矿山酸性废水处理及源头控制技术展望

分析了矿山酸性废水的来源,特点,产生机理及国内外处理方法。针对矿山酸性废水特点,论述了源头控制技术,最后提出利用粉煤灰覆盖废石堆和尾矿库技术,对有色金属矿山酸性废水进行源头控制,达到以废治废、减少污染物排放和缩减处理成本的目的。     

Design of a Dry Cover Pilot Test for Acid Mine Drainage Abatement in Southern Brazil. I: Materials Characterization and Numerical Modeling

Pyritic coal wastes produced by a coal beneficiation plant in the State of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil are acid generating. In this paper, we report the results from the first phase of a study evaluating the performance of dry covers for minimizing generation of acid mine drainage and its release to the environment. The first phase includes our investigation of locally available materials for dry covers. Numerical modeling led to four configurations being selected for testing: a dry cover using a double capillary barrier with bottom ash, a dry cover with a single layer of clay, a dry cover with mixed waste, and waste with no cover. Modeling also showed that the best position for the lysimeter was at the bottom of the excavation, where it would not interfere with the water flux in the waste. A subsequent paper will describe the construction of the experimental unit and the results of the geotechnical and geochemical studies.     

四象限运行开关磁阻电机在矸石山提升机中的应用

以平煤集团二矿矸石山提升机系统改造为背景,对开关磁阻电机(SRM)在矸石山提升机系统中的应用进行了研究。分析了SRM的四象限运行驱动控制方法,设计了基于TMS320F2812为控制核心的全数字100 kW三相12/8极结构开关磁阻电机驱动(SRD)系统。现场实际运行结果表明,系统获得很好的四象限运行控制效果。     

基于在线自适应极限学习机的矿山排土场滑坡预警模型

排土场滑坡是矿山的重大灾害之一,严重威胁着矿山的安全生产,矿山排土场受地质、人为、自然等多种因素的影响,采用单一指标难以准确和有效地预测滑坡变形趋势和安全稳定性,针对此问题本文提出了基于自适应极限学习机的矿山排土场滑坡预警模型。通过将岩土内摩擦角、坡角、坡高、容重、孔隙水压力系数和内聚力等指标作为输入单元,以稳定系数作为输出单元,对已有的数据进行训练和测试,应用效果表明该方法的理论计算结果与工程实际状况基本一致,具有良好的适应能力,对提高矿山排土场滑坡预警能力和准确性有着一定的借鉴意义。     

哈尔乌素露天煤矿排土场土壤肥力综合评价

通过对哈尔乌素露天煤矿排土场土壤基本养分状况的调查分析及综合评价,综合肥力系数为0.967～1.388,该矿排土场土壤肥力为一般。样地1和样地6(均为原始地貌)综合肥力系数值较好,分别为1.716和1.81。因此在生产剥离阶段,应将剥离的表土保存起来,用于将来排土场的覆土和生态重建。     

A Geotechnical Solution to Reduce Acid Mine Drainage Generation at Recreio Mine

Coal mining is frequently associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) generated by tailings and waste dumps containing sulphide minerals. A practical and economical alternative to minimise AMD generation is to avoid the contact between water and waste dumps using a compacted soil cover. This study evaluates the use of distinct raw materials as cover layers. The study area was an open pit coal mine in the south of Brazil. Geotechnical characterization, physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out on two different soils from this mine. Hydraulic conductivity tests were performed using Flexible-Wall Permeameter. The results obtained from the hydraulic conductivity tests for two compacted soils suggest their applicability as impermeable layers. Considering the operational aspects at the mine and the characteristics determined for the soils a new construction scheme for the dump site was suggested.     

SRB菌的分离鉴定及其对矸石山酸性废水的处理

为了得到煤矸石山酸性废水处理的专属功能微生物,从湖南湘潭某煤矸石山周边土壤中分离筛选硫酸盐还原菌,分析菌株的16S rRNA基因序列,形态和生理生化特性,并利用得到的菌株处理矸石山酸性废水。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,所分离得到的硫酸盐还原菌株S-7与Desulfuromonas alkenivorans同源性达到99.0%。该菌株为杆状稍有弯曲,能运动,大小(0.5~0.8)μm×(3.0~4.0)μm,革兰氏染色显阴性,最适生长温度为30℃,最适p H值范围6~8,酵母粉为最好的碳源和氮源,硫酸钠为最适合硫源,菌株经培养96 h后细胞浓度高达1.76×109个/m L。培养初始p H为7时,6 d可去除体系中90%硫酸根离子,而不同硫酸根离子浓度对菌株生长和硫酸盐去除效率影响不明显。S-7菌株对矸石山酸性废水中Fe,Mn,Pb和Zn四种重金属离子均存在处理效果,整体上去除效率为PbFeZnMn,其中Pb离子经7 d处理后去除率达到100%。     

基于CAN总线的煤矿自卸车系统设计与应用

在煤矿生产过程中,自卸车属于机、电、液三者相融合的大功率设备。随着控制技术水平的不断提升,针对煤矿自卸车上所使用的控制器数量也逐渐增多。虽然电子控制器能够使煤矿自卸车在自动化程度方面得到很好地提高,但是却使整个自卸车系统的控制复杂化。因此,针对高可靠性的CAN总线技术,对煤矿自卸车系统采用CAN总线的工作原理及参数的选择进行分析,根据实际煤矿自卸车应用状况,设计出合理的系统硬件和软件、CAN总线网络数据处理与整合,并进行应用测试。     

法国复LAMARTINIE露天煤矿的排土场建设及其生态恢复

法国中南部煤田矿山公司()每年复垦几百公顷土地他们之所以在矿山土地复垦HBCM方面取得了巨大的成功,是因为它们把矿山土地复垦问题纳入了采矿设计之中。露天矿La Martinie排土场的建设及其生态恢复是公司在矿山土地复垦方面的一个示范性工程,该矿在矿山开发HBCM可行性研究阶段就开始考虑土地复垦问题,并就复垦工程及复垦后土地再利用等问题同附近社区居民、当地政府及地方团体进行过多次磋商。详细介绍了法国露天矿排土场建设、复垦及La Martinie土地再利用的技术方法及施工组织管理经验,其对我国露天矿山土地复垦工作具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

Design of a Dry Cover Pilot Test for Acid Mine Drainage Abatement in Southern Brazil, Part II: Pilot Unit Construction and Initial Monitoring

Pyritic coal wastes produced by a coal beneficiation plant in the state of Santa Catarina in Southern Brazil are acid generating. Here we report the second part of a study evaluating the use of a dry cover to minimize acid mine drainage generation and its release into the environment. This part encompasses the construction and initial monitoring of an experimental pilot-scale unit. Local clays and ash from a power station were used as cover materials. Monitoring started in October 2007 and will extend for at least 4 years. Initial results of the dry cover system constructed using compacted locally available clay and ash look promising. The pH of the drainage ranged from 6.0 to 7.0, within the legal limits for discharge into the environment.     

模糊PID控制的SRD在煤矿矸石山提升机中的应用

设计了开关磁阻电机调速系统(SRD),介绍了SRD在煤矿矸石山提升机中的应用,详细叙述了模糊自适应PID速度控制器的设计。通过模糊控制器对PID参数的在线调整,解决了传统PID不能适应参数变化较大的煤矿矸石山提升机调速系统需要的问题,减小了系统超调量,缩短了系统响应时间,提高了系统稳态精度,取得了较好的调速效果。     

PLC在煤矿排水机械中的设计与应用

首先对PLC及其自身特性以及在煤矿排水系统中的作用进行了简单的阐述,其次对我国目前的煤矿排水机械的设计以及利用PLC在煤矿排水机械中的结构设计进行了相应的论述,最后在对PLC在煤矿排水应用中的工作原理及其在应用中发挥的优势进行了简要分析的同时也对PLC的未来发展趋势做了畅想。     

胜利一号露天煤矿排土场植物多样性研究

以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟胜利一号露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,通过对排土场植物群落组成的调查,利用应用值计算露天煤矿排土场植物丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数,分析排土场物种的多样性,为胜利一号露天煤矿排土场生态修复提供理论和技术依据。结果表明,胜利一号露天煤矿排土场的总共物种数为82种,隶属28个科,禾本科、菊科、豆科是排土场植物群落的主要物种;在人工恢复措施下,排土场植物群落逐渐由一年、二年生草本植物为主的群落演替为多年生草本植物为主的群落。排土场Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson多样性指数数值南排土场最高。     

伊敏露天矿内排土场边坡灾变机理研究

伊敏露天矿属于富水软岩边坡露天矿,富水煤岩边坡系统强度低、充水量大、渗透性差、演化弱层赋存复杂,容易存在滑坡隐患。通过分析伊敏露天矿的地质条件,确定了内排土场地下水的渗流方式;基于典型地质剖面建立SEEP/W渗流分析模型对内排土场地下水渗流进行模拟;分别对现状内排和设计内排进行模拟,得到现状内排较为稳定,但雨季仍有滑坡风险的结论。     

某矿露天坑改建排土场后稳定性分析及评价

排土场是露天矿山的重要组成部分,其稳定性问题是露天矿安全生产最为关注的安全问题之一。本文根据某露天矿实际情况,为减少占地资源,提出将露天坑改设为排土场的方案。通过FLAC3D数值软件进行改建后排土场的稳定性模拟分析,探究改建后的安全性及方案的可行性。研究结果表明,露天坑改建排土场具有较强的可行性,具备突出的社会效应和经济价值;除解决了矿山中排土场的用地问题,节约大量土地,为矿山复垦奠定了基础;对比模拟计算结果,考虑自重及地下水条件的安全系数为1.5,考虑自重、地下水及爆破振动影响的安全系数为1.31,均满足三级排土场的稳定性要求。本文为露天坑改建排土场的可操作性提供了可借鉴的技术方案。     

PLC在煤矿主排水泵自动控制系统中的应用研究

介绍了一套煤矿主排水泵自动控制系统的设计方案及PLC在煤矿主排水控制系统中的应用,并分析其功能设计、层次结构以及应用研究。PLC通过监控水位变化等因素,实现了水泵的开启和停止的自动化以及故障诊断的自动化等。     

煤矿井下排水自动化系统研究

鉴于高产高效煤矿泵房排水自动化要求,研究了一种基于PLC、iFIX软件的集成系统,即煤矿井下自动化排水系统。介绍了该系统所达到的目标、系统的组成及其iFIX的相关应用。自动排水系统可以实现自动排水和地面上进行远程监控。     

排水固结法在马钢姑山矿临河排土场稳定性研究中的应用

本文研究将排水固结法应用到冶金矿山排土场地基防护措施研究中，经济上较优，技术上可行，通过理论分析计算，结合排土工艺，确定出合理的排水系统与加压系统，可为其它类似大型料场地基防护研究提供借鉴经验。     

弓长岭铁矿排土场边坡稳定性评价

露天采矿剥离岩土的排弃和排土场的形成,关系到矿山生产安全和人员生命财产安全.排土场稳定性是露天矿安全评价的核心内容,也是矿山安全管理的重点.以弓长岭露天铁矿大阳沟排土场边坡为例,在岩土工程勘察和物理力学性质分析基础上,通过极限平衡法和有限单元法相结合,对排土场边坡危险剖面在正常工况和降雨入渗工况下的稳定性进行计算,剖析排土场坡体稳定特征,所得结论对现场排土场具有重要的指导价值和现实意义.     

Reclamation of Abandoned Coal Mine Waste in Korea using Lime Cake By-Products

Abstract.  There are hundreds of abandoned coal mines in Korea's steep mountain valleys. Enormous amounts of coal waste from these mines were dumped on the slopes, contaminating streams with sediment and acid mine drainage. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake), which is produced during the manufacture of soda ash, was investigated for its potential use in reclaiming the coal waste. The lime cake is fine grained, has low hydraulic conductivities (10^-8 to 10^-9 cm sec^-1), high pH, high electrical conductivity, and trace amounts of heavy metals. A field experiment was conducted; each plot was 20 x 5 m in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), lime (CaCO₃), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) of the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined; treatments consisted of adding 25, 50, and 100% of the LR. The lime cake and lime were applied either as a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses, and planted with trees. In each plot, soils, surface runoff, and subsurface water were collected and analyzed, and plant cover was measured. Lime cake treatments increased the pH of the coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7. Moreover, the surface cover of seeded species was significantly increased; sufficient acidity in the coal waste was neutralized in the 25% LR plots to allow seed germination.