香雪兰组织培养中体细胞胚胎发生的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜观察香雪兰幼花序切段离体培养时产生的胚性愈伤组织和胚状体。观察表明:通过体外培养,由体细胞胚发育产生的再生小值株在形态学上与种子萌发形成的籽苗很相似。证实了香雪兰的外值体确实可以通过体细胞胚胎发生途径再生植株。     

椪柑体细胞胚胎发生的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明,椪柑胚珠离体培养的体细胞胚胎发生过程与双子叶植物合子胚的发育过程相类似,并可发育成完整植株。文中还对各阶段胚状体的形态特征和细微结构进行了观察和描述,以期为体细胞胚胎发生的早期鉴别和深入研究提共新的资料。     

大白菜小孢子胚状体发生早期的超微结构研究

大白菜小孢子胚状体发生早期的超微结构研究姜立荣刘凡曹鸣庆（北京理化测试中心，北京１０００８１）（北京蔬菜中心）本文着重报道高温处理对大白菜小孢子培养在形态、细胞早期分裂方式、各种细胞器的变化在超微结构上的影响。并讨论高温处理提高大白菜小孢子培养中胚状...     

绵枣胚状体发生的扫描电镜观察

绵枣儿(Scilla Scilloides)为百合科,绵枣儿属,是一种野生植物,其具有较强的遗传稳定性及抗逆性。关于绵枣儿组织培养及用扫描电镜进行胚状体发生的形态学研究尚未见报道。本文将绵枣儿鳞茎做为外植体,在仅含NAA激素的MS培养基上黑暗培养,诱导产生愈伤组织,并且不经转换培养基,直接在此愈伤组织表面形成颗粒状胚性愈伤组织。从胚性愈伤组织产生的胚状体经光照培养,发育为胚状体苗。电镜观察材料用FAA液固定,水洗净后,将表面水吸干。用KYKY-AMRAY1000B扫描电镜,10KV条件下,直接观察拍照。     

克劳茨基棉组织培养胚胎发生与器官分化的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察克劳茨基棉不同类型的愈伤组织和胚状体。结果表明克劳茨基棉花药诱导产生的愈伤组织可分为胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织两类；克劳茨基棉组织培养植株再生存在着两条途径，即胚胎发生途径和器官分化途径；胚状体表面光滑，不定芽表面密生着大量的表皮毛。本文提出了在扫描电镜下鉴别胚状体、不定芽、不定根的形态依据     

利用激光微束将外源基因导入高等植物细胞的研究

利用激光微束将外源基因导入高等植物细胞的研究我们建立了激光微束向植物细胞导入外源基因的试验程序，对各种经济作物和林木进行了外源基因导入的研究。所用植物材料为禾本科小麦幼胚、双子叶植物锦葵科棉花胚状体、豆科植物的百脉根子叶、兰科花卉兰花小圆珠茎、小本植...     

软骨细胞的超生结构病理

本文报告4例小儿疾病时,指掌桡骨软骨细胞及实验条件下,动物(豚鼠、鸡胚)肋软骨胫骨细胞的超微结构所见。 1、例1、11岁男孩,病理诊断,大骨节病。主要超策结构所见是关节软骨和骺板软骨深,软骨细胞的坏死。软骨细胞暗细胞之核及细胞浆全部致密化,细胞器不清楚,有脂滴,进而崩解,有者胞浆内有指纹状包含体。例2、3岁女,小叶肺炎、全身淤血、先天性心病(青紫型)。见暗细胞及亮细胞。暗细胞核内异染色质或呈宽的带状,或筛孔状。核内有同心圆状髓鞘样体,胞浆内见到多数髓鞘样体。例3、35     

克劳茨基棉组织培养坯胎发生与器官分化的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察克劳茨基棉不同类型的愈伤组织和胚状体。结果表明克劳茨基棉花药诱导产生的愈伤组织可分为胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织两类；克劳茨基棉组织培养植株于生存在着两条途径，即胚胎发生途径和器官分化途径；胚状体表面光滑，不定芽表面密生着大量的表皮毛。     

亚毫米波激光辐照对水稻无性系后代的致变效应

用连续波光泵远红外激光器调制的118．8μm波长激光照射水稻胚，把它离体培养诱导愈伤组织并再失植株，经5个世代考察，发现10^12Hz亚毫米波对水稻产生了有益的效应。     

银杏花粉萌发生长与分枝式花粉管形成的观察

本研究采用半薄切片法和扫描电镜等技术对银杏（Ginkgo bilobaL.）花粉管的体内萌发与生长以及花粉的离体培养进行了观察,结果表明：（1）银杏花粉粒通过传粉滴收缩后到达胚珠珠孔处,并经珠孔道进入贮粉室内停留,约7 d后花粉粒开始萌发;（2）贮粉室内的花粉最初萌发出的花粉管与花粉粒的四细胞轴几乎垂直,表现出明显的侧向萌发特征。初始花粉管在贮粉室内的生长方向无规律,有的通过一定的贮粉室空间向较远的珠心组织细胞间隙生长,有的直接进到较近的珠心组织细胞间隙,花粉管的生长不损伤珠心组织细胞;（3）花粉离体培养过程中会迅速发生水合作用,花粉粒由船形变为圆球形。48 h后花粉外壁脱落,管细胞膨大,花粉管自管细胞膨大处萌发。随着花粉管的生长,管细胞核移动进入花粉管内,而生殖细胞仍留在花粉粒内。伸长的花粉管可分为淀粉粒区和透明区,花粉管末端易形成多种类型的分枝。花粉管内原生质呈喷泉状流动。     

Hematopoietic changes in mice with transplantable Lewis lung carcinoma

The cell composition of bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood as well as the content of early granulocytic and macrophagal precursor cells forming colonies in agar cultures in diffusion chambers in vivo (CFU-DC) were studied in C57B1/6 mice during the Lewis carcinoma growth after subcutaneous transplantation of tumour cells. It has been shown that in peripheral blood of such mice neutrophilic leucocytosis develops and the content of CFU-DC increases considerably. The spleen has become a source of surplus production of granulocytic and macrophagal cells from the early precursors (CFU-DC) to the mature cell forms with their delivery to the peripheral blood. No essential changes in the cell composition and CFU-DC content were found in the bone marrow of femur.     

Fabry病肾脏的超微病理研究

结合临床资料对4例Fabry病进行光镜、电镜观察与分析,探讨Fabry病肾脏的超微病理变化及电镜在其早期诊断中的作用。光镜观察显示肾小球有轻微或呈不同程度局灶节段硬化,在肾小球脏层细胞和肾小管上皮细胞胞质内可观察到数量不等的圆形空泡。这些空泡在半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色后呈清晰的蓝染颗粒。电镜下可观察到一种特征性的嗜锇“斑马小体”或洋葱皮样小体。小体主要位于肾小球脏层细胞,也可出现在系膜细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、肾问质细胞以及血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞胞质内。早期病例只在部分肾小球脏层上皮细胞胞质内观察到嗜锇“斑马小体”。超微病理变化可反应疾病病变程度,特别是可为临床早期诊断提供重要的形态学依据。半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色在Fabry病诊断中有一定价值。     

细胞凋亡过程中细胞骨架改变的激光共聚焦显微镜观察

目的：了解细胞凋亡过程中细胞骨架的形态学改变。方法：应用高浓度全反式维甲酸诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡,激光共聚焦显微镜观察经荧光染色的细胞微管蛋白的形态学变化。结果：凋亡早期,微管蛋白在荧光相由正常按一定方向分布的丝网状结构变成杂乱分布的网状结构,晚期呈细颗粒状分布,荧光强度随凋亡发展而逐渐变弱。讨论：在凋亡过程中,细胞骨架随凋亡发展出现相应的形态学改变,凋亡早期,细胞骨架在分布上出现变化,伴随细胞形态出现变化,凋亡晚期,细胞骨架蛋白发生降解,此时的细胞形态改变是不可逆的。     

枸杞胚性细胞分化的超微结构研究

在植物体细胞胚发生过程中，体细胞转变为胚性细胞是细胞分化的转折点，因此对胚性细胞分化的研究进十分重要的。为此，本研究以枸札胚性细胞的分化和发育早期为重点，用半薄切片定位，进行超薄切片，以观察胚性细胞超微结构的特点。结果表明：（１）杞的胚性细胞多由愈伤组织表层的薄壁细胞分化而来；愈伤组织中不未分化的细胞体积大，细胞壁薄，形状不规则，一般都具有中央大液泡，核小，细胞质少，细胞器少。（２）胚性细胞呈卵圆     

水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期Ca2+的超微细胞化学定位

应用焦锑酸盐沉淀技术对水稻花后衰退珠心和胚乳发育初期进行了Ca^2 的超微细胞化学定位。结果显示在初始衰退的珠心细胞中Ca^2 主要分布于液泡膜上和核内；在衰退中期的珠心细胞中，Ca^ 主要分布在核膜、液泡膜及质膜上；在严重衰退的珠心细胞，Ca^2 仅存在于液泡中。珠心降解的Ca^2 跨过胚囊壁，通过质外体向胚乳内运输；发育初期的胚乳细胞，Ca^2 主要位于胞间隙，线粒体和液泡中也有少量分布。讨论了Ca^2 与珠心PCD的关系。     

Appearance of the reticular cells which trap antigens in the rat lymph node in postnatal development.

The cells binding and retaining immune complexes on their cell surface existed in rat lymph nodes with no germinal centers. This study attempted to clarify the relationship between the two types of cells, reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), in the rat lymph node at early stages of postnatal development by immuno-electron microscopy on anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and HRP injected rat. On the 19th and 23rd day after birth, germinal centers were not yet constructed nor were typical FDCs visible. However, immune complex binding cells were observed on the 23rd day, and not on the 19th. HRP reactive materials (immune complexes) were localized between lymphocytes and large lucent cells, making meshworks. They were revealed by electron microscopy on the cell surface which invaginated into the cytoplasm. The HRP reactive cells extended their cytoplasmic processes and formed a connection by their processes. They were reticular cells which enclosed reticular fibers by their cytoplasmic processes or contacted with reticular fibers closely. The reticular cells may be precursors of the FDCs.     

心脏移植受体的超微结构改变

目的：观察心脏移植标本的超微结构变化。方法：通过移植后心脏的心内膜活检，经固定、常规则超薄切片制备，JEM－2000EX透射电镜检查。结果：移植后的早期阶段，未见明显移植排斥反应的心脏心内膜活检显示间质水肿，偶尔可见毛细血管内皮细胞的肿胀。心肌细胞和内皮细胞内溶酶体明显增多。在早期细胞排斥反应阶段，电镜检查可发现显著的心肌细胞坏死和变性，并可确定浸润炎细胞的性质。在血管排斥反应阶段，辨认内皮细胞增生、内皮细胞损伤和基底膜的改变，在患有移植性冠状动脉病的病人，其缺血性心脏具有显著特点：肌动蛋白丝的缺失比肌球蛋白丝更明显，肌微丝相对较粗大。结论：这些改变对于进一步确诊心脏移植受体的排斥和局部缺血是有用的形态学特征。     

Characteristic distribution of gap junctions in rat lacrimal gland in vivo and reconstruction of a gap junction in an in vitro model

We investigated localization of the gap junction in rat lacrimal gland in vivo and in vitro using electron microscopy and immunostaining with anti-connexin32 (Cx32) monoclonal antibody (HAM8). In immunofluorescence study of lacrimal gland tissues, Cx32 protein appeared to exist not only at the intercellular borders of acinar cells, but also in the basal regions, where there apparently was no contact with adjacent acinar cells. Thin sectioning and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that lacrimal acinar cells formed autocellular gap junctions (reflexive gap junctions) in the basal regions and intercellular gap junctions with adjacent acinar cell membranes. In immunofluorescence study of primary culture, Cx32 protein was found on the free surfaces of isolated acinar cells at the early stage of culture. With culturing time, cell aggregates were formed. We observed Cx32 immunoreactivity between acinar cells in these aggregates, but not on their free surface. Electron microscopic study confirmed that these aggregates possessed intercellular gap junctions and morphologically differentiated acinar-like structures. However, reflexive gap junctions were not observed in these aggregates. In conclusion, lacrimal acinar cells form intercellular and reflexive gap junctions in vivo. On the other hand, the existence of an acinar-like structure and intercellular gap junctions indicates that acinar cells differentiated in vitro morphologically. The cells may communicate with each other through these junctions, organizing themselves into an acinar cell network in an in vitro situation.     

Efficiency calculations for AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heteroface solar cells

A computer-assisted analysis of the AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heteroface solar cell is done to find the dependence of cell efficiency on substrate doping level. Assumptions for carrier lifetime needed for the evaluation of efficiency are based on measurements of experimertal AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heteroface cells. The results show the doping range 10¹⁶to 10¹⁷cm^-3to be the best for heteroface solar cells, because experimental evidence suggests that the lifetimes required for high-efficiency cells are difficult to obtain at very low and very high doping levels. Calculations based on a T^3/2temperature dependence for lifetimes agree well with early experimental efficiency versus temperature measurements on GaAs cells, but do not explain the results for an AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heteroface cell reported by Hovel (1975).