带有迟滞非线性的气动运动模拟平台自抗扰轨迹跟踪控制

针对带有迟滞非线性的气动运动模拟平台的轨迹跟踪提出了带有切换扩张状态观测器的自抗扰控制方法。气动运动模拟平台的迟滞非线性特性主要指气动人工肌肉在正向充气反向放气时长度和拉力曲线的差异。针对此特性设计了切换扩张状态观测器来估计和补偿模型非线性,分别对于气动人工肌肉正反向充放气的不同模型采用不同的观测器增益,以提高状态估计效果,减小跟踪误差。进一步,设计了状态误差反馈控制器,得到了基于切换扩张状态观测器的二阶非线性动态系统全局有界稳定的充分条件。最后实验结果证实了所设计的切换扩张状态观测器的实际效果。     

A study on the robust control algorithm for an axially moving film

This paper presents the non-linear modeling of the web(film) transfer system and design of (robust) sliding mode controller bared on the developed model. The system model shows change in the roll-radius during winding and unwinding of the web. The change of inertia makes the web transfer system time-varying and nonlinear. In designing a robust controller, two major objectives are considered. The first one is that the web transferring velocity tracks a given reference velocity; the second one is that the web tension is regulated at a certain value. To verify the control algorithm, the proposed algorithm is compared with a conventional PID controller through a campater simulation based on simulink model. Computer simulation study shows that the proposed robust sliding mode controller is an improvement over the PID controller for various control inputs.     

Design and implementation of adaptive PI control schemes for web tension control in roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing

In this paper, two adaptive Proportional-Integral (PI) control schemes are designed and discussed for control of web tension in Roll-to-Roll (R2R) manufacturing systems. R2R systems are used to transport continuous materials (called webs) on rollers from the unwind roll to the rewind roll. Maintaining web tension at the desired value is critical to many R2R processes such as printing, coating, lamination, etc. Existing fixed gain PI tension control schemes currently used in industrial practice require extensive tuning and do not provide the desired performance for changing operating conditions and material properties. The first adaptive PI scheme utilizes the model reference approach where the controller gains are estimated based on matching of the actual closed-loop tension control systems with an appropriately chosen reference model. The second adaptive PI scheme utilizes the indirect adaptive control approach together with relay feedback technique to automatically initialize the adaptive PI gains. These adaptive tension control schemes can be implemented on any R2R manufacturing system. The key features of the two adaptive schemes is that their designs are simple for practicing engineers, easy to implement in real-time, and automate the tuning process. Extensive experiments are conducted on a large experimental R2R machine which mimics many features of an industrial R2R machine. These experiments include trials with two different polymer webs and a variety of operating conditions. Implementation guidelines are provided for both adaptive schemes. Experimental results comparing the two adaptive schemes and a fixed gain PI tension control scheme used in industrial practice are provided and discussed.     

有限时间不确定性估计的电液伺服跟踪控制技术

在实际工程应用中,参数不确定性是一种非常常见的外部扰动,会对受控系统的动态性能产生消极的影响,而电液伺服系统作为一类常规的机电系统,其控制问题的研究也必然伴随着参数不确定性的问题.首先,介绍了终端滑模观测器来估计电液伺服系统的参数不确定性,相较于其他观测器,其能够实现对系统参数不确定性的快速估计;然后,基于终端滑模观测...     

Variable tension control for discontinuous tape winding of composites based on constant extension ratio

Discontinuous tape winding, which has obvious advantages in large extension ratio winding, is widely used in the molding of composites. Therefore, the research on technological parameters becomes the focus of many scholars. However, how to accomplish the variable tension control is usually not fully considered. Accordingly, the constant extension ratio and the smoothness of winding process cannot be ensured. Aiming at the problem of tension control, this paper first gives a comparatively deep research on the control method and the interaction mechanism of tension, extension ratio, automatic lap and automatic rectification. Then, according to the winding process features, the mechanical device and the mathematical model of tension control system are established respectively. With regard to the characteristics of PID controller and fuzzy controller, the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is designed. As a result, the variable tension control is realized during the winding and lapping process, and the constant extension ratio is guaranteed. Finally, a sample application is presented for demonstration. By presenting the variable tension control techniques for discontinuous tape winding, the constant extension ratio of tapes is achieved, the consecution and the automation degree of winding process is improved as well. Thus, the quality of wound products is guaranteed.     

卷绕机构薄膜张力的模糊控制研究

介绍一种新的薄膜张力控制方法——模糊一线性复合控制。参考电容器卷绕装置制作了由单片机控制的张力控制系统,并设计了模糊控制器。实验证明控制效果良好,具有响应速度快、超调量小、控制精度高的特性,对数学模型难以建立、时变、非线性系统尤为合适。     

Adaptive output control of a mobile manipulator hanging from a quadcopter unmanned vehicle

This article summarizes the comprehensive design of an adaptive control that solves the trajectory tracking of a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle supplied by an own-designed grasping device. The controller design uses the regular proportional–derivative (PD) structure which is common to solve regulation, as well as tracking problems for robotic systems. The PD structure needs the estimation of the time-derivative to be exerted on-line. The super-twisting algorithm served to operate as a decentralized estimator of the derivatives for the tracking errors. The controller gains were adjusted by the differential laws aimed to track attainable reference trajectories. The adaptive strategy adjusts the controller gains enforcing the convergence of both the estimation and the tracking errors. A numerical example showed the observer/controller performance. A comparison with a classic non-adaptive PD controller confirms the effectiveness on the tracking task by the proposed design. In addition, a set of virtual numerical evaluations using the parameters of a real quadcopter system confirmed the performance benefits of the adaptive controller based on the PD structure aided with the estimation of the velocity obtained by the observer.     

汽车ESP与ASS分层协调控制研究

建立整车8自由度模型和汽车电子稳定控制程序(Electronic stability program,ESP)与主动悬架系统(Active suspension system,ASS)的分层协调控制模型,对ESP应用基于状态观测器的自适应模糊控制,对ASS采用随机线性最优控制,并进行上层控制器的设计,上层控制器通过线性权函数输出下层控制器的加权值,从而实现协调控制的目的。基于Matlab/Simulink软件,在阶跃和双移线两种工况下进行仿真研究。仿真结果证明,所建立的分层协调控制模型与控制策略不仅能明显改善汽车的行驶稳定性和操纵稳定性,同时可提高车辆的乘坐舒适性。在Labview系统中建立上层协调控制器、ESP控制器和车辆模型,自行开发ASS并安装上车,结合ESP的执行机构进行硬件在环仿真。其结果与Matlab仿真结果基本一致。     

A taper tension profile maker in a converting machine

Winding is an integral operation in almost every web handling process, and a center-wound roll is one of the suitable and general schemes in a winding system. However, improper internal stresses within a center-wound roll can cause damage such as buckling, spoking, cinching, etc. Wound roll quality and performance are known to be related to the distribution of in-roll stresses. It is therefore necessary to analyze the relationship between taper tension in the winding section and internal stress distribution within the center-wound roll to prevent winding failure. But it is hard to compensate for an undesirable winding roll shape such as starring, buckling, and telescoping. This is because the winding section is the final process in a roll to roll system and has no feedback control system to correct winding roll shape directly. A time varying tension profile and accurate control of it in a winding section is one way to shape the fail-safe in-roll stress distribution of a winding roll. In this study, a new taper tension profile making method is aimed for designing high quality wound rolls. A new method to determine the proper taper tension profile was designed by analyzing the winding mechanism which includes the stress model in center-wound rolls, nip induced tension model, relationship between taper tension profile and telescoping, relationship between taper tension type and internal stress distribution. An auto taper tension profile making method was proposed not only to optimize radial stress distribution but also to minimize lateral error (telescoping). Simulation results show that the proposed method is very useful for determining the desirable taper tension profile during the winding process and preventing defects of winding roll shape such as telescoping, starting, and dishing and so on.     

薄膜张力控制系统的建模与设计

鉴于薄膜收换卷时的张力大小及平稳性对收卷质量具有决定性的影响,针对流涎机收卷系统的动态过程,分析了张力与收卷线速度、卷径及转速之间的动力学关系,提出了张力控制原理,并分析了薄膜在收换卷时收卷电机转速的变化补偿规律。在此基础上,设计了薄膜在收换卷时的张力控制系统,通过控制速度差对张力进行间接控制,同时采用BP神经网络PID控制器调节收卷转速对张力进行直接补偿。仿真对比结果表明,该控制器动态响应好,抗干扰能力强。实际应用实例也证明该控制方法张力控制精度高,控制高效可靠, 对改善系统的动态特性和提高薄膜的收卷质量有着重要意义。     

基于干扰观测器的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制方法

为实现更加精准的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制,应用干扰观测器设计一种新的系统滑模控制方法。构建时滞非线性切换系统模型,针对系统在发生结构变化时会产生复合干扰变化的情况,设计了一种非线性切换干扰观测器,实施系统不连续干扰的估计。通过 Backstepping 方法结合干扰观测器,设计一种切换滑模控制器,依据标量非线性特性打造一个滑模面,通过滑模控制器算法使时滞非线性切换系统能够满足滑模面的实际可达性条件,完成切换滑模控制器设计,实现系统的滑模控制。对设计的滑模控制方法进行测试,实验中选择的时滞非线性切换系统为一种变后掠翼 NSV 。实验结果表明,该设计方法能够实现较为准确地切入信号跟踪,表现出了很好的切换复合干扰估计性能。     

Output feedback tracking control of uncertain robot manipulators via higher-order sliding-mode observer and fuzzy compensator

This paper develops a new method to control uncertain robot manipulators by using only position measurements. The controller is designed based on a combination of a computed torque controller (CTC) with a higher-order sliding-mode observer and a fuzzy compensator. First, three higher-order sliding-mode (SM) observers (second-order SM, third-order SM and third-order SM linear (TOSML) observers) are designed and compared to verify whether the TOSML observer is the best for observing velocity and identifying uncertainty. A combined CTC-TOSML controller was then designed. Although this controller scheme can overcome the drawbacks of conventional CTCs, its tracking performance can still be improved. To enhance capability of the tracking performance, a CTC-TOSML controller plus fuzzy compensator called a CTC-TOSML-Fuzzy controller is proposed. The proposed controller increases the potential of the CTC for real robot applications. Finally, computer simulation results on a PUMA560 robot are discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

Design and experimental realization of a robust decentralized PI controller for a coupled tank system

This paper presents design and realization of a robust decentralized PI controller for regulating the level of a coupled tank system. The proposed controller is designed based on a predefined reference transfer function model in which we adopt a frequency matching of actual and reference models. Realization of control algorithms for a multivariable system is often complicated owing to uncertainties in the process dynamics. In this paper, initially a frequency response fitting model reduction technique is adopted to obtain a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model of each higher order decoupled subsystem. Further, using the obtained reduced order model, the proposed robust decentralized PI controller is designed. The stability and performance of the proposed controller are verified by considering multiplicative input and output uncertainties. The performance of the proposed robust decentralized controller has been compared with that of a decentralized PI controller. To validate the performance of the proposed control approach, real-time experimentation is pursed on a Feedback Instrument manufactured coupled tank system.     

A backstepping-based control algorithm for multi-span roll-to-roll web system

Multi-layer printing technology is used wisely in printed electronics industry. The small variation of web tension will reduce the quality of production. Thus, web velocity and tension control algorithm play an important role in improving the quality of product in roll-to-roll manufacturing technology. Most algorithms of linearized systems proposed in recent years use PI or PID controllers. Due to the increasing demand of high accuracy in printed electronics industry at micrometer-level, it is necessary to have a precise control scheme of web velocity and tension in the presence of disturbance. In this paper, a mathematical model of modified strict form model is proposed, and a systematic design method of backstepping controller is formulating for this model by using the backstepping based design. By using the proposed theory, a precise control algorithm is proposed for three-span roll-to-roll web control system. The design parameters are chosen optimally by using the modified genetic algorithm. The outcomes of proposed algorithm prove the reliability throughout simulation results in Matlab/Simulink and experimental results.     

基于神经网络的缠绕过程张力积分鲁棒控制

纤维缠绕系统是典型的非线性系统,缠绕过程张力控制精度决定了缠绕制品成型品质,然而系统非线性特性、摩擦及外干扰等严重制约了缠绕过程张力控制性能的提升。目前现有方法主要以收/放卷两轴同步控制为基础,通过解耦等复杂操作展开张力控制研究,计算量大且不利于控制算法的应用。为了避免上述问题并准确描述缠绕系统张力产生机理和实际的摩擦特性,建立简化的缠绕系统非线性数学模型。同时以自适应作为神经网络权值训练方法,基于自适应神经网络设计出干扰量的逼近函数,在基于连续积分鲁棒（RISE）控制器设计的控制律中补偿扰动的影响,并基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的渐近稳定性。最后,给出所提出控制器与现有方法的对比验证实例,结果表明所提出基于神经网络扰动补偿的积分鲁棒控制显著增强了系统抑制外干扰的能力,提升了张力控制精度。     

Robust decentralized hybrid adaptive output feedback fuzzy control for a class of large-scale MIMO nonlinear systems and its application to AHS

This paper presents a novel observer-based decentralized hybrid adaptive fuzzy control scheme for a class of large-scale continuous-time multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems whose state variables are unmeasurable. The scheme integrates fuzzy logic systems, state observers, and strictly positive real conditions to deal with three issues in the control of a large-scale MIMO uncertain nonlinear system: algorithm design, controller singularity, and transient response. Then, the design of the hybrid adaptive fuzzy controller is extended to address a general large-scale uncertain nonlinear system. It is shown that the resultant closed-loop large-scale system keeps asymptotically stable and the tracking error converges to zero. The better characteristics of our scheme are demonstrated by simulations.     

Reduced-order observer based fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for switched stochastic systems with actuator and sensor faults

This paper addresses the problems of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a class of switched stochastic systems with sensor and actuator faults. A reduced-order fault estimation observer is designed to estimate the system states, actuator and sensor faults, simultaneously. In the observer design process, intermediate variables are introduced such that the differential information of the measurement output is not included in the designed observer. Compared with the existing results, the dimension of the proposed observer is reduced, and the sensor fault can be completely unknown and unbounded. An observer based fault-tolerant controller is designed to stabilize the switched stochastic systems. Under arbitrary switching signal, the designed observer and controller can ensure that both the estimation error system and the closed-loop system are mean-square exponentially stable with disturbance attenuation performance. At last, both a numerical example and a switched electrical circuit example verify the proposed method.     

Fuzzy decoupling to reduce propagation of tension disturbances in roll-to-roll system

Control of web tension is crucial for maintaining quality of products processed on roll-to-roll (R2R) system. An R2R system can be divided into different tension spans which interact with each other. But converting industries tend to neglect these interactions and use decentralized single-input–single-output (SISO) control approaches to deal with tension control. Multi-input–multi-output approaches have been reported in literatures but are practically not in use. Interaction between the various tension spans is unavoidable as they are all connected by a single web. Disturbances produced in a span tend to travel further downstream along the direction of web travel. When the number of spans is less or the disturbance amplitudes are small, this does not present a big challenge and simple SISO control is sufficient. But when the amplitudes of disturbances produced in processing is large—as is the case with printed electronics—or the number of spans is large or both, then the interactions cannot be neglected. R2R-based offset printers have the potential for mass production of precision-printed electronics. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based hybrid approach has been followed that specifically targets the printed electronics industry and this method considerably reduces the interactions. The algorithm has been designed such that it takes information from previous span to reduce the propagation of tension disturbances to the given span. This has been achieved through online computation of correlation coefficient and reducing the interaction through fuzzy feedback control.     

基于LADRC的电动舵机高动态控制方法

自抗扰控制(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC)继承了PID控制基于误差反馈的优点,在控制中不需要模型的先验知识,并结合了经典调节理论与现代控制理论各自的优点,因而在实际工程中得到了广泛应用。文中分析了电动舵机传统PID控制中存在的动态响应慢和抗扰能力弱的问题;建立了基于直接转矩控制的舵机系统数学模型;设计了线性扩张状态观测器,并给出了观测器参数的简便确定方法,通过观测器观测出的扰动将系统补偿为串联积分器的形式;采用不同的控制器对补偿后的系统进行稳定性分析,根据稳定性和实现难易程度,决定采用比例微分负反馈控制器。最后对设计的观测器和控制器进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,设计的观测器和控制器与传统PID控制相比在动态响应和抗扰能力上都具有巨大的优势。