苯基亚膦酸二甲酯的合成

以苯、三氯化磷、甲醇为主要原料,经两步反应合成了苯基亚膦酸二甲酯,并通过正交实验优化了合成条件。第一步反应：苯和三氯化磷在三氯化铝催化剂作用下生成苯基二氯化膦,n（苯）：n（三氯化铝）：n（三氯化磷）=1：3：1．3,回流时间9h,三氯氧磷为处理剂,收率为95．5％。在第二步反应中苯基二氯化膦在三乙胺存在下与甲醇作用生成目的物,反应温度20～30％,优化的物料配比为n（苯基二氯化膦）：n（甲醇）：n（三乙胺）=1：2．2：2．7,在此条件下反应收率为88．4％。     

苯基亚膦酸二乙酯的合成

以苯、三氯化磷、乙醇为主要原料 ,经两步反应合成苯基亚膦酸二乙酯。第一步反应 :苯和三氯化磷在三氯化铝催化剂作用下生成苯基二氯化膦 ,n (C6H6)∶n (PCl3 )∶n (AlCl3 ) =1∶3∶1.33,回流 12h ,三氯氧磷为处理剂 ,产率 88.6 %。第二步反应 :苯基二氯化膦在N ,N 二甲基苯胺存在下与乙醇作用生成目的物 ,n(phPCl2 )∶n (C2 H5OH)∶n [phN (CH3 ) 2 ]=1∶2 .5∶2 .2 ,反应温度 2 0— 30℃ ,产率 80 .4%。     

苯基亚膦酸二甲酯的合成

文章以苯、三氯化磷、甲醇为主要原料,经两步反应合成了苯基亚膦酸二甲酯,并通过正交实验找到了最优的合成条件。第一步反应：苯和三氯化磷在三氯化铝催化剂作用下生成苯基二氯化膦,n（C6H6）：n（AlCl3）：n（PCI3）=1：3：1．3,回流时间为9h,三氟氧磷为处理剂,收率为95．5％。在第二步反应中苯基二氯化膦在三乙胺存在下与甲醇作用生成目的物,反应温度为20～30℃,最优的物料配比为n（phPCl2）：n（CH3OH）：n[N（C2H5）3]=1：2．2：2．7,在最优反应条件下收率为88．4％。     

新型反应型阻燃剂中间体双(对甲苯基)苯基硫化膦的合成

以苯、三氯化磷、三氯化铝、硫粉、甲苯等为原料,通过三步反应,两次蒸馏,合成了新型反应型阻燃剂中间体双(对甲苯基)苯基硫化膦(BMPPS),并用IR、1H NMR和DSC对BMPPS进行了表征。结果表明,以逐滴滴加苯的投料方式,改变硫和甲苯的用量,当三氯化磷∶苯∶三氯化铝∶硫∶甲苯=3∶1∶1.1∶1.1∶3.5(摩尔比)时,BMPPS的产率可达到75.4%。本工艺对提纯BMPPS所用的乙醇进行了回收利用,减少了对环境的污染,同时也降低了实验成本。     

杂环膦化氧催化剂——PMPO的合成及聚合

以苯、三氯化磷为原料,催化合成二氯苯基膦,所得产品与异戊二烯反应得到PMPO单体,其经聚合得到PPMPO。     

苯基硫代膦酰二氯合成的研究

选用三氯化磷／苯路线,经苯基二氯化膦合成苯基硫代膦酰二氯。采用正交实验,考察了原料投料比、回流反应时间、催化剂等因素对合成的影响。实验结果表明较佳的合成工艺条件为三氯化磷：苯：三氯化铝：硫=3:1:1.1:1,回流反应5小时,产品收率达79．2％。合成产物经红外光谱分析及质谱分析,确定与标准苯基硫代膦酰二氯样品的谱图一致。     

合成苯基二氯化膦影响因素的分析研究

以苯和三氯化磷为主要原料,合成苯基二氯化膦。通过正交实验优化原料配比和反应时间;确定了最佳原料配比和反应时间;通过对比优选出氯化钠为络合剂,并对其用量和粒径进行优化。结果表明,最佳反应条件为n(苯)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(三氯化磷)∶n(氯化钠)=1.0∶1.1∶1.3∶1.6,反应时间为4 h,产率达到了91.6%。     

苯基二氯化膦的合成工艺改进

以苯、三氯化磷等为原料合成苯基二氯化膦 ,对反应条件进行了研究 ,并采用一种新的配合剂 P2 O5除去催化剂 Al Cl3,降低了生产成本 ,工艺简单、易操作 ,收率达到 80 .1 %。经红外及元素分析表明产物结构正确。     

苯基亚膦酸二乙酯的合成

以苯、三氯化磷、乙醇为主要原料，经两步反应合成苯基亚膦酸二乙酯。第一步反应：苯和三氯化磷在三氯化铝催化剂作用下生成苯基二氯化膦，(C6H6)：n（PCl3)：n(AlCl3)=1：3：1．33，回流12h，三氯氧磷为处理剂，产率88．6％。第二步反应：苯基二氯化膦在N，N-二甲基苯胺存在下与乙醇作用生成目的物，n(phPCl2)：n(C2H5OH)：n[phN(CH3)2]=1：2．5：2．2，反应温度20．30℃，产率80．4％。     

阻燃剂双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦的合成

以苯、三氯化磷、甲苯等为原料，通过改进氧化条件和纯化方法，合成了阻燃剂双（对羧苯基）苯基氧化膦，并用红外、核磁共振和差示热量热分析确定了产品的结构。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001