一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法 ——PUDCH算法

能量利用效率问题一直是限制WSN广泛应用的瓶颈,能源容量对各个网络节点产生至关重要的影响.针对WSN中"能量空洞问题"以及由于簇头任务过重所导致的能量消耗过快,同时也为了提高WSN的能量利用效率,提出了一种无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法——PUDCH.该算法先综合考虑节点综合信息(如节点剩余能量、节点到基站的距离),根据节点综合信息通过不同的时间竞争机制来选举簇头,将整个网络划分为不均匀的分簇;在规模大些的簇内,为了减轻簇头的负担再选取副簇头.最后簇头再构造基于最小生成树的最优传输路径.一系列的仿真表明PUDCH路由算法在WSN节约平衡节点能量消耗方面表现优良.     

一种新型能耗优化的无线传感器网络成簇算法

能量消耗一直是限制WSN广泛应用的热门问题之一,能源容量的大小对各个传感器节点产生重要的影响.针对WSN中能耗过快,以及网络区域内能量消耗不均衡而导致的网络生命周期缩短的问题,同时为了提高WSN的能量利用率,提出了一种新型能耗优化的无线传感器网络非均匀成簇算法(UCNE).该算法首先根据节点的历史能耗来竞选簇头节点,将整个网络划分为不均匀的簇群从而平衡簇内节点通信与簇间节点通信的能耗.其次设立新的能量阈值作为网络重新分簇的标准,减少了频繁分簇造成的不必要的控制消息能耗.最后为了降低簇头节点的负担,竞选副簇头节点作为中继转发节点转发主簇头加工的数据并根据权值选择向前向簇头节点传递数据.通过对比相关协议,UCNE协议在平衡网络能耗,延长网络寿命方面表现更优.     

无线传感器网络节点分簇与非分簇性能比较

为研究分簇的无线传感器网络（WSN）能否在很大程度上节约传感器节点电池能源,延长网络生存周期,从分簇的网络组织本身、分簇WSN和非分簇WSN能量消耗的对比、不同分簇方式对网络能耗的影响进行研究,得出当满足一定条件时,分簇WSN比非分簇WSN性能更优的结论,并进一步得出WSN的最佳分簇规格应在5跳以内。     

一种基于LEACH的改进无线传感器网络路由协议

为了在无线传感器网络(WSN)中降低能耗和提高网络生存期,针对LEACH协议中簇头选举不合理和随机分簇的不足,提出了一种LEACH的改进协议.该协议首先计算无线传感器网络的最佳分簇数量,然后与遗传算法相结合对网络进行分簇,再根据簇中节点的剩余能量等情况选出簇头节点.仿真结果表明,与经典的LEACH协议相比,改进后的协议减少了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络生命周期.     

无线传感器网络安全分簇问题研究

由于受到能量、通信带宽、计算能力能条件的制约,无线传感器网络(WSN)通常会采用分簇结构,这样可以达到提高网络容量、进行网络管理、优化路由和增强网络扩缩性的目的。但分簇结构也存在一些缺点,特别是安全问题。本文探讨了WSN的分簇架构、策略,以及分簇结构中的安全问题,重点阐述了目前分簇结构中常用的安全策略。     

能量均衡的WSN非均匀分簇路由算法

针对现有无线传感器网络（WSN）分层分簇路由算法存在的能耗不均衡问题,提出一种能耗均衡的WSN非均匀分簇路由算法。该算法通过在已划分的非均匀区域中构建中间层达到均衡簇首和其他节点能耗的目的,实现WSN整体能耗均衡。实验结果表明,该算法能均衡WSN能耗负载,提高WSN的能量效率,延长100轮～200轮WSN生命周期。     

基于LEACH的WSN簇头优化策略

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)能量和节点分布不均匀的问题,提出一种基于低功效自适应集簇分层(LEACH)协议的WSN簇头优化策略。在二次簇头选择机制下,对保护性能最差的节点进行优化,从大于簇内平均能量的节点中,寻找距离簇内性能最差的节点,将与其最近的节点选为簇头,由此形成簇头间多跳最优通信方式。实验结果表明,该策略能减少节点能量消耗,延长网络生命周期。     

基于能量优先分簇算法的WSN分层路由协议

考虑到无线传感器网络中节点能量受限问题,提出了一种新的负载均衡的基于能量优先分簇算法的WSN分层路由协议(LRP-EPCA).综合考虑能量因素,对LEACH协议的簇首选取机制进行改进,采用了非均匀分簇的思想来平衡簇首的能量消耗;分别以簇首和基站作为树根,生成簇内和簇间的路由树,在簇内,用分层次多跳和单跳相结合的方式将数据传输到簇首.簇首再通过多跳把数据发送到基站.仿真实验表明,LRP-EPCA协议与ECMR和PEGASIS相比,网络寿命(半数节点死亡)分别提高了200%和120%.     

一种无线传感器网络定位问题中的分簇算法

本文提出一种用于平面无线传感器网络定位的分簇算法.首先,锚节点根据地理位置划分感知区域;然后,通过拓扑发现过程和锚节点问的信息交换,实现锚节点对周围网络拓扑的感知;最后,根据就近原则将所有未知节点分配到以锚节点为边缘的各个子区域中,而分配到各个子区域中的未知节.点和边缘的锚节点,则构成网络中的各个簇,并由每个簇的主节点保存本簇内全部拓扑信息.该算法可以实现多跳节点的分簇,并且具有较小的通信量,可用于多种基于分簇的分布式定位算法中,有助于解决大规模无线传感器网络的定位问题.仿真实验结果显示,在锚节点按网格分布和随机分布两种情况下,该算法都可以得到良好的分簇结果.     

基于等级的无线传感网自适应分簇算法

为解决现有无线传感器网络（WSN）分簇算法难以同时兼顾其异构性和移动性,从而引发网络寿命较短、网络数据吞吐量较低等问题,提出了基于节点等级的自适应分簇算法。该算法按轮运行,每轮分为自适应分簇、簇建立、数据传输三个阶段。为解决节点移动性引发的簇首数目和成簇规模不合理的问题,在自适应分簇阶段,根据子区域内节点数目变化对相应子区域进行细化或就近合并,以确保每个子区域内节点数目在合理范围内。在簇建立阶段,选举簇内等级最高的节点为簇首,解决异构性引发的部分节点能耗过快、网络寿命缩短的问题;节点等级除考虑节点剩余能量外,还结合WSN实际应用,由节点剩余能量、能量消耗速率、到基站的距离、到簇内其他节点的距离综合决定。基于OMNeT++和Matlab的仿真实验结果表明,在节点移动速度为0~0.6 m/s的能量异构WSN环境下,较移动低功耗自适应集簇分层（LEACH-Mobile）算法和分布式能量有效分簇（DEEC）算法,运用所提算法分簇的WSN寿命延长了30.9%以上,网络数据吞吐量是其他两种算法分簇的网络的1.15倍以上。     

CrimeSPOT: A language and runtime for developing active wireless sensor network applications

Advances in wireless sensing and actuation technology allow embedding significant amounts of application logic inside wireless sensor networks. Such active WSN applications are more autonomous, but are significantly more complex to implement. Event-based middleware lends itself to implementing these applications. It offers developers fine-grained control over how an individual node interacts with the other nodes of the network. However, this control comes at the cost of event handlers which lack composability and violate software engineering principles such as separation of concerns. In this paper, we present CrimeSPOT as a domain-specific language for programming WSN applications on top of event-driven middleware. Its node-centric features enable programming a node’s interactions through declarative rules rather than event handlers. Its network-centric features support reusing code within and among WSN applications. Unique to CrimeSPOT is its support for associating application-specific semantics with events that carry sensor readings. These preclude transposing existing approaches that address the shortcomings of event-based middleware to the domain of wireless sensor networks. We provide a comprehensive overview of the language and the implementation of its accompanying runtime. The latter comprises several extensions to the Rete forward chaining algorithm. We evaluate the expressiveness of the language and the overhead of its runtime using small, but representative active WSN applications.     

Mires: a publish/subscribe middleware for sensor networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of small devices with computational power, wireless communication and sensing capability. These networks have been developed for a wide range of applications, such as habitat monitoring, object tracking, precision agriculture, building monitoring and military systems. Meanwhile, middleware systems have also been proposed in to facilitate both the development of these applications and provide common application services. The development of middleware for sensor networks, however, places new challenges on middleware developers due to the low availability of resources and processing capacity of the sensor nodes. In this context, this paper presents the design and implementation of a middleware for WSN named Mires. Mires incorporates characteristics of message-oriented middleware by allowing applications communicate in a publish/subscribe way. In order to illustrate the proposed middleware, we have also developed an environment-monitoring application and a data aggregation service.

QISM：一种基于中间件和服务的无线传感器网络主动QoS体系

提出了一种基于中间件、面向服务的无线传感器网络主动QoS体系QISM,对其设计思想、体系结构、关键模块和工作过程进行了论述.基于应用和网络反馈协商的动态调节机制,基于中间件和服务发布与订阅的体系结构,以及基于Topic和功能域的表达方式,是QISM的重要特点.QISM通过对应用和网络的动态调节,使网络最大限度的支持应用,应用最大程度的适应网络,从而更好地保证了应用的完成,延长了网络生命期.针对典型场景的仿真结果表明,QISM机制具有良好的QoS控制能力和灵活性,支持复杂应用,且同网络结构形式无关.     

Intelligent service processing in common USN middleware

The Ubiquitous sensor network (USN) is composed of several heterogeneous sensors with a variety of characteristics. An application based on the sensor network also has various requirements to provide services to users. Therefore it is important to develop the common USN middleware for flexible integration between the sensor networks and applications. Especially, this paper focuses on intelligent service management which is one of the main functions of USN middleware. Several applications in the sensor network environment support not only monitoring services, but also sensor-based context-awareness and intelligent services. In many applications, however, approaches to support intelligent services depend on the application because the standard method has been undefined yet. Therefore this paper proposes a common method for processing intelligent services in USN middleware independent of an application. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated as a component of USN middleware.     

Efficient allocation of resources in multiple heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are useful for a wide range of applications, from different domains. Recently, new features and design trends have emerged in the WSN field, making those networks appealing not only to the scientific community but also to the industry. One such trend is the running different applications on heterogeneous sensor nodes deployed in multiple WSNs in order to better exploit the expensive physical network infrastructure. Another trend deals with the capability of accessing sensor generated data from the Web, fitting WSNs in novel paradigms of Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things (WoT). Using well-known and broadly accepted Web standards and protocols enables the interoperation of heterogeneous WSNs and the integration of their data with other Web resources, in order to provide the final user with value-added information and applications. Such emergent scenarios where multiple networks and applications interoperate to meet high level requirements of the user will pose several changes in the design and execution of WSN systems. One of these challenges regards the fact that applications will probably compete for the resources offered by the underlying sensor nodes through the Web. Thus, it is crucial to design mechanisms that effectively and dynamically coordinate the sharing of the available resources to optimize resource utilization while meeting application requirements. However, it is likely that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications cannot be simultaneously met, while efficiently sharing the scarce networks resources, thus bringing the need of managing an inherent tradeoff. In this paper, we argue that a middleware platform is required to manage heterogeneous WSNs and efficiently share their resources while satisfying user needs in the emergent scenarios of WoT. Such middleware should provide several services to control running application as well as to distribute and coordinate nodes in the execution of submitted sensing tasks in an energy-efficient and QoS-enabled way. As part of the middleware provided services we present the Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous WSNs (SACHSEN) algorithm. SACHSEN is a new resource allocation heuristic for systems composed of heterogeneous WSNs that effectively deals with the tradeoff between possibly conflicting QoS requirements and exploits heterogeneity of multiple WSNs.     

中间件在无线传感器网络节点设计中的应用

在无线传感器网络(W SNs)节点设计和应用软件开发中引入中间件技术,提出了一种基于中间件的W SNs节点软件、硬件体系结构。一定程度上简化了异构的传感器网络的应用开发,并使得不同应用实例之间实现跨网络的协同工作。     

面向无线传感器网络节点定位的移动锚节点路径规划

节点定位是无线传感器网络技术研究的一个基本问题,大多数无线传感器网络的应用和中间件技术都需要节点的位置信息.目前比较实用的定位方法是利用一些移动锚节点(如安装有GPS)根据有效的规划路径移动,通过发送包含其自身坐标的信息来定位其他节点,该方法不过多地增加无线传感器网络成本,还可以获得较高的定位精度.在该方法中,移动锚节点的路径规划问题是需要解决的基本问题.主要研究移动锚节点的路径规划问题,把图论引入到无线传感器网络节点定位系统.把无线传感器网络看成一个连通的节点无向图,路径规划问题转化为图的生成树及遍历问题,提出了宽度优先和回溯式贪婪算法.仿真实验和真实系统实验结果表明,该方法能够很好地适应无线传感器网络节点随机分布的节点定位,可以取得较高的定位精度.     

基于JXTA的WSN网络中间件的设计与实现

目前无线传感器网络WSN的中间件还处于研究的初级阶段。根据WSN网络节点是平等、无固定拓扑结构的特点,引用P2P中的JXTA作为WSN的中间件,并针对传统网络节点只能共享数据的现状,在原先的JXTA服务架构基础上再加入移动代码服务。     

无线传感器网络中间件研究进展

无线传感器网络作为一种新兴的技术,受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注.然而随着传感器网络及其应用的发展,系统的复杂性也随之增加,与传统网络相比无限传感器网络又具有其独特的特征,使得无线传感器网络的程序开发变得更加困难.中间件提供了一个编程抽象,方便了应用程序的开发,缩减了应用程序和底层设备的间隙.针对无线传感器网络的特点,分析了无线传感器网络中间件设计面临的问题,对有关设计方法进行了分类评述,并对几种典型中间件进行了比较,最后从通信范式、QoS支持和安全等方面提出了一些改进思路.