用吸附性促进剂NMBS制备的NR/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

试验研究用吸附性促进剂NMBS制备的NR/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构和性能,并与用常规促进剂CZ制备的纳米复合材料进行对比.结果表明,在NR/蒙脱土或NR/有机蒙脱土中加入促进剂NMBS,胶料的活化能下降;而加入促进剂CZ后胶料的活化能明显提高.在两种促进剂体系胶料中加入8份有机蒙脱土,硫化胶中有机蒙脱土的层间距相同;促进剂NMBS体系硫化胶的交联密度明显增大,物理性能总体提高（有机蒙脱土的适宜用量为2～10 份）,而促进剂CZ体系硫化胶的交联密度和物理性能均变化不大.     

天然橡胶/固相改性钙基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用固相改性方法对钙基蒙脱土进行了有机改性,通过机械混炼法插层制备了天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）表征了纳米复合材料的结构和形态,通过硫化仪和表观交联密度研究了橡胶与蒙脱土的相互作用,同时考察了不同偶联剂改性的蒙脱土/天然橡胶复合材料的静态力学性能和动态力学性能。研究结果发现：有机蒙脱土不但对天然橡胶具有很好的促进硫化作用,而且具有明显的补强效果,可大幅度提高材料的力学性能,同时改善天然橡胶动态力学性能。     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融插层的方法制备了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射和透射电镜的研究结果表明，该材料的结构为插层型纳米分散结构。研究了蒙脱土用量对该复合材料的力学性能、光学性能和热性能的影响。实验结果表明，该纳米复合材料具有优良的力学性能。当蒙脱土的用量为15份时，该材料的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率分别为19．8MPa和540％。由过氧化物硫化剂2，5-二甲基-2，5-二叔丁基过氧己烷制备的EPDM／蒙脱土纳米复合材料是半透明的，蒙脱土用量对材料的透光率影响较小，蒙脱土用量几乎不影响材料的硫化性能。此外，材料的玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度也由于蒙脱土在基体中的纳米分散和基体与填料相互作用的增强而明显升高。     

机械共混原位反应插层法制备天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

针对现有的纳米插层复合技术需要先将蒙脱土进行繁杂的有机化改性不适合在橡胶生产厂家推广使用等缺点,提出了机械共混原位反应插层新方法,用简便可行的固相法改性的蒙脱土与天然橡胶制备了力学性能优良的纳米复合材料。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜技术分析表明,该复合材料在胶料的混炼和硫化中就地实现了与橡胶基体的插层复合。     

高性能耐沾污环氧纳米复合材料的研究

制备了1种有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射分析以及力学和耐沾污性测试研究了复合材料的性能。结果表明,由于有机蒙脱土、纳米TiO_2与环氧树脂间的相互作用,蒙脱土层被高度剥离,所得的二维蒙脱土纳米单片与零维纳米TiO_2颗粒交错分布于树脂基体中。所制备的复合材料的拉伸模量、拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度分别为纯树脂体系的254.75%,181.53%,121.12%,125.25%和165.57%,材料的耐沾污性也达到了0级无污染水平。     

多功能高性能环氧树脂复合材料的制备

通过将有机蒙脱土和纳米TiO_2共同添加到环氧树脂中,制备出一种在多项性能上都有大幅提高的高性能多功能有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。通过XRD和TEM分析可知,由于利用了有机蒙脱土、纳米TiO_2与环氧树脂间的相互作用,蒙脱土层被高度剥离,所得的二维蒙脱土纳米单片与零维纳米TiO_2颗粒交错分布于树脂基体中。测试表明:有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料在多项性能上都比纯环氧树脂和有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料高,拉伸模量分别提高了254.75%和135.69%,拉伸强度分别提高了181.53%和243.46%,弯曲模量分别提高了121.12%和106.04%,弯曲强度分别提高了125.25%和116.98%,缺口冲击强度分别提高了165.57%和137.23%;同时材料的耐沾污性也达到了0级的无污染水平。     

有机蒙脱土对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯结晶行为及动态力学性能的影响

首先采用自制季磷盐对钠基蒙脱土进行插层改性,得到季磷盐改性有机蒙脱土。与未改性的蒙脱土和插层剂季磷盐比较,系统研究了有机蒙脱土对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)结晶行为和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:单独加入未改性的蒙脱土和季磷盐并不能改善PBS的结晶行为,经过季磷盐插层改性的蒙脱土能显著改善PBS的结晶行为,加入5%季磷盐改性的有机蒙脱土(季磷盐投料量为1.2 CEC),PBS的结晶温度从70.4℃增加到83.8℃,储能模量也显著增加。     

用乳液插层法制备丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料

用乳液插层法制备了丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。先将钠基蒙脱土有机化,然后用乳液聚合法反应制得纳米复合材料。X射线衍射分析表明,蒙脱土有机化后层间距增大,季铵盐插层进入蒙脱土层间,乳液聚合后层间距进一步增大,聚丙烯酸丁酯插层到蒙脱土层间,得到丙烯酸丁酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。动态力学分析表明,复合材料的储能模量大大提高,损耗因子几乎不变。     

ABS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构及性能

将SAN／蒙脱土纳米复合材料与ABS高胶粉熔融共混得到ABS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对纳米复合材料的机械性能进行了表征．结果发现蒙脱土的加入一定程度上提高了ABS的杨氏模量和弯曲模量，但冲击强度有明显的降低。采用XRD、TEM和SEM对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征，结果表明在共混过程中，蒙脱土片层的物理特性导致其基本分布在橡胶粒子的表面．甚至造成粒子的变形和破裂；ABS／蒙脱土纳米复合材料在冲击过程中，蒙脱土片层的分散状态导致橡胶粒子不能发生塑性变形，冲击断面呈多孔形态。     

乳液法天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用乳液法制备了天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,考察了其微观形态,探讨了复合材料的硫化特性及静态和动态力学性能.结果表明,蒙脱土以纳米尺寸均匀分布于丁腈橡胶基质中,橡胶分子链并未插层进入蒙脱土片层;蒙脱土使复合材料的焦烧时间和正硫化时间增加,可明显提高复合材料的静态力学性能;复合材料具有与天然橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混...     

淀粉对蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用蒙脱土水悬浮液/橡胶乳液共混-共凝复合技术制备蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料时,在蒙脱土水悬浮液和丁腈胶乳的混合体系中加入淀粉,考察了淀粉用量对蒙脱土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,淀粉的加入有利于蒙脱土片层形成剥离型结构。当蒙脱土用量为5份、淀粉用量为10份时,蒙脱土几乎呈完全剥离状态;随着淀粉用量的增加,该复合材料的邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和撕裂强度均有所提高。     

聚苯胺改性蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺质量分数为20% 的聚苯胺改性蒙脱土,并以此作为增强剂利用机械混炼法制备了聚苯胺改性蒙脱土( PANI － MMT) /天然橡胶( NR) 纳米复合材料。使用X 射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及扫描电镜等对PANI － MMT 和PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的结构进行了表征,并考察了PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料形成了插层型纳米结构; 与普通的有机蒙脱土/NR 复合材料相比,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能明显提高,PANI － MMT 添加质量为20 份时其力学性能达到最好,并超过了添加40 份炭黑N 660 的NR 的力学性能。     

钠基蒙脱土对工程机械轮胎胎面胶性能的影响

研究钠基蒙脱土对工程机械轮胎胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明:采用乳液共沉法制备钠基蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合母胶,钠基蒙脱土在橡胶基体中分散均匀;与未添加钠基蒙脱土的胶料相比,加入少量钠基蒙脱土的胶料FL变化不大,Fmax提高,ts1,t10,t90缩短,硫化速率提高,硬度、定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,耐热老化性能提高,磨耗量明显减小;以4份钠基蒙脱土等量替代炭黑,胶料的磨耗量减小33.8%,综合性能较好。     

Curing Characteristics,Mechanical, Thermal,and Morphological Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs)-Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)-filled natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with various filler loading were prepared by using a two-roll mill. The addition of HNTs increased the scorch time, cure time and maximum torque but reduced curing rate index. The tensile strength increased up to 20 phr of HNTs and then decreased. When HNTs loading increased, the elongations of break, swelling percentage and fatigue life were decreased while modulus at 100% and 300% elongation and thermal properties showed inversely. The dispersion of HNTs inside the NR matrix is shown from SEM images.     

粘合剂RA-65在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用

试验研究粘合剂RA-65替代粘合剂HMT在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明,在胎体帘布胶和胎圈补强层胶中,以粘合剂RA-65替代HMT,通过调整不溶性硫黄用量或促进剂品种及用量,胶料的门尼焦烧时间缩短,硫化速度加快,硫化胶的物理性能和粘合性能良好;成品轮胎的耐久性能超过国家标准要求。     

Vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer and nanosilica reinforced epoxidized natural rubber: Effects of sulfur curing systems on cure characteristics,tensile properties,thermal stability,dynamic mechanical properties and oil resistance

This study aimed at preparing nanocomposite from epoxidized natural rubber with about 40 mol% epoxidation (ENR40), vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer (VAE) contained about 70 wt% acetate groups and nanosilica (nSiO₂). Two parts by weight per hundred parts of rubber/resin of nSiO₂ were assembled to 80/20 (w/w) ENR40/VAE blend via latex blending. The resulting nanocomposite latex was coagulated before compounding with curing agents in an internal mixer. Tetrabenzylthiuram disulphide was used as a non‐carcinogenic accelerator in three sulfur vulcanization/curing systems, namely conventional (CV), semi‐efficient (semi‐EV) and efficient (EV) systems. The rubber compounds were sheeted on a two‐roll mill and press‐cured using a compression molding machine. Influence of curing systems on cure characteristics, tensile properties, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties and oil resistance of the nanocomposites was investigated. The results revealed that the CV system exhibited the highest crosslink density, tensile properties and storage modulus, while the EV system exhibited the longest scorch and cure time and the highest thermal stability and oil resistance. Moreover, the percentage retention of the tensile properties after thermal aging for CV system was lower than that of semi‐EV and EV systems. However, the pristine ENR40 and 80/20 (w/w) ENR40/VAE blend were also prepared for comparison. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E28–E38, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

动态硫化PVC/SBR共混体系的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物，考察了橡塑比、硫化体系、相容剂及ＰＶＣ交联对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为７５／２５，相容剂ＮＢＲ／氯化聚乙烯并用比为２．５／２．５，采用半有效或半有效加２份交联剂ＤＣＰ的硫化体系时，共混物综合性能较好。在ＰＶＣ中加入０．４份促进剂ＮＡ－２２可明显改善共混物的压缩永久变形。     

Preparation and characterization of high performance exfoliated montmorillonite/silicone rubber nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties

Highly exfoliated and intercalated silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites based on natural montmorillonite (Cloisite Na⁺) and organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 20A) were successfully prepared by melt‐mixing technique. Dispersion of the nanoclays in the rubber nanocomposites was subsequently investigated. As indicated by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, intercalation, and exfoliation of the clay particles in the nanocomposites was achieved at less than 8 parts per hundred (phr) rubber by weight, irrespective of the initial interlayer spacing of the nanoclay particles. Both Cloisite Na⁺ and Cloisite 30B were spontaneously transformed into exfoliated microstructures during the vulcanisation stage. Overall, the use of the nanoclays in silicone rubber improved the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break by more than 50% as compared with the control rubber. In addition, this work provided a fresh insight into the way intercalated and exfoliated morphologies affect mechanical properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites. It was shown that the exfoliated Cloisite Na⁺ yielded outstanding mechanical properties with low hysteresis at the same loading of the exfoliated Cloisite 30B and intercalated Cloisite 20A organoclays. As expected, the formation of crosslinks affected the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate significantly. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2603–2614, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation,characterization, and application of NR/SBR/Organoclay nanocomposites in the tire industry

The natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/organoclay (NR/SBR/organoclay) nanocomposites were successfully prepared with different types of organoclay by direct compounding. The optimal type of organoclay was selected by the mechanical properties characterization of the NR/SBR/organoclay composites. The series of NR/SBR/organoclay (the optimal organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared with various organoclay contents loading from 1.0 to 7.0 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr). The nearly completely exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical properties measurement showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength were improved significantly when the organoclay content was less than 5.0 phr. The tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposite with only 3.0 phr organoclay were improved by 92.8% and 63.4%, respectively. It showed organoclay has excellent reinforcement effect with low content. The reduction of the score and cure times of the composites indicated that the organoclay acted as accelerator in the process of vulcanization. The incorporation of a small amount of organoclay greatly improved the swelling behavior and thermal stability, which was attributed to the good barrier properties of the dispersed organoclay layers. The outstanding performance of co‐reinforcement system with organoclay in the tire formulation showed that the organoclay had a good application prospect in the tire industry, especially for the improvement of abrasion resistance and the reduction of production cost. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation,structure, and properties of montmorillonite/cellulose II/natural rubber nanocomposites

In this work, sodium montmorillonite clay was added, as filler, to nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) in amounts varying from 0 to 5 phr (per hundred resin). Natural rubber (NR)/cellulose II/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating NR latex, montmorillonite aqueous suspension and cellulose xanthate. The clay was previously exfoliated in water, and the resulting suspension was then added to the mixture of NR latex with cellulose xanthate. Morphological, rheometric, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and an increase in these properties was observed upon the addition of cellulose and clay nanomaterials to the rubber matrix. The results show the advantage in using cellulose as a nanopolymer as well as MMT as nanofiller. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011