信息共享对供应链绩效的影响

信息共享对促进整个供应链的绩效极为关键。随着顾客需求个性化的增加,为了实现供应链上信息共享,制造商将有可能同时采用直接销售渠道和零售渠道,并且通过一定的协议价格回购零售商所有未能卖出的商品。论文从这个新视角出发,研究信息共享对供应链绩效的影响。     

Design and simulation of demand information sharing in a supply chain

On the premise of discrete simulation technology, the study developed a simulation approach to quantify firms’ business operations and performances in a multi-tier supply chain. By careful simulation scenario design and statistical validation, the simulation model was applied to understand one practical business problem, i.e., how to evaluate the business model and its trade-off of implementing demand information sharing strategy. The results showed that with high demand variance, low demand correlation, and/or high demand covariance, the supply chain without the intermediate tier performed better than that with the intermediary. However, bypassing the intermediate tier in the chain might cause companies less responsive to demand variability. The simulation and analytical approaches presented in the paper can help firms make better decision on business model design and inter-organizational collaboration in supply chains.     

Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance

The paper aims to investigate the effects of information technology (IT) alignment and information sharing on operational performance in the context of supply chain. Based on the resource-based view, this study identifies IT alignment and information sharing as specific resources/capabilities for supply chain partnership. Data from 141 Chinese manufacturers are collected to test the relationships among IT alignment, information sharing, and operational performance. The results show that (1) both IT alignment and information sharing have direct and positive effects on operational performance, (2) IT alignment has an indirect effect on operational performance through information sharing, and (3) IT alignment and information sharing have different emphases in operational performance improvement. The resource-capability-performance paradigm is extended to supply chain context in the emerging economy. Chinese managers may have different emphases on IT resource/information sharing capability deployment for operational efficiency and effectiveness.     

Blockchain‐based secure information sharing for supply chain management: Optimization assisted data sanitization process

Currently, the furious competitiveness in global markets and speedy improvements in information technology lead to shorter product life cycles, lesser transportation capabilities, and increased demands as well. In most business scenarios, the supply chain network is becoming one of the most vital focusing areas. In the supply chain network, blockchain technology is a promising solution for secure information sharing. However, it is a bit critical in maintaining security at each level of the blockchain and hence the public–private–key cryptography is more commonly preferred. This study intends to construct a new privacy preservation model in the field of supply chain networks based on blockchain technology by undergoing three major phases, namely, (a) data sanitization, (b) key generation, and (c) restoration. Further, the sensitive fields in the original data are selected during the data sanitization phase, and in the key generation phase; the optimal key is generated to hide the selected sensitive fields. The hidden data with the secured key is transferred from the source (manufacturer) to destination (vendor) in the supply chain network via the blockchain. The restoration process takes place in the receiver side with the help of the same key. Among all these data flow methods, the optimal key selection is the critical issue that needs to be overridden to make the data transmission secured. As a novelty, a new optimization algorithm referred to as Whale with New Crosspoint‐based Update (WNU), which is the advanced version of Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), is developed here to select the optimal key. Finally, the proposed WNU model is analyzed in terms of Hiding Failure (HF) rate, Information Preservation (IP) Rate, and False Rule generation (FR), and Degree of Modification (DM). The proposed secured information sharing in supply chain management (SCM) with blockchain technology will be validated by comparing it over the traditional models in terms of security as well.     

The impact of information sharing and inventory control coordination on supply chain performances

The lack of coordination in supply chains can cause various inefficiencies like bullwhip effect and inventory instability. Extensive researches quantified the value of sharing and forecasting of customer demand, considering that all the supply chain partners can have access to the same information. However, only few studies devoted to identify the value of limited collaboration or information visibility, considering their impact on the overall supply chain performances for local and global service level. This paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating the interaction of collaboration and coordination in a four-echelon supply chain under different scenarios of information sharing level. The results of the simulation study show to what extent the bullwhip effect and the inventory variance increase and amplify when a periodic review order-up-to level policy applies, noting that more benefits generate when coordination starts at downstream echelons. A factorial design confirmed the importance of information sharing and quantified its interactions with inventory control parameters, proving that a poor forecasting and definition of safety stock levels have a significant contribution to the instability across the chain. These results provide useful implications for supply chain managers on how to control and drive supply chain performances.     

Impact of demand correlation and information sharing in a capacity constrained supply chain with multiple-retailers

This paper considers a single product, two-echelon capacity constrained supply chain consisting of a supplier and two retailers facing correlated end-item demand. We use a decentralized Markov decision process with restricted observations to represent this system and conduct a numerical study to quantify the benefits of information sharing to the retailers under varying levels of supplier capacity and supply allocation mechanisms. Our results show an inverse relationship between capacity and information and indicate the retailers can achieve significant benefits as a result of the information sharing partnership.     

信息共享受限条件下的供应链网络系统牛鞭效应控制策略

研究在信息共享受限条件下供应链网络库存系统的牛鞭效应控制问题,建立了包括市场需求、信息可获得性、信息及时性等不确定性因素的库存网络系统状态转移模型,从系统内部动力学机制的角度分析了牛鞭效应的成因,提出了动态库存控制策略,并给出了策略参数设计的线性矩阵不等式组算法.运用系统稳定性理论,深入分析了信息共享对牛鞭效应的影响,并通过仿真结果验证了库存控制策略的有效性和实用性.     

The value of information sharing in a supply chain with a seasonal demand process

This paper considers a two echelon seasonal supply chain model that consists of one supplier and one retailer, with the assumption that external demand from the customer follows a seasonal autoregressive moving average (SARMA) process, including marketing actions that cannot be deduced from the other parameters of the demand process. In our model, the supplier and the retailer employ order-up-to policy to replenish their inventory. In order to evaluate the value of information sharing in a two echelon seasonal supply chain, three levels of information sharing proposed by Yu, Yan, and Cheng (2002) are used. The results for optimal inventory policies under these three levels of information sharing are derived. We show that the seasonal effect has an important impact on optimal inventory policies of the supplier under the three levels of information sharing. Our findings also demonstrate that the replenishment of lead time must be less than the seasonal period in order to benefit from information sharing. Thus, this result provides managers with managerial insights to improve supply chain performance through information sharing integration partnerships.     

The impact of information sharing on ordering policies to improve supply chain performances

Bullwhip effect represents the amplification and distortion of demand variability as moving upstream in a supply chain, causing excessive inventories, insufficient capacities and high operational costs. A growing body of literature recognizes ordering policies and the lack of coordination as two main causes of the bullwhip effect, suggesting different techniques of intervention. This paper investigates the impact of information sharing on ordering policies through a comparison between a traditional (R, S) policy and a coordination mechanism based on ordering policy (a combination of (R, D) and (R, S) policies). This policy relies on a slow, easy to implement, information sharing to overcome drawbacks of the effect, in which replenishment orders are divided into two parts; the first is to inform the upstream echelons about the actual customer demand and the second is to inform about the adjustment of the inventory position, smoothing at the same time the orders of the different levels of the supply chain. A simulation model for a multi-echelon supply chain quantifies the supply chain dynamics under these different policies, identifying how information sharing succeeds to achieve an acceptable performance in terms of both bullwhip effect and inventory variance.     

基于网格的供应链管理信息平台的构建

供应链的竞争已成为当前企业竞争的焦点,如何提高信息在供应链上各成员企业之间的传递速度已经成为提高供应链竞争力的关键因素.网格技术是近年来国际上兴起的一种重要的信息技术,它能在多个组织间实现资源和信息的共享.对网格技术在供应链中的应用进行了分析,提出了一种基于网格的供应链信息平台的模型.该模型实现供应链中各节点企业的信息共享和资源整合,从而提高供应链的效率.     

Coordination-based inventory management for deteriorating items in a two-echelon supply chain with profit sharing

This study develops a model for inventory management consisting of a two-echelon supply chain (SC) with profit sharing and deteriorating items. The retailer and the supplier act as the leader and follower, in which the supplier faces a huge setup cost and economic order quantity ordering strategy. The market demand is affected by the sale price of the product, and the inventory has a deterioration rate following a Weibull distribution. The retailer executes three profit-sharing mechanisms to motivate the supplier to participate in SC optimisation and to extend the life cycle of the product. A search algorithm is developed to determine the solutions as using the profit-sharing mechanisms. The outcomes from numerical experiments demonstrate the profitability of the proposed model.     

Leveraging information sharing to configure supply chains

As supply chains evolve beyond the confines of individual organizations, information sharing has become the holy grail in supply chain technology. Although the value of information sharing is well recognized, there is little research on how to use it to configure supply chains. This paper proposes a parameterized model to capture information sharing in a supply chain. By changing the parameters of this model, we actually adjust the degree of information sharing and create new supply chain configurations. Configurations are the means of responding to events or changes in supply chains in a timely manner. A complete example is used to demonstrate this methodology. We also perform simulation experiments to compare configurations and to understand the effect of information sharing on supply chain performance. Thus, we show how to achieve supply chain configurability by leveraging information sharing. A supply chain architecture which allows agility, adaptability and alignment of partner interests is also proposed based on this methodology.     

IT与供应链管理

随着市场竞争的加剧 ,供应链管理开始受到推崇。IT在促进供应链管理方面起着重要的作用。应用信息技术可以有效削弱供应链管理中的典型问题 -BW效应 ,提高供应链的运营水平。     

Performance modeling of a two-echelon supply chain under different levels of upstream inventory information sharing

The advancement in information technology has facilitated the sharing of information in supply chain networks (SCNs), resulting in effective management of inventory and storage capacity. In this paper, our focus is on upstream inventory information sharing. Existing analytical performance evaluation models of SCNs are not capable of assessing the impact of inventory information sharing. To address this need, we develop performance evaluation models of SCNs that explicitly consider production capacity, inventory related decisions, variability, transit delays and inventory information sharing in a unified manner. We employ a two-echelon SCN configuration with two retail stores and two production facilities as a test bed. The retail stores have inventory information from the production facilities. We model three levels of inventory information sharing in our study; the information shared ranges from the stock-out information at the lowest level to inventory and backorder level information at the highest level. We develop analytical models first for Poisson arrivals and exponential processing times under all levels of inventory information sharing. We extend these models to general inter-arrival and processing time distributions and subsequently include transit delays between the production facilities and the retail stores. We demonstrate the performance prediction capability of the analytical models developed via extensive numerical experimentation.     

The inhibitors of risk information sharing in the supply chain: A multiple case study in Turkey

One of the greatest threats faced by organizations is disruption in the supply chain arising from not sharing risk information among the supply chain partners. The aim of this study is to identify the inhibitors of risk information sharing in a supply chain by using practical‐side evidence. An exploratory multiple case design was utilized to investigate why supply chain partners in Turkey may be reluctant to share risk information among their members and provide solutions to overcome these barriers. The results of the study indicate that the inhibitors of risk information sharing fall into three categories: risk‐related, organization‐related, and management‐related. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate possible solutions for reluctance in risk information sharing among supply chain partners based on managers' experiences.     

Innovation information sharing between two competitive supply chains

We study the innovation information sharing problem between two competing supply chains with one supplier and one manufacturer each. The manufacturer in each chain has private information about its product innovation degree and may choose to share such information with the competitor (horizontal information sharing), its supplier (vertical information sharing), or both (full transparency). We find that irrespective of the status of horizontal information sharing, vertical sharing always hurts the manufacturer, and sharing information horizontally is a dominating strategy for each manufacturer when the competition intensity is small. Furthermore, when competition intensity is not extremely large, full transparency can be realized through some transfer from the suppliers to the manufacturers, achieving a Pareto improvement for all parties, because the vertical and horizontal sharing are complementary to increase the supplier's benefit. Otherwise, neither horizontal nor vertical information sharing will occur.     

基于成本共担策略的服务供应链协调研究

研究由服务提供商和支持服务供应商组成的两级服务供应链.其中市场需求与支持服务供应商的努力水平相关,服务容量与服务提供商的努力水平相关.建立了基于成本共担策略的服务供应链模型,分析得到了供应链成员同时决策与序贯决策情况下供应链的Nash均衡解.研究表明,成本共担策略能提高供应链的总利润,实现供应链协调.通过大量算例分析了最优协调参数解与供应链中重要参数的关系,同时指出了供应链协调的效果.     

Effect of change management capability in real-time environment: an information orientation perspective in supply chain management

Supply chain management (SCM) is an important strategic tool that requires careful planning and management. While the availability of real-time information is a critical aspect of an SCM system, it possesses a potential to disrupt supply chain participants. Thus, the success of an SCM system hinges on how well participants deal with changes taking place in a real-time environment. This study adopts the concept of the real-time enterprise to understand the role of change management on SCM performance based on the concept of the information orientation. The study empirically validated the role of change management on SCM performance.     

零售商价格竞争下的最优决策与收益共享契约

研究由一个制造商与两个竞争零售商组成的两级供应链系统的最优决策及契约协调问题,其中每个零售商面临的需求是价格敏感和随机的.当随机需求分布具有递增失败率(IFR)时,竞争的零售商存在唯一最优的定价和订购决策,并给出了最优决策的解析表达式,证明了收益共享契约能使两个竞争零售商加盟的供应链达到协调及契约成立的条件.最后通过理论推导和数值分析给出了需求价格弹性系数对最优决策及协调的影响.     

Coordinating a two-level supply chain with delay in payments and profit sharing

Achieving effective coordination among suppliers and retailers has become a pertinent research issue in supply chain management. Channel coordination is a joint decision policy achieved by a supplier(s) and a retailer(s) characterized by an agreement on the order quantity and the trade credit scenario (e.g., quantity discounts, delay in payments). This paper proposes a centralized model where players in a two-level (supplier–retailer) supply chain coordinate their orders to minimize their local costs and that of the chain. In the proposed supply chain model the permissible delay in payments is considered as a decision variable and it is adopted as a trade credit scenario to coordinate the order quantity between the two-levels. Computational results indicate that with coordination, the retailer orders in larger quantities than its economic order quantity, with savings to either both players, or to one in the supply chain. Moreover, a profit-sharing scenario for the distribution of generated net savings among the players in the supply chain is presented. Analytical and experimental results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.