用于空间辐射环境探测的金刚石探测器研究综述

空间辐射环境探测可减轻或避免辐射环境对航天器和宇航员的危害,已成为近年来各航天大国研究空间环境的热点。对空间辐射环境进行探测的探测器较多,包括气体探测器、闪烁体探测器和半导体探测器,半导体探测器具有能量分辨率高、探测效率高等优点,已逐渐取代其他两种探测器。金刚石辐射探测器是半导体探测器的一种,具有探测精度高、耐候性好、无需制冷、寿命长以及抗辐射能力强等优点,特别适合长周期、强辐射的深空探测。同时,金刚石禁带宽度大,不响应可见光,可实现日盲观测,已被欧洲空间局(ESA)用于太阳紫外辐射探测。俄罗斯工业技术中心在多种粒子复合探测方面正在研制宇宙射线光谱仪,尽管探测能区集中在中高能,但该光谱仪可实现电子、质子和重粒子的复合探测。基于目前金刚石辐射探测器在单粒子辐射探测中的应用及空间复杂的多种粒子辐射环境,我国的空间辐射环境探测研究应通过设计基于多层金刚石膜的单粒子辐射探测器来提高探测器的能量分辨率,再构建探测器矩阵进行多种粒子复合探测,将人工神经网络算法引入数据处理过程,以拓展探测范围到低能区,实现全能量范围粒子的探测,从而为开展金刚石探测器在空间站、深空辐射环境探测等领域的应用探索奠定基础。     

Fabrication of high-quality silver nanowire conductive film and its application for transparent film heaters

Here,we report a facile method to produce pure silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high yield.A highly conductive dispersant was used to ensure uniform dispersion of the AgNWs.Without any posttreatment,the AgNW networks,deposited on flexible substrates,showed excellent optoelectrical performance owing to minimal junction resistance between the AgNWs.To explore their potential in flexible optoelectronic devices,a transparent film heater was constructed based on the present AgNW networks.The heater could achieve rapid response at low input voltage and reach a relatively high temperature in a short response time.Since this high-quality AgNW film exhibits relatively low production costs and fast production time,it may have value for future electronic industry applications.     

对接综合试验台温度环境模拟分系统研制与试验验证

研制了一种新型对接机构综合试验台环境模拟分系统,为空间对接机构提供高低温的试验环境,以便了解对接机构在不同的冷却状态、冷却速率条件下的性能及其对对接过程的影响。系统利用液氮喷射散流装置与可控硅控制的电加热器组合运行,为模拟试验提供高低温环境。同时利用高精度快速反应的气动调节装置和旁通分流方法维持试验空间的压力稳定,以消除附加压力对对接试验过程的影响。通过基于PLC的Fuzzy-PID多级控制和数据实时采集系统对环境模拟分系统的各关键控制点和监视点进行实时扫描。试验验证表明,建立的对接机构综合试验台环境模拟分系统能够满足试验过程对温度均匀度和压力稳定的要求,能为地面模拟对接过程提供合适的模拟环境。     

Two kinds of tube elements for transient thermal–structural analysis of large space structures

Two kinds of thin‐walled tube elements are presented for transient thermal–structural analysis of large space structures by the finite element method. Not only the average temperature, but also the perturbation temperature in the cross‐section of the tube is considered in the present elements. These two temperatures are decoupled in the deduction about the new elements and the non‐linear analysis is restricted to solving the equations of average temperature. Therefore, the magnitude of the non‐linear analysis can be reduced by the presented method. The main difference between the two kinds of thin‐walled tube elements is in the shape functions of the temperature along the circumference of cross‐section. Corresponding to the transient temperature field, quasistatic thermo‐elastic analysis is also introduced. Three examples are shown and the effectiveness of the new elements is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自由飞行空间机器人电联试实验平台的研制

为检验自由飞行空间机器人(FFSR)系统各个部件电接口传递信息的正确性及系统在轨执行任务的能力,采用数值模拟方法,通过软硬件结合的方式建立了FFSR电联试实验平台.该平台主要由主控计算机、主机系统、虚拟关节、虚拟视觉等4个功能模块组成.在此平台基础上建立了基于视觉反馈的机械臂运动控制算法和电机三环控制模型.该平台可用于对实际FFSR系统的数值仿真.对电联试实验平台的测试结果表明,该平台能够很好地完成对实际机器人系统通讯能力的模拟测试及系统控制算法的仿真验证.     

Analysis of space mapping algorithms for application to partitioned fluid–structure interaction problems

Fluid–structure interactions (FSI) play a crucial role in many engineering fields. However, the computational cost associated with high‐fidelity aeroelastic models currently precludes their direct use in industry, especially for strong interactions. The strongly coupled segregated problem—that results from domain partitioning—can be interpreted as an optimization problem of a fluid–structure interface residual. Multi‐fidelity optimization techniques can therefore directly be applied to this problem in order to obtain the solution efficiently. In previous work, it is already shown that aggressive space mapping (ASM) can be used in this context. In this contribution, we extend the research towards the use of space mapping for FSI simulations. We investigate the performance of two other approaches, generalized space mapping and output space mapping, by application to both compressible and incompressible 2D problems. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of the applied low‐fidelity model on the achievable speedup is presented. The results indicate that output space mapping is a viable alternative to ASM when applied in the context of solver coupling for partitioned FSI, showing similar performance as ASM and resulting in reductions in computational cost up to 50% with respect to the reference quasi‐Newton method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.