An investigation on microwave sintering of Fe, Fe–Cu and Fe–Cu–C alloys

The powder characteristics of metallic powders play a key role during sintering. Densification and mechanical properties were also influenced by it. The current study examines the effect of heating mode on densification, microstructure, phase compositions and properties of Fe, Fe–2Cu and Fe–2Cu–0·8C systems. The compacts were heated in 2·45 GHz microwave sintering furnaces under forming gas (95%N₂–5%H₂) at 1120 °C for 60 min. Results of densification, mechanical properties and microstructural development of the microwave-sintered samples were reported and critically analysed in terms of various powder processing steps.     

Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Pr–Fe–B/Fe/Pr–Fe–B Films

Pr?CFe?CB/Fe/Pr?CFe?CB films with different Fe layer thicknesses were deposited by magnetron sputtering on Si (100) substrate heated at 650?°C. Structural and magnetic properties of the Pr?CFe?CB/Fe/Pr?CFe?CB films were investigated. X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurement results reveal that the Pr?CFe?CB/Fe/Pr?CFe?CB films are anisotropic when the thickness of Fe layer is smaller than 50?nm. The enhancement of the saturation magnetization in nanocomposite films is attributed to the exchange coupling between the soft and hard phases. The highest coercivity of about 13.9 kOe is achieved in the Mo(50?nm)/Pr?CFe?CB(50?nm)/Mo(2?nm)/Fe(2?nm)/Mo(2?nm)/Pr?CFe?CB(50?nm)/Mo(50?nm) film and increasing the thickness of soft-magnetic layer results in a continuous decreasing of the coercivity.     

Interfacial magnetic coupling between Fe nanoparticles in Fe–Ag granular alloys

The role of the interface in mediating interparticle magnetic interactions has been analysed in Fe50Ag50 and Fe55Ag45 granular thin films deposited by the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). These samples are composed of crystalline bcc Fe (2–4 nm) nanoparticles and fcc Ag (10–12 nm) nanoparticles, separated by an amorphous Fe50Ag50 interface, occupying around 20% of the sample volume, as determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Interfacial magnetic coupling between Fe nanoparticles is studied by dc magnetization and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Fe K and Ag L2,3 edges. This paper reveals that these thin films present two magnetic transitions, at low and high temperatures, which are strongly related to the magnetic state of the amorphous interface, which acts as a barrier for interparticle magnetic coupling.     

Fe刻蚀金刚石的研究

用AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy)微区成分分析法研究了金刚石与Fe的相界面附近C原子的分布与规律,建立了在950℃、6min烧结条件下C原子在Fe中分布的经验公式,并探讨了Fe对金刚石刻蚀的过程与机制      

Sm2Fe17和Sm10.5Fe88.5Zr1.0的氮化行为

通过真空电弧炉制备了Sm2Fe17和Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0母合金，铸态Sm2Fe17先经均匀化处理后再氮化．而Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0则不经均匀化退火而直接在高纯氮气中氮化。运用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术对其氮化行为进行了研究。薄片扩散实验表明氮在Sm2Fe17中的扩散要比在Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1．0中的扩散快。运用Fick第二定律通过理论计算得出直径为20μm的Sm2Fe17合金和Sm10.5Fe88．5Zr1.0合金球形粉末粒子，实现充分氮化的时间为10h和16h。实际粉末实现完全氮化的时间要比理论计算的时间少。这和粒径分布、颗粒表面状态、氮化过程产生的微裂纹以及实际条件和理想条件的差异有关。对于直径为20μm的粉末，氮化时间为6h时氮化已基本完成，氮化时间过长．Sm2Fe17Nx会发生分解。     

Pearlite growth rate in Fe–C and Fe–Mn–C steels

The kinetic theory for the growth of pearlite in binary and ternary steels is implemented to ensure local equilibrium at the transformation front with austenite, while accounting for both boundary and volume diffusion of solutes. Good agreement is on the whole observed with published experimental data, although the reported growth rate at the lowest of temperatures is much smaller than predicted. To investigate this, experiments were conducted to replicate the published data. It is found that the cooperation between cementite and ferrite breaks down at these temperatures, and surface relief experiments are reported to verify that the resulting transformation product is not bainite.     

Oxidation and abrasive wear of Fe–Si and Fe–Al intermetallic alloys

In the present work, intermetallic alloys Fe–Si and Fe–Al (Fe₃Si–C–Cr and Fe₃Al-C), produced by induction melting, were evaluated regarding their oxidation and abrasive resistance. The tests performed were quasi-isothermal oxidation, cyclic oxidation, and dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion. As reference, the ASTM A297-HH grade stainless steel was tested in the same conditions. In the oxidation tests, the Fe–Al based alloy presented the lowest oxidation rate, and the Fe–Si based alloy achieved the best results in the abrasion test, showing better performance than the HH type stainless steel.     

Solidification microstructures selection of Fe–Cr–Ni and Fe–Ni alloys

The transition of solidified phases in Fe–Cr–Ni and Fe–Ni alloys was investigated from low to high growth rate ranges using a Bridgman type furnace, laser resolidification and casting into a substrate from superheated or undercooled melt. The ferrite–austenite regular eutectic growth, which is difficult to find in typical production conditions of stainless steels, was confirmed under low growth rate conditions. The transition velocity between eutectic and ferrite cell growth had a good agreement predicted by the phase selection criterion. Which of either ferrite or austenite is easier to form in the high growth range was discussed from the point of nucleation and growth. Metastable austenite formation in stable primary ferrite composition was mainly a result of growth competition between ferrite and austenite. For a binary Fe–Ni system, a planar metastable austenite in the steady state, simultaneous growth such as eutectic and banded growth between ferrite and austenite in an initial transient region are confirmed.     

TiC/Fe体系自蔓延高温合成过程中金属相Fe的作用

本文探讨了金属相Ｆｅ的含量变化对ＴｉＣ／Ｆｅ体系自蔓延高温合成的影响。随着Ｆｅ含量的增高，燃烧温度降低，在Ｆｅ为３０～３５ｗｔ％时出现一个温度平台，对应着Ｆｅ的熔融。燃烧波速度在Ｆｅ为１０ｗｔ％时出现极大值，反映ＳＨＳ过程中Ｆｅ液相的作用。Ｆｅ含量增高，体系的燃烧模式由稳态燃烧转变为振荡式和螺旋式燃烧，当Ｆｅ＞６０ｗｔ％时，体系燃烧反应则不能自持。合成产物中ＴｉＣ粒度随着Ｆｅ含量增高而变细，反映了燃烧温度和铁液相对ＴｉＣ粒子生长的联合作用。     

TiC／Fe体系自蔓延高温合成过程中金属相Fe的作用

本文探讨了金属相Ｆｅ的含量变化对ＴｉＣ／Ｆｅ体系自蔓高温合成的影响，随着Ｆｅ含量的增高，燃烧温度降低，在Ｆｅ为３０～３５ｗｔ％时出现一个温度平台，对应着Ｆｅ的熔融，燃烧波速度Ｆｅ为１０ｗｔ％时出现极大值，反映ＳＨＳ过程中Ｆｅ液相的作用，Ｆｅ含量增高，体系的燃烧模式由稳态燃烧转变为振荡式和螺旋式燃烧，当Ｆｅ〉６０ｗｔ％时，体系燃烧反应则不能自持，合成产物中ＴｉＣ粒度随着Ｆｅ含量增高而变细，反映了燃烧     

Dilatometric behavior and microstructure of sintered Fe–NbC and Fe–TaC composites

Fe-reinforced composites were manufactured by the addition of 10–20 wt.% NbC or TaC particles aiming at improved mechanical and wear behavior. Two varieties of Fe powders from Hoeganaes Corp. were used, Ancorsteel 1000B and 45P. Composites produced using the former variety included a small amount of Fe₃P to induce liquid-phase sintering whereas 45P powder was pre-alloyed with P by the manufacturer. The hardness of the matrix was adjusted adding carbon to the composite mixture. The powders were milled for different times and annealed prior to pressing. A dilatometric study was carried out under hydrogen to establish optimum sintering profiles. Relative densities up to 97% TD were achieved. Both microstructure and density of the sintered pellets were evaluated in order to establish correlations involving composition, processing parameters and microstructure of the composite.     

Fe—Mn和Fe—Mn—Si粉末混合物的机械合金化

对Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ成分的粉末混合物进行了机械球磨，并对不同时间的球磨样品进行了Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和Ｍｏ¨ｓｂａｕｅｒ谱测量。结果表明，球磨使得Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ在原子尺度上发生了混合，形成了顺磁性、面心立方结构的Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ或Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ纳米晶合金，这是Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ或Ｓｉ原子由颗粒表面到体内扩散的结果。球磨６７ｈ以后结构未发生变化，表明形成的是一种热力学亚稳结构，这个结果与Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金在室温下的相图结构明显不同。     

Fe和Fe3O4硫化制备的FeS2薄膜的性能

用溅射Fe和电沉积Fe3O4先驱体硫化制备出FeS2薄膜,研究了不同先驱体对硫化过程和FeS2薄膜性能的影响．结果表明,两种先驱体结晶成的FeS2能够在一定程度上保留先驱体形貌特征．Fe生成FeS2的热力学驱动力比较高,虽然可能生成FeS的过渡相;Fe硫化生成的薄膜平整致密,晶粒生长比较充分,尺寸较大,其禁带宽度接近理论值．Fe3O4硫化生成FeS2的热力学驱动力较低,生成的薄膜表面疏松多孔,晶粒细小;薄膜的晶界等面缺陷比例较大和几何连续性较低使其电阻率较高、禁带宽度和载流子迁移率低于Fe膜硫化FeS2薄膜．     

Landau–Zener spin transitions in Fe2+–Fe2+ quantum dots controlling dislocation mobility in NaCl:Fe crystals

Magnetic field induces transition in the distorted Fe²⁺–Fe²⁺ pairs (quantum dots) from the initial bonding singlet state to the high spin antibonding state providing decay of the pairs for two separated Fe²⁺ ions. Dislocations moving under internal stresses easily overcome separated Fe²⁺ ions in comparison with Fe²⁺–Fe²⁺ pairs lying close to the glide plane. Non-monotonous field dependence of dislocation displacements under internal stresses governed by short (100 μs) impulse of high magnetic fields up to 31 T was revealed in NaCl:Fe crystals. This non-typical dependence is the fingerprint of the Landau–Zener non-adiabatic spin transition between singlet and high spin states in quantum dots distorted by mechanical stresses of moving dislocations.     

图解法求Fe—Fe3C状态图中任一合金的各种渗碳体含量

介绍了一种用图解法求Fe-Fe_3C状态图中任一合金的各种渗碳体含量的简便方法,形象直观,便于比较,得到的结果较为准确可靠。