基于Java语言逆向变换方法的研究

本文主要对逆向变换方法的规则与机制进行研究,提出了Java语言和UML类图之间的映射规则及机制。所设计的工具着重于通过相关分析,抽取程序信息及可视化信息,辅助程序理解。对于减轻维护工作量,加快产品更新具有重要意义。     

基于BISON的 UML语法分析器设计

目前基于UML类图和状态图做面向对象软件测试方面已有不少研究，因此研究如何实现一个UML语法分析器有其现实意义。利用BISON设计了一个UML语法分析器，通过对UML文档的词法语法分析，实现了从UML文档中自动提取用于软件测试的信息，提高了软件测试效率。在VC6.0环境下对该分析器仿真，实验结果表明，软件能正确提取测试需要的信息。     

WCET分析中面向对象程序多态性问题的解决方法

用面向对象建模语言(如统一建模语言UML)设计并用面向对象程序设计语言(如C )实现实时系统是实时系统开发领域的一个趋势,但面向对象的主要特征(如多态性)却使程序最差情况执行时间(Worst-Case ExecutionTi me,WCET)更加难以分析。本文通过把UML设计信息引入WCET分析来解决此问题。考虑到UML关联关系描述了两个或多个具体类之间的对应关系,因此本文要求指定关联角色的多重性,并假定能够建立关联关系与其在程序中表示的对应关系。在已知关联角色多重性的基础上,本文计算特定循环的执行计数并确定在超(虚)类调用位置上每个具体类的对象个数,该循环使用超类变量遍历统一表示的关联角色对象。通过和Corti等人方法的结合,本文方法能够自动计算具有多态性特征的面向对象程序的WCET。实验结果表明,本文研究的情形在面向对象程序中普遍存在。     

UML的静态建模机制

统一建模语言UML是软件工程中的重要方法之一，它集中了面向对象方法的各种新思路、新手段。UML的静态建模机制是UML的实现基础，它包括了用例图、类图等，完整客观地将系统的模型描述了出来。     

基于UML对HDLC协议建模的研究

采用UML对HDLC协议进行面向对象建模。建立了用例图、时序图、类图和状态图．为以面向对象的方法实现该协议作了准备。     

一种UML活动图的逆向恢复方法

UML活动图的逆向恢复是逆向工程的重要组成部分,对于理解目标系统的动态行为和控制流程有重要辅助作用。论文针对Windows环境中的面向对象系统,给出了一种基于进程(线程)间关系的UML活动图的逆向恢复方法,该方法采用反射植入机制对目标系统进行基于关键函数的植入,然后对植入后目标系统运行时的动态信息进行过滤并提取出来转化为UML活动图模型文件。在此过程中给出了相应的植入和过滤算法,并通过实验验证该方法的有效性。     

基于PDA的生猪溯源管理系统对象模型设计

采用面向对象的软件工程方法对基于PDA的生猪溯源管理系统进行建模,通过用例图、类图、协作图和状态图的设计,用统一建模语言UML实现了对系统对象的建模。该面向对象的模型为基于PDA的生猪溯源管理系统的实现提供了稳定性好、可重用性高、适应性强、易于维护的软件蓝图。     

基于UML的C++软件静态测试方法

提出一种基于UML的面向对象软件静态测试的方法，论述了方法的基本框架及针对C 的具体实现，使测试人员能直观地了解程序结构上的错误，并有效地设计测试用例。本静态测试方法是通过分析源程序文件，采用数据库来保存分析结果，并以UML类关系图显示出来。     

XML Schema到UML类图的转换方法

提出一种从XML Schema到UML类图的转换规则和算法,该方法将逻辑层的XML Schema模式文档映射为自定义的逻辑层UML类图,然后以图形化的概念层UML类图表现出来,从而有利于用户对XML模式文档的理解。本文的工作基本包含了XML Schema的各个方面,并给出了实现这一方法的工具。     

一种新的面向对象软件集成测试序列生成方法

集成测试是面向对象软件测试中的重要环节。UML不仅在软件分析领域具有重要作用,同时是软件测试的有力依据。在本文中,提出了一种以UML类图为基础的面向对象软件集成测试的测试序列生成方法。从UML类图中提取类的所有信息。然后依据提取的信息计算每个类的内聚度和类间耦合度,将计算结果存入数据库中。最后根据计算的类间耦合度与类的内聚度从高到低对类进行遍历。最后生成集成测试时的类测试序列。经证明该方法对于软件有较好效果。     

Refactoring OCL annotated UML class diagrams

Refactoring of UML class diagrams is an emerging research topic and heavily inspired by refactoring of program code written in object-oriented implementation languages. Current class diagram refactoring techniques concentrate on the diagrammatic part but neglect OCL constraints that might become syntactically incorrect by changing the underlying class diagram. This paper formalizes the most important refactoring rules for class diagrams and classifies them with respect to their impact on attached OCL constraints. For refactoring rules that have an impact on OCL constraints, we formalize the necessary changes of the attached constraints. Our refactoring rules are specified in a graph-grammar inspired formalism. They have been implemented as QVT transformation rules. We finally discuss for our refactoring rules the problem of syntax preservation and show, by using the KeY-system, how this can be resolved.     

Automatic Generation of UML Class Diagrams for Object-oriented Design and Programing Course

UML Class diagram generation from textual requirements is an important task in object-oriented design and programing course. This study proposes a method for automatically generating class diagrams from Chinese textual requirements on the basis of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and mapping rules for sentence pattern matching. First, classes are identified through entity recognition rules and candidate class pruning rules using NLP from requirements. Second, class attributes and relationships between classes are extracted using mapping rules for sentence pattern matching on the basis of NLP. Third, we developed an assistant tool integrated into a precision micro classroom system for automatic generation of class diagram, to effectively assist the teaching of object-oriented design and programing course. Results are evaluated with precision, accuracy and recall from eight requirements of object-oriented design and programing course using truth values created by teachers. Our research should benefit beginners of object-oriented design and programing course, who may be students or software developers. It helps them to create correct domain models represented in the UML class diagram.     

Object oriented concepts identification from formal B specifications

This paper addresses the graphical representation of static aspects of B specifications, using UML class diagrams. These diagrams can help understand the specification for stakeholders who are not familiar with the B method, such as customers or certification authorities. The paper first discusses some rules for a preliminary derivation of a class diagram. It then studies the consistency of the concepts preliminarily identified from an object oriented point of view. A formal concept analysis technique is used to distinguish between consistent classes, attributes, associations and operations. The proposed technique is to incrementally add operations to the formal specification which automatically result in evolutions of the class diagram.     

On evaluating the layout of UML diagrams for program comprehension

UML class and sequence diagrams are helpful for understanding the static structure and dynamic behavior of a software system. Algorithms and tools have been developed to generate these UML diagrams automatically for program understanding purposes. Many tools, however, often ignore perceptual factors in the layout of these diagrams. Therefore, users still have to spend much time and effort rearranging boxes and lines to make the diagram understandable. This article presents key criteria and guidelines for the effective layout of UML class and sequence diagrams from the perspective of perceptual theories. Two UML tools are evaluated to illustrate how the criteria can be applied to assess the readability of their generated diagrams. Kenny Wong is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computing Science at the University of Alberta. His main areas of research include software comprehension, evolution, and visualization. This research includes building, using, and evaluating integrated environments for reverse engineering, and devising strategies to understand and evolve diverse software systems. He is General Chair of the 2007 International Conference on Program Comprehension in Banff, and Program Chair of the 2008 International Conference on Software Maintenance in Beijing. Dabo Sun is an M.Sc. student in the Department of Computing Science at the University of Alberta. His research interests include program comprehension, software visualization, and end-user software engineering. He has assisted the teaching of courses in software engineering and web information systems. He also has been working as a software engineer on developing and maintaining industrial software systems.     

面向对象程序的理解与可视化表示算法

利用编译代码分析技术,提出一种适用于面向对象程序语言的程序理解与描述算法。该算法对面向对象程序源代码进行分析,获取程序相关知识信息,再对获取的信息进行抽象、推理及演绎,用可视化的形式表达程序细节,由此实现函数级算法结构的程序理解。测试结果证明,该算法能准确理解并清楚表达面向对象语言的结构信息。     

Graph transformations for object-oriented refinement

An object-oriented program consists of a section of class declarations and a main method. The class declaration section represents the structure of an object-oriented program, that is the data, the classes and relations among them. The execution of the main method realizes the application by invoking methods of objects of the classes defined in the class declarations. Class declarations define the general properties of objects and how they collaborate with each other in realizing the application task programmed as the main method. Note that for one class declaration section, different main methods can be programmed for different applications, and this is an important feature of reuse in object-oriented programming. On the other hand, different class declaration sections may support the same applications, but these different class declaration sections can make significant difference with regards to understanding, reuse and maintainability of the applications. With a UML-like modeling language, the class declaration section of a program is represented as a class diagram, and the instances of the class diagram are represented by object diagrams, that form the state space of the program. In this paper, we define a class diagram and its object diagrams as directed labeled graphs, and investigate what changes in the class structure maintain the capability of providing functionalities (or services). We formalize such a structure change by the notion of structure refinement. A structure refinement is a transformation from one graph to another that preserves the capability of providing services, that is, the resulting class graph should be able to provide at least as many, and as good, services (in terms of functional refinement) as the original graph. We then develop a calculus of object-oriented refinement, as an extension to the classical theory of data refinement, in which the refinement rules are classified into four categories according to their natures and uses in object-oriented software design. The soundness of the calculus is proved and the completeness of the refinement rules of each category is established with regard to normal forms defined for object-oriented programs. These completeness results show the power of the simple refinement rules. The normal forms and the completeness results together capture the essence of polymorphism, dynamic method binding and object sharing by references in object-oriented computation.     

Spider Diagrams: A Diagrammatic Reasoning System

Spider diagrams combine and extend Venn diagrams and Euler circles to express constraints on sets and their relationships with other sets. These diagrams can be used in conjunction with object-oriented modelling notations such as the Unified Modelling Language. This paper summarises the main syntax and semantics of spider diagrams. It also introduces inference rules for reasoning with spider diagrams and a rule for combining spider diagrams. This system is shown to be sound but not complete. Disjunctive diagrams are considered as one way of enriching the system to allow combination of diagrams so that no semantic information is lost. The relationship of this system of spider diagrams to other similar systems, which are known to be sound and complete, is explored briefly.     

Computer program for large deflection elasto-plastic analysis of semi-rigid steel frameworks

This paper presents an efficient computer method for inelastic and large deflection analysis of flexibly jointed steel frames, based on the most refined type of second-order inelastic analysis, the plastic zone analysis. The combined effects of material, geometric and connection behavior nonlinearity sources are simulated into an object-oriented Turbo-Pascal computer program automatically. This program was used to study the ultimate response of several steel frames which have been studied previously by other researchers. The example computations and the comparisons made have proved the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method.     

搜索引擎系统：UML/OCL模型驱动开发

介绍一个搜索引擎系统的开发。运用UML用例图做系统的需求分析,运用UML类图、状态图、包图进行系统设计。以OCL表达式丰富状态图。使用C#语言和ASP.NET编程,SQL Server存储信息,系统运行在微软.NET环境上。遵循面向对象方法,如逐步求精和模块化,建立UML/OCL模型、组织程序,将系统逐层分解成具有特定功能的模块。系统由收集器、索引器、检索器三大部分组成,分别负责数据收集、数据分析和索引构建、用户检索接口。论文报告系统分析、设计和实现的思想和过程。     

基于UML面向对象软件静态测试方法的研究

文章提出了一种基于UML面向对象软件静态测试的方法,论述了方法的基本框架及具体实现流程。针对面向对象软件的特点,静态测试主要是通过分析源程序得到类关系图,使测试人员能快速而清晰地了解程序结构,有效的设计测试用例。