Improving the mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ni laminated composites by adding Ni particles in Al2O3 layers

The (Al₂O₃ + Ni) composite, (Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni and Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni laminated materials were prepared by aqueous tape casting and hot pressing. Results indicated that the (Al₂O₃ + Ni) composite had higher strength and fracture toughness than those of pure Al₂O₃. The fracture toughness of (Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni and Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni laminated materials was higher than not only those of pure Al₂O₃, but also those of Al₂O₃/Ni laminar with the same layer numbers and thickness ratio. It was found that the toughness of the Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni laminated material with five layers and layer thickness ratio = 2 could reach 16.10 MPa m^1/2, which were about 4.6 times of pure Al₂O₃. The strength and toughness of the (Al₂O₃ + Ni)/Ni laminated material with three layers and layer thickness ratio = 2 could reach 417.41 MPa and 12.42 MPa m^1/2. It indicated the material had better mechanical property.     

The mechanical properties of laminated microscale composites of Al/Al2O3

The tensile properties, at both room and elevated temperatures, of laminated thin films containing alternate layers of aluminium and aluminium oxide were investigated. At room temperature the strength of the films followed a Hall-Petch type relationship dependent on the interlamellar spacing, and the strength could be extrapolated from data for conventional grain size aluminium. At the finest interlayer spacing of 50 nm, the strength was equivalent to/70, where is the shear strength of aluminium and the samples exhibited very extensive ductility. At elevated temperatures, cavitation became an important deformation mechanism but it occurred preferentially at Al/Al rather than Al/Al₂O₃ boundaries. The microstructure of the films was probed using transmission electron microscopy and fractography was used to investigate deformation and fracture mechanisms.     

Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷力学性能和介电性能的研究

以热压烧结的方法制备了Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷,探讨了Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷显微结构、力学性能及微波介电性能随Ni粒子含量变化的规律.结果表明,在垂直于压力方向上,Ni粒子有明显的受压拉伸现象;当Ni粒子含量从5%(体积分数)增加至20%(体积分数)时,金属陶瓷中Ni粒子的分布由孤立向部分桥连方式转变.随Ni粒子含量的增加,金属陶瓷致密度略有下降,抗弯强度明显降低.与纯氧化铝陶瓷相比,含20%(体积分数)Ni粒子Al2O3/Ni金属陶瓷的断裂韧性提高了50%左右,达到6.4MPa·m1/2.复介电常数测试结果表明,在8.2～12.4GHz频率范围内,金属陶瓷复介电常数的实部和损耗随Ni粒子含量的增加逐渐上升.当Ni粒子含量达到20%(体积分数)时,由于Ni粒子之间的部分桥连现象而使介电常数虚部在一定频段出现负值.     

Mechanical properties of pressure-sintered Al2O3-ZrC composites

Alumina-zirconium carbide composites containing up to 0.90 molecular fraction of carbide were prepared by pressure-sintering at 1800 K under pressures of 35 and 50 MPa. Both toughness (evaluated from the indentation cracks length) and flexural strength, first increase with carbide molecular fraction, then decrease. The influence of the sintering pressure is more marked for the toughness than for the flexural strength. The initial increase of the mechanical properties seems to be related to the alumina grain size diminution, and the subsequent decrease to the presence of poorly bonded zirconium carbide agglomerates.     

Measurement of residual stresses in Al2O3/Ni laminated composites using an X-ray diffraction technique

Using an X-ray diffraction technique, macro-residual stresses were measured in laminated composites consisting of alternating layers of -Al₂O₃ and nickel. The in-plane thermal mismatch stresses which develop during fabrication were found to be compressive and tensile in the -Al₂O₃ and nickel layers, respectively. The magnitude of the in-plane stresses was found to be 110 MPa. Models of laminate structures predict the stress state to be biaxial in the plane of the layers. However, substantial stresses were observed perpendicular to the plane of the laminate; this stress might be due to the hot-pressing procedure used to fabricate the samples. The stress on the side surface of a laminate was measured using the indentation method and the results were consistent with those obtained by the X-ray method. Three samples were heated to 700, 900 and 1000 °C, respectively, and then cooled to test the effect of stress relaxation of the residual stresses due to the thermal expansion. The heat treatments (700–1000 °C) had no effect on the measured stress states of the laminates.     

Mechanical and magnetic properties of γ-Ni–xFe/Al2O3 composites

Ultra-fine grained γ-Ni–xFe (x = 20, 50, and 64 (nominal)) dispersed Al₂O₃-matrix composites were fabricated by a mechano-chemical process plus hot-pressing, and their mechanical and magnetic properties were explored. The results indicated that all composites incorporated with different γ-Ni–xFe alloys possessed high densities (relative density D ⩾ 98%) and sub-micrometer-sized matrix dispersed with γ-Ni–xFe particles of sizes below ∼500 nm. As compared to other two composite systems, γ-Ni–20Fe/Al₂O₃ had finer microstructures and displayed superior fracture toughness and strength. In high iron-contained γ-Ni–64Fe/Al₂O₃ composite undesired FeAl₂O₄ phase formed on the matrix grain boundaries, which is mainly responsible for its inferior mechanical properties. Although Young’s modulus and hardness of Ni–20Fe/Al₂O₃ composite system decreased, its fracture toughness increased monotonously with increasing the alloy content in the composition range investigated. Moreover, incorporation of ferromagnetic γ-Ni–xFe particles led all the composite systems to display ferromagnetism with their saturation magnetization increasing almost linearly with increasing alloy content. In addition, experiments showed that their ferromagnetism had high thermal stability (T_c = ∼580 °C), no obvious magnetism degradation and magnetic interactions of the alloys with the matrix being observed. The combination of good mechanical properties with excellent magnetic performance would make this material be very valuable in industry.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能

将Al2O3-TiC陶瓷材料与具有固体润滑特性的Al2O3-TiC-CaF2陶瓷材料进行叠层,通过真空热压烧结制备Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料.在环盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损实验,研究该材料在不同载荷、转速条件下的摩擦系数和磨损率,分别用SEM及EDS观察材料磨损前后的微观形貌和分析其成分组成,研究其磨损机制.结果表明:在相同载荷条件下,Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随着转速的升高而下降,在相同转速条件下,其摩擦系数和磨损率随着载荷的增加而下降;Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.     

Mechanical properties of in-situ toughened Al2O3/Fe3Al

Mechanical properties of in-situ toughened Al₂O₃/Fe₃Al nano-/micro-composites were measured. Effects of Fe₃Al content, sintering temperature and holding time on properties and microstructure of the composites were investigated. The addition of Fe₃Al nano-particles decreased the aspect ratio and grain size of Al₂O₃, and changed the fracture mode of composites. The maximum bending strength and fracture toughness were 832 MPa and 7.96 MPa m^1/2, which were obtained in Al₂O₃/5 wt.% Fe₃Al sintered at 1530 °C and Al₂O₃/10 wt.% Fe₃Al sintered at 1600 °C, respectively. Compared to monolithic alumina, the strength increased by 132% and the toughness increased by 73%. The improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites was attributed to the change in fracture mode from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture, the “in-situ reinforced effect” arising from the platelet grains of Al₂O₃ matrix, refined microstructure by dispersoids, as well as crack deflection and bridging of intergranular and intragranular Fe₃Al.     

Processing,microstructure, and physical properties of interpenetrating Al2O3/Ni composites

Abstract

Alumina/nickel composites have been fabricated by hot pressing powder blends of various volume fractions of nickel and alumina. The electrical resistivities and Young's moduli of these composites have been measured and their dependence on the volume fraction of reinforcement has been investigated. Microstructural parameters such as contiguity were measured to quantify the distribution of the phases in these composites, and existing property models based on these data were used to predict the properties of the composites. The percolation threshold of nickel was found to occur at between 7.5 and 15 vol.-%Ni. The Young's modulus decreases as the volume fraction of nickel increases and is dependent on the contiguity of alumina. Composites containing 25, 35, 50, and 65 vol.-%Ni display microstructures with interpenetrating networks of alumina and nickel. The property models were found to fit both the resistivity and modulus data well, although the percolation threshold was predicted at a lower volume fraction than measured experimentally.     

Processing and properties of Y-TZP/Al2O3 composites

The processing and property measurement of Y-TZP/Al₂O₃ ceramic-ceramic composites was investigated. The wet chemical synthesis route was adopted for the preparation of 3Y-TZP matrix dispersed with Al₂O₃ in three different volume fractions. Characterization of the resultant powders was carried out and their densification behaviour was studied by sintering in air in the temperature range 1200–1600 °C. The role of alumina as grain-growth inhibitor for Y-TZP, and the mechanical response of these ultrafine-grain ceramic composites in terms of K_lc characteristics, have been discussed.     

Ti/Al2O3复合材料制备及其力学性能

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了性能优异的40%(体积分数)Ti/Al2O3复合材料,其弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度和相对密度分别为897.29MPa、17.38MPa·m1/2、17.13GPa和99.24%.SEM和HREM对复合材料的微观结构分析发现,晶粒细化、位错环强化等是材料强度提高的主要原因;裂纹的偏转和桥联是材料韧性提高的关键所在.     

Mechanical analysis of indentation cracking in Al2O3/ZrO2 nanostructured laminated ceramics

Residual stress is not the only driving force for indentation cracking in Al2O3/ZrO2 laminated ceramics. An additional driving force is induced by martensitic transformation in the plastic zone beneath the indenter, whereas surface residual compressive stress controls the expansion of surface cracks. Contributions of the transformation driving force and surface residual stress are not considered in the traditional indentation and indentation-strength theory. Therefore, fracture toughness value measured by the traditional methods is usually lower than the practical one in Al2O3/ZrO2 laminated ceramics. When the improved SENB (Single edge notched beam method)-indentation-fracture method from Japanese Industrial Standard (No. JIS R 1607-1990) is used to measure fracture toughness of Al2O3/ZrO2 laminated ceramics, the value is more reliable.     

Preliminary studies in the processing and characterization of Al2O3/SnO2 laminated composites

All oxide composites (reinforcement and matrix both being oxides) exhibit high temperature oxidation resistance in addition to high strength and hardness. A major drawback of these materials is that the oxide fiber and oxide matrix tend to react, which strengthens the interface and therefore drastically reduces the damage tolerance. To overcome this problem, a mechanically weak interphase material, which also serves as a diffusion barrier, is generally used. One such materials system is tin dioxide (SnO₂) in alumina-based composites. Previous attempts to fabricate such alumina matrix composites have been unsuccessful due to the higher temperatures needed to densify Al₂O₃ coupled with the fact that SnO₂ decomposes to SnO in reducing environments. SnO has a relatively low melting point (1125 °C). In this paper we report the successful fabrication of Al₂O₃/SnO₂, laminated composites and some observations on microstructural and mechanical characterization of the laminates. As expected from the phase diagram, no chemical compound formation was observed between Al₂O₃ and SnO₂ which means that no primary chemical bonding developed between individual laminae. TEM observations showed, however, a strong mechanical interlocking at the SnO₂/Al₂O₃ interfaces. In spite of the relatively strong interfacial bond, cracks did deflect. Our microstructural studies showed that SnO₂ served as a weak interphase material.     

Slip casting of Al2O3 and Al2O3/ZrO2 composites

Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ composites have been fabricated by slip casting from aqueous suspensions. The physical and structural characteristics of the starting powders, composition of the suspensions, casting behaviour, microstructure of the green and fired bodies and the mechanical properties of the products were investigated. The addition of ZrO₂ to Al₂O₃ leads to a significant increase in fracture toughness when ZrO₂ particles are retained in the tetragonal form (transformation-toughening mechanism) but when microcracking (due to the spontaneous transformation of ZrO₂ from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic one) is dominant, an excellent toughness value is accompanied by a drastic drop in strength and hardness.     

Fabrication of Al/Al2O3 composites and FGM

Al/Al2O3 composites of different ratios were hot-press sintered at 575 similar to 640℃ under a pressure of 30 MPa for 2 h in a vacuum furnace. It was found that the relative density of the Al/Al2O3 composites could be increased evidently with the rise of sinter temperature. No reaction occurred between Al and Al2O3 at the sinter temperatures. Under 640℃-30 MPa-2 h experimental condition, Al/Al2O3 system FGM was successfully fabricated, and its density range changed quasi-continuously from 2.887x10(3) kg/m(3) to 3.1909x10(3) kg/m3 within the middle 1.0 mm thickness range.     

PTFE/Al/MoO3复合材料的力学和反应性能

使用模压烧结法制备不同PTFE体积分数的PTFE/Al/MoO3复合材料,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对材料进行表征,并研究该复合材料的准静态压缩性能和动态冲击性能。结果表明:PTFE/Al/MoO3复合材料的强度随着PTFE的增加先增加后降低,当PTFE体积分数为70%时达到最大的80MPa,且该试样能够在准静态压缩条件下发火,发出巨大的爆炸声和明亮的火光,而其他试件在同等条件下未见发火现象。动态冲击条件下,PTFE/Al/MoO3复合材料均能发生爆炸反应,但随着PTFE的增加,剧烈程度逐渐降低,反应产物为AlF3,Al2O3,Mo,C,表明Al与PTFE和MoO3都发生了氧化还原反应。在材料强度和组分的双重影响下,PTFE/Al/MoO3复合材料发火所需能量随着PTFE的增加,呈现先降后升的趋势。