CMSA与CC离子交联提高棉织物的抗皱性

采用氯甲基磺酸钠(CMSA)使棉织物阴离子化,然后与阳离子壳聚糖(CC)离子交联对棉织物进行抗皱整理.研究了CMSA与CC用量对离子交联棉织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力和白度的影响, 并对整理织物进行了抗菌测试.     

无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540抗皱整理工艺

研究了无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540在棉织物抗皱整理时,DM-3540的用量、催化剂Na3PO4的用量、pH值、焙烘温度和时间对棉织物折皱回复角、白度、断裂强力和撕破强力保留率的影响.指出无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540对棉织物的最佳抗皱整理工艺为:DM-3540用量160 g/L、催化剂Na3PO4用量8g/L、pH值5.0～6.0,二浸二轧(轧余率85％),85℃预烘2 min后,180 ℃焙烘2.5 min;在DM-3540抗皱整理配方中加入20 g/L柔软剂VS可改善织物的手感,不同程度提高织物的折皱回复角、撕破强力保留率和断裂强力保留率,且不影响棉织物的白度.     

中心旋转法优化离子交联提高棉织物抗皱性的工艺

棉织物阳离子化后与BTCA进行离子交联,能提高棉织物的抗皱性.采用中心旋转法优化了BTCA用量、培烘温度、焙烘时间的工艺参数.确定了离子交联整理工艺:BTCA用量90～110 g/L,145～155℃焙烘120～150 s.整理织物的千,湿折皱回复角可达220°/240°,断裂强力保留率>75%,白度>80%.     

棉/Lyocell混纺牛仔织物抗皱性能研究

柠檬酸在高温及助剂作用下可与纤维素纤维织物反应,使织物具有抗皱性能.首先选用柠檬酸与各类助剂复配,对纯棉牛仔织物进行交联处理,并主要以织物折皱回复角为指标,综合考虑织物的强力保留率,研究了整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间对织物抗皱性能的影响,选择适宜的整理工艺条件.对经不同前处理的纯棉牛仔织物和棉/Lyocell混纺牛仔织物进行抗皱整理和物理性能测试.通过比较性能的均值和进行显著性检验,发现棉/Lyocell混纺牛仔织物整理后的折皱回复角较纯棉牛仔织物有较明显提高;两者拉伸及撕破强力损失程度相差不大.因此,对棉/Lyocell混纺牛仔织物进行抗皱整理有一定可行性和意义.     

离子交联体系在纯棉织物免烫整理中的应用

采用阳离子化降解壳聚糖(CC)/氯乙基磺酸钠(CESA)离子交联技术,对离子交联无甲醛免烫整理技术进行了研究.结果表明,离子交联法可以明显提高织物的抗皱性,整理后织物的强力保持良好.经过离子交联整理,织物折皱回复角可提高40%以上,强力下降不大.     

离子交联法对棉织物的抗皱整理

采用CAA/CHTAC、CAA/CG及CHTAC/BTCA等离子交联法对棉织物进行抗皱整理.整理后棉织物的抗皱性明显提高,强度损伤降低,无甲醛释放,但白度降低.研究发现,以CHTAC/BTCA离子交联整理的效果最好.     

离子交联技术提高棉织物形态稳定性

离子交联工艺可明显提高纤维素纤维织物的抗皱性能，且无强力损伤、甲醛释放和泛黄等问题。阐述了阴离子化纤维素和阳离子化纤维素等两类离子化纤维与相反电荷的聚电解质形成离子交联的机理；探讨了离子交联工艺中织物折皱回复角、断裂强力、白度等的变化，比较了两类纤维离子交联工艺的处理效果。     

柠檬酸/丁烷四羧酸/木糖醇免烫棉织物工艺配方优化

对纯棉织物采用柠檬酸(CA)/丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)/木糖醇免烫整理剂进行免烫整理,探讨柠檬酸质量浓度、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度、木糖醇质量浓度、焙烘时间和焙烘温度对免烫效果的影响,并测试免烫后织物的折皱回复角、白度和强力。结果表明：免烫后织物的折皱回复角与丁烷四羧酸或柠檬酸单独作用于棉织物相当,断裂强力优于两者单独作用。优化免烫整理工艺为：柠檬酸质量浓度60 g/L、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度40 g/L、木糖醇质量浓度17.5 g/L、焙烘温度170℃、焙烘时间3 min。整理后织物的折皱回复角可达267°,白度为54.5,断裂强力为248 N。     

棉织物等离子体/柠檬酸的抗皱整理初探

采用低温等离子体/柠檬酸处理方法,对棉织物进行抗皱整理.研究了等离子体处理在棉织物抗皱整理中的加工顺序对棉织物性能的影响.以整理后织物的拉伸断裂强力、强力保留率、折皱回复角和白度等指标进行测试比较,说明该方法能在一定程度上提高整理织物的拉伸断裂强力和强力保留率,得出低温等离子体/柠檬酸整理织物的最佳工序为:浸轧整理液→烘干→焙烘→等离子体处理→水洗→晾干→烘干.     

聚合-交联整理棉织物的断裂强力损失

采用马来酸(MA)和衣康酸(IA)或单独采用MA以在位聚合交联法对棉织物进行免烫整理,并对整理品的断裂强力与折皱回复角、酯键量之间的相关性进行了分析,提出用强力损失因子BSLF这一指标来判断免烫整理品的强力损失程度。结果表明,经不同焙烘条件处理的棉织物其酯键量与折皱回复角、断裂强力保留率之间存在着良好的线性关系;织物的断裂强力与折皱回复角之间也具有良好的线性关系,并推导出该拟合直线斜率与BSLF间的数学关系式。与拟合直线的斜率相比,BSLF计算方便,为比较不同整理体系的强力损失程度提供了一种方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the