characterized and evaluated. When the mass fraction of P(St-NMA) microspheres was 1.0 wt.%, the pH value ranged from 5 to 7, and the surface tension was in the range of 63.79 to 71.20 mN/m, inks could present the best print performance. At 60 °C, prepared P(St-NMA) microsphere inks were good for printing to obtain patterned photonic crystals with regular arrangement and beautiful structural colors. Specifically, photonic crystals with different colors could be constructed by regulating the diameter of microspheres in inks, and prepared structural colors exhibited distinct iridescent phenomenon. The present results could provide a theoretical basis for the industrial realization of patterned photonic crystals by ink-jet printing technology.     

Multi‐scale analysis and FE computation for the structure of composite materials with small periodic configuration under condition of coupled thermoelasticity

The two‐scale asymptotic (TSA) expressions of the increment of temperature and the displacement for the structure of composite materials with small periodic configuration under coupled thermoelasticity condition are derived formally in this paper, especially, the two‐scale coupled relation between the increment of temperature and the displacements are set up. Then the approximate solutions and their error estimations are presented, and the multi‐scale finite element algorithm corresponding to TSA is described. Finally, simple numerical results evaluated by multi‐scale FE computation are shown. They demonstrate that the basic configuration and the increment of temperature strongly influence upon local strains and local stresses inside basic cell. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.