Gazetteer enrichment for addressing urban areas: a case study

The advent of volunteered geographical information (VGI) has contributed to the growth of the amount of user-contributed spatial data around the world. Spatial data acquired from crowdsourcing environments may contain valuable information which can be useful in other research fields, such as Digital gazetteers, commonly used in Geographic Information Retrieval. Digital gazetteers have a powerful role in the geoparsing process. They need to be kept up-to-date and as comprehensive as possible to enable geoparsers to perform lookup and then resolve toponym recognition precisely over digital documents. The detection of toponyms in digital texts such as social media posts is a bottom line for discovering useful spatially related information such as complaints regarding urban areas. In this context, this article proposes a method for gazetteer enrichment leveraging VGI data sources. Indeed VGI environments are not originally developed to work as gazetteers, however, they often contain more detailed and up-to-date information than gazetteers. Our method is applied within a geoparser environment by adapting its heuristics set besides enriching the corresponding gazetteer. A case study was performed by geoparsing Twitter posts focusing solely on the messages aiming at evaluating the performance of the enriched system. The obtained results were encouraging and have provided a good basis for discussion.     

Digging into the history of VGI data-sets: results from a worldwide study on OpenStreetMap mapping activity

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) data-sets are characterised by heterogeneity due to influences from technical, social, environmental or economic factors. As a result, mapping progress does neither follow a spatially nor a temporally equal distribution, and thus can be hardly measured or predicted. Positively stated, heterogeneity leads to interesting VGI data-sets revealing regional peculiarities such as diverse community activities. This work proposes an approach for identifying regionally and temporally different developments with respect to mapping progress. Regional mapping progress is measured with a modified version of a previously proposed model for classifying activity stages, which has been used as foundation for a massive spatial and temporal analysis of the worldwide OpenStreetMap contributions between the years 2006 and 2013. It also allows the evaluation of rural and unpopulated areas. Results reveal that regional mapping progress heavily depends on a number of distinct influences such as geographical or legal borders, data imports, unexpected events or diverse community developments. The work highlights regions with distinct results by revealing individual mapping stories.     

基于SpatialWare的地理数据访问安全性研究

地理信息系统的应用越来越广泛,特别是基于网络的GIS的发展使地理空间信息通过网络被多用户所共享,因此必须考虑地理数据访问的安全性。文章以MapInfoSpatailWare空间数据引擎为研究对象,给出了基于此模式的数据访问安全性解决方案。     

地面机动目标跟踪方法研究

地面机动目标的跟踪是智能信息处理研究的一个重要问题。介绍了地面机动目标跟踪的方法,提出了基于地理信息的目标关联方法,主要采用智能启发式路径搜索算法,利用地理信息对目标经过位置进行评估从而形成最优路线。该方法通过提取地理信息计算补偿因子,选择代价小的节点作为下一步搜索对象,比盲目型深度优先或广度优先搜索提高了效率,试验表明该方法是可行的。给出了算法的详细实现步骤。     

一种基于地理位置信息的无线传感器网最小能耗路由算法

提高能量有效性是无线传感器网络(WSN)设计的主要目标之一,采用能量有效路由协议是提高WSN能量有效性的一种重要手段。该文提出了一种面向无线传感器网络的最小能耗(MEC)路由算法GLB-DMECR。该算法采用了新颖的MEC路由思想,即利用理想的最小能耗路径来引导路由选择过程,从而发现实际的MEC路径;该算法采用分布式、基于局部网络状态信息的路由决策机制,具有良好的稳定性和可扩展性;该算法充分挖掘了节点地理位置信息在路由中的效用,利用地理位置信息实现路由而不需要网络付出过多的额外代价。该算法具有较低的实现复杂度。仿真结果说明, 其最小能耗性能在非常广的网络环境下要优于或等同于现有典型同类算法。     

Landslide-Hazard Mapping Using an Expert System and a GIS

This paper presents a rule-based expert system used to create landslide warning and alert maps using as input change of landuse data from Earth observation, as well as geological, rainfall, and earthquake data stored in a Geographic Information System. The difference with other systems is in the use of change (differential) input data. The system is tested with 16 documented landslides. It can predict 11 of the 16 landslides to be among the 10% most at risk pixels in the area of study, which covers 100 km²     

基于中间件技术的嵌入式导航终端软件设计

嵌入式导航终端是嵌入式地理信息系统(Embedded Geographic Information System,EGIS)的典型应用。由于嵌入式技术的发展以及用户对导航应用需求的不断增加,软件可重用性、互通互联互操作性成为导航应用软件发展的新方向。采用中间件和构件化的设计思想,对导航终端体系结构进行改进设计,并给出系统部分模块的设计模型和关键技术,满足了实时性和可靠性要求,增强了系统的通用性。     

The Social News Gap: How News Reading and News Sharing Diverge

This article seeks to explain variation in news sharing patterns on social media. It finds that news editors have considerable power to shape the social media agenda through the use of “story importance cues” but also shows that there are some areas of news reporting (such as those related to crime and disasters) where this power does not apply. This highlights the existence of a social “news gap” where social media filters out certain types of news, producing a social media news agenda which has important differences from its traditional counterpart. The discussion suggests that this may be consequential for perceptions of crime and engagement with politics; it might even stimulate a partial reversal of the tabloidization of news outlets.     

一种不确定区域的扩展蛋黄模型

空间区域的拓扑关系建模是空间推理、地理信息系统(GIS)和计算机视觉等领域一个重要的研究内容,近年来不确定区域间的拓扑关系建模受到相关领域研究者的极大关注.基于三元组谓词给出了一种不确定区域的扩展蛋黄模型,该模型具有较高的认知合理性,将分明区域作为特例统一处理,分别基于RCC5和RCC8关系进行了扩展,能够实现多层次上的拓扑关系分析.     

近地空间与电子信息战

信息是现代战争的战略资源，信息战是未来战争的主要形式，电子信息战是战场信息战的主体。介绍了近地空间的特点，说明了它是未来电子信息战的重要战场。提出了近地空间电子信息战的应用设想，为技术开发和应用研究提供参考。     

基于地理信息系统的有线电视网络管理

分析了地理信息系统 (GIS)在有线电视网络管理中的应用 ,描述了有线电视网络管理的功能、组成 ,讨论了GIS在有线电视应用中的实际问题并提出了具体建议     

能力开放平台中GIS能力的设计与实现

本文基于中国移动的能力开放平台及其LBMP,通过设计和实现一组简洁优秀的REST（Representational State Transfer）风格接口,实现其GIS（Geographic Information System）能力的对外开放,使得基于GIS能力的应用开发者可以使用这些简单易懂的接口高效开发各类应用。     

J2ME平台下基于手机定位实现的移动GIS导航系统

结合手机定位与数字地图传送功能,对J2ME开发平台下基于手机定位实现便携式移动导航系统进行了研究,提出了可行的解决实现方案。利用手机提供的基于位置服务功能LBS(Location Based Server),通过无线通信网络传送用户所在区域的数字地图,为用户提供定位、导航、服务等多种相关的信息。整个系统由无线移动终端、数字地图服务器、网关3部分组成,通过在手机中内嵌J2ME-MIDP,让手机端可以提供更新准确的定位服务,地图服务器和网关建立在传统的以太网络上,可以有效地减少网络通信的时间,降低系统复杂度。实验中以浙江大学校园地图为例,结合WAP Push技术和手机定位功能,成功地实现了手机导航的功能。     

基于Internet的地理信息系统体系结构及实现

网络与地理信息系统结合成W ebGIS是GIS发展的必然趋势。本文在概述W eb GIS概念、特征、应用层面后,通过剖析其体系结构模型,探讨了实现W ebGIS的几种方式,最后提出一个实现W ebGIS的理想方案。     

STUDY ON GIS BASED PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION IN UBAN REGION

In this letter, an integrated application of the prediction for radio wave propagation with the Geographic Information System (GIS) is presented and a real prediction system based on GIS is implemented.     

A wake-up call for the engineering and biomedical science communities

With the burst of Information Technology (IT) bubble at the beginning of this century, people are looking for the next wave of technology in which to invest. While we believe that biomedical applications and systems are this next stage, unfortunately, the engineering and bioscience communities are unprepared for the many challenges. In order to connect the engineering and the biomedical science communities, we established the LifeScience Systems and Applications (LiSSA) Technical Committee within IEEE Circuits and Systems Society in 2005--an initiative supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through a conference grant to enable dialogue between the engineering and biomedical science communities. Henceforth, we have organized several annual workshops with different themes on the NIH campus. After each workshop, a white paper is published in IEEE circuits and systems magazine to present the major challenges in various chosen theme areas. Recently, we chose "Biomarker Development and Applications" as our workshop theme. For the first time, we invited eight IEEE societies and various NIH institutes to send their representatives for face-to-face dialogue. This article presents the major challenges in biomarker development and applications based on the general consensus of the conference. The aim of the article is to serve as a wake-up call for more engineers to participate in crucial life-science application and systems research.     

GIS在通信光缆故障定位中的应用

针对通信光缆故障点地理空间位置判断困难,本文提出了一个基于地理信息系统(GlS)的光缆故障点判断方法。根据光时域反射仪(OTDR)的基本工作原理及其在光缆故障点测量中的应用,结合通信光缆维护的具体特点和要求,建立了一个光缆沿途区域的GIS系统,并提出了一个基于GIS和OTDR测量值的光缆故障点确定算法,提高了光缆维护工作的维护效率。     

基于GeoMedia平台的GIS数据库技术研究

在对地理信息系统(GIS)平台GeoMedia数据库系统充分分析,以及对GdataBase地理信息对象研究的基础上,给出了采用应用程序实现GeoMedia地理信息数据库设计的模型和方法,并结合油田电力GIS实际开发,对技术实现的要点进行具体阐述。     

基于GIS战场环境传感信息的可视化研究

现有的地理信息系统仅给出了地形、地貌数据,不能满足雷达、红外等传感器成像仿真的需要.基于此本文提出了一种在建立地形、地貌及其战场环境传感信息基础上,利用雷达、红外传感器对战场环境进行可视化仿真的方法.该方法首先是在分析地理信息系统的前提下,讨论了战场地形模型的建立方法,并给出了战场人文目标模型的建模技术,建立了战场地形...     

MANET中一种具有能量意识的无信标地理路由算法

 地理路由具有有效的传输性能和良好的可扩展能力,是当前移动Ad Hoc网络路由算法中的一个研究热点. 在许多实际场合下,网络中的节点能量有限并且难以补充,所以合理调整节点之间的能量消耗成为提高网络寿命的一种重要手段. 本文针对贪婪转发和空洞解决方案中存在的节点能量消耗不平衡的问题,提出了一种具有能量意识的无信标地理路由算法EBGR (Energy-Aware and Beaconless Geographic Routing). 该算法包括两个模式：贪婪竞争策略和空洞解决策略. 在贪婪竞争策略中,源节点或中继节点（即上游节点）广播数据包,位于数据包转发域内具有最小动态转发延迟的节点（即下游节点）转发数据包,其余候选节点侦听到该广播包后,自动放弃转发该数据包. 当遇到节点空洞时,将角度和能量信息同时加入到转发节点的动态延迟计算中,从而在数据包转发过程中有效地避绕空洞和平衡节点间的能量消耗. 仿真结果表明,与已有的BLR和GEAR等典型地理路由算法相比,平均投递率提高2%到4%;平均网络寿命提高了10%到20%.