Sb_2S_3/TiO_2纳米棒的构筑及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用

采用水热法在FTO导电玻璃基底上,制备了一维有序的TiO_2纳米棒阵列。采用化学浴沉积方法在TiO_2纳米棒有序阵列上沉积Sb_2S_3纳米粒子,形成壳核式Sb_2S_3/TiO_2复合纳米棒阵列结构。通过控制化学浴的沉积时间,可以得到不同厚度Sb_2S_3纳米粒子壳层。通过电子扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)、以及紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等对样品形貌、结构组成以及光性能进行了测定和分析。最终基于P3HT/Sb_2S_3(3 h)/TiO_2为光电极所组装的杂化太阳电池能量转换效率最高,获得了1.15%的能量转换效率。     

多孔钛基氢氧化锰电极的制备及电容特性

用电化学方法制备了一种多孔钛基氢氧化锰膜电极.钛片在热的盐酸中刻蚀20 min,然后在刻蚀的钛基体上阴极电沉积一层氢氧化锰.用扫描电镜仪、X射线粉末衍射仪分别考察了氢氧化锰膜电极的形貌、晶体结构特征,用循环伏安法和充放电曲线法测试氢氧化锰膜电极的电化学性能.结果表明,腐蚀后的钛基体呈现多孔特征,孔径大小在微米级范围.沉积的氢氧化锰呈现纳米片状结构,并相互交错成花状形貌.充放电曲线法测得氢氧化锰膜电极的质量比电容达340 F/g,比普通钛基氢氧化锰膜电极高出28％.循环稳定性测试表明200次循环后,多孔钛基氢氧化锰膜电极比电容只下降7％,而在后续循环扫描过程中容量保持非常稳定.多孔钛基氢氧化锰膜电极是一种有潜力的电化学电容器电极.     

染料敏化太阳电池新型双层光电阳极制备

新型的双层光电阳极,由作为覆层的分层TiO_2微冠和作为底层(HTCF)的TiO_2纳米森林组成。该光电阳极由TiO_2纳米杆的顶层微球(MS)/FTO玻璃基质通过热液反应制备。在制备过程中,微球和纳米杆分别转变为微冠和纳米森林。HTCF结构光电阳极能够显著地改善光捕获能力。另外,增强的HTCF表面积能使染料吸附能力增加,实现更高的光捕获能力。基于在纳米杆内部快速的电子传输、更高的光散射和捕获能力,这种新型的HTCF光电阳极实现了三重能力。与裸TiO_2结构纳米杆相比,HTCF染料敏化太阳电池的功率转换效率(PCE)增加了51%。通过改善一维TiO_2纳米结构(纳米杆、纳米线、纳米管等)光电阳极取得了染料敏化太阳电池光电阳极制备技术的重大突破。     

聚吡咯纳米线的电化学可控性生成与表征

采用电化学方法分别在多壁碳纳米管和镍箔上沉积制备聚吡咯纳米线,通过SEM、TEM、XRD、TGA、FTIR、CV等物理与电化学手段对产物进行了表征,系统地研究了电沉积基体、电沉积时间对于产物聚吡咯形貌的影响.研究结果表明,在0.85 V电位下,在多壁碳纳米管基底上电沉积300 s以及在镍基底中沉积50 s,均能够得到结构分散、粗细均匀的聚吡咯纳米线.此外,在镍基底上,聚吡咯的形貌随着电沉积时间的增加发生了纳米线-菜花状-海螺状的变化过程.此研究为制备不同形貌的纳米结构聚吡咯开拓了一种快速、稳定、廉价的方法,并通过循环伏安曲线为其应用于锂离子电池中提供一定理论依据.     

纳米TiO_2的溶剂热法制备及其在新型纳米改性变压器油中的应用

采用溶剂热法合成了一种具有良好分散性的油酸修饰纳米TiO_2,然后用纳米TiO_2对变压器油进行改性,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、热失重分析(TGA)等对纳米TiO_2的结构、形貌、表面修饰状态以及纳米TiO_2改性变压器油的导热性能进行分析研究。结果表明:纳米TiO_2多为短棒状,在变压器油中具有良好的分散性。当纳米TiO_2质量分数为0.046%时,纳米TiO_2改性变压器油的导热系数提高了约10%。     

不同TiO2载体的SCR脱硝催化剂性能研究

采用分步浸渍法制备了两种脱硝催化剂,它们分别以锐钛型纳米级TiO_2和工业级TiO_2为载体,负载V_2O_5和WO_3在固定床反应器中,研究相同条件下不同载体对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,并通过比表面积测定、X-射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法对催化剂微观结构进行研究。试验表明,以纳米级TiO_2为载体的催化剂具有较好的性能。     

酸处理钛毡对质子交换膜电解槽性能的影响

多孔传输层是质子交换膜电解水制氢系统中关系到气水的高效输运和电子有效导通的重要部件。该文采用盐酸和草酸对商用钛毡进行蚀刻处理，获得具有优异电化学性能的酸处理钛毡。对酸处理后钛毡的表面形貌及元素成分表征说明：酸处理能有效去除钛毡表面的氧化层，并且不会对钛毡本身的化学性质和孔隙结构产生影响。接触电阻与电化学测试显示：酸处理后的钛毡接触电阻得到有效降低，相同电流密度下采用草酸处理钛毡的电解槽低至1.8V，较未处理钛毡电压下降10%。同时，得益于酸处理后钛毡微观结构和湿润性的变化，相较于普通钛毡，酸处理钛毡能显著优化电解槽运行中的传质过程。结果表明：采用质量分数为10%的草酸溶液80℃处理20min的钛毡具有最小的极化损失，能有效提高电解槽的运行效率。     

固相烧结法制备的Co_3O_4和Fe_2O_3磁性纳米颗粒

采用一种纳米颗粒的新型制备方法,即固相烧结方法,成功制备出单分散的Co_3O_4和Fe_2O_3磁性纳米颗粒。利用金属前驱体粉末混合在NaCl介质中高温下分解金属原子在NaCl颗粒上聚集长大,在空气中烧结氧化形成纳米颗粒。NaCl介质既作为纳米粒子成核和长大的基底,又作为隔离介质防止纳米颗粒在高温加热过程中出现烧结团聚现象。在制备过程中除了金属前驱体和NaCl,没有其他试剂使用。通过XRD、TEM、VSM等对制备出的Co_3O_4和Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒进行了物相结构和成分、微观形貌及磁性能的表征。结果表明,制备出的Co_3O_4和Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒颗粒尺寸小,结晶性好,且尺寸分布均匀。     

电解液种类对纳米氧化铝膜结构的影响

介绍了在草酸和磷酸溶液中,制备纳米氧化铝膜的阳极氧化工艺。阐述了不同的电解液对氧化铝膜微观结构的影响,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对阳极氧化铝膜的形貌和结构进行了表征。     

基于TiO_2镀膜材料的自洁净光伏玻璃研制与分析

研究了具备光催化性能和超亲水性能的TiO_2镀膜材料的自清洁作用机理。分别测试不同加水量、涂膜层数和水解时温度对TiO_2镀膜材料性能的影响,优化了传统的溶胶-凝胶镀膜材料的制备方法。基于TiO_2镀膜材料,分析掺入HPC、Si和钒,并分析掺杂后镀膜材料特性的变化。其结果表明,HPC改性导致TiO_2薄膜颗粒纳米化和表面粗糙度增加,使得镀膜材料的光催化性能得到提高,而掺入钒后,使得TiO_2薄膜保持长久的超亲水性。通过实验分析得出,在户外环境下,覆盖掺钒的TiO_2镀膜玻璃和纯TiO_2玻璃光伏组件相比于普通组件能够提升5.87%和2.78%的输出功率。可见这种基于TiO_2的混合镀膜光伏玻璃技术有望在将来的生产中得到具体应用。     

A simple method to fabricate high-performance carbon nanotube field emitters

A simple new method to fabricate carbon nanotube field emitters was developed. Single wall carbon nanotubes with high graphitization were attached on Sn or Ni layered glass substrate in-situ in arc-discharge chamber. Post heat treatments below the deformation temperature of soda-lime glass guaranteed a good mechanical adhesion and electrical contact of the nanotubes. The morphology of the metal electrode layers was examined with the heat treatment temperatures to optimize the heat treatments. The emitters formed on Sn layers showed lower turn-on voltage and higher current density than those formed on Ni layers. A good field emission performance was realized in an emitter where nanotubes were deposited on Sn layer of the thickness 100 nm and annealed at 300^∘C. The current density was 2.5 mA/cm² at 3.5 V/μm. The emitter structure was maintained stable for 8 h.     

Based on the Study on Preparation and Properties of Co(II) and La3+-Doped TiO2 Electrochromic Film

Abstract

In order to improve the optical properties and coloration effect. Co(II) and La³⁺ doped TiO₂ thin films were synthesized via a sol–gel, by using butyl titanate as precursor on the surface of ITO conductive glass substrate. Several techniques were used to characterize produces. Adopting the Sol-gel technology, [CH₃(CH₂)₃O]₄Ti, La₂O₃, CoC_l2?6H₂O as the precursor, the composite membranes with different molar ratio of Ti, Ti/La, Ti/Co to be prepared on the ITO glass substrate, the optimum technological parameters for preparation of the base material of the electro-induced discoloration glass are determined. The structure and surface morphology optical and electrochromic properties of Co(II) and La³⁺-doped TiO₂ films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis) DTA-TG analysis. It was found that:

1. The sintering temperature coating number, [CH₃(CH₂)₃O]₄Ti content of the TiO₂ film sample, and the doping category are the main factors that affect the structure and properties of the membrane based material;

2. Using two alcohol amine as chelating agent can effectively inhibit the formation of Ti (OH)₄ precipitation;

3. The properties of the TiO₂ glass film prepared by La₂O₃ and CoCl₂·6H₂O are fine;

4. Materials based on the preparation of a radiochromic film transmittance, high cyclic reversibility, cyclic voltammetry characteristics significantly, the results of the study for the electric induced radiochromic film-based material development and application provide a theoretical and experimental basis.

     

钛基阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列研究进展

TiO2纳米管阵列因具有独特的结构和优异的性能而引起人们极大的关注,已成为纳米材料和光催化领域研究的热门课题。针对阳极氧化法,详细论述了TiO2纳米管阵列的制备技术和形成机理,综述了其在光解水制氢、光催化降解污染物及染料敏化太阳电池等领域的应用进展,分析了目前存在的问题,并指出了今后研究的方向。     

Characteristics of Bi4Ti3O12 thin films on ITO/glass and Pt/Si substrates prepared by R.F. sputtering and rapid thermal annealing

Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin films are deposited on ITO/glass and Pt/Ti/Si(100) substrates by R.F. magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The films are then heated by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process conducted in oxygen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 550–700^∘C. X-ray diffraction examination reveals that the crystalinity of the films grown on Pt/Ti/Si is better than that of the films grown on ITO/glass under the same fabrication conditions. SEM observation shows that the films grown on Pt/Ti/Si are denser than those grown on ITO/glass substrates. Interactive diffusion between the Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ film and the ITO film increases with the increase of annealing temperature. The optical transmittance of the thin film annealed at 650^∘C is found to be almost 100% when the effect of the ITO film is excluded. The relative dielectric constants, leakage currents and polarization characteristics of the two films are compared and discussed.     

浸渍法制备色素增感太阳电池FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜

采用溶液浸渍法在ITO导电玻璃表面的多孔TiO2薄膜上沉积了FeS2薄膜.在硫气氛中热处理后,制得了FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜.采用FeS<,2./TiO2薄膜作为正电极组装成色素增感太阳电池(DSSC).应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、数显测厚指示表、可见-紫外分光光度计、XJCM-8型太阳电池测试仪等研究了FeS2/TiO2薄膜的不同热处理条件、薄膜表面形貌、厚度、吸光度以及光电性能.结果表明:此方法制得的FeS2/TiO2复合薄膜具有良好的光电性能,适宜用于制备DSSC电池.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Titania (TiO2) Nanotube Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Anodization Method

Titania (TiO₂) nanotubes were synthesized on Ti metal sheets by anodization method. The anodization condition was the variation of the anodization voltage. The nanotubes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis Spectrometer. The nanotubes can be used to make working electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The pore diameter of TiO₂ nanotube increases with the higher anodization voltage. The TiO₂ nanotube diameters prepared at applied voltages of 40, 50, 60 and 70 V were approximately 200, 170, 140 and 100 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the dye-sensitized solar cells device based on the N719 dye and electrolytes shows the photovoltaic performance at different voltages of 40, 50, 60 and 70 V were 4.21%, 4.77%, 6.10% and 6.89%, respectively, under irradiation of 60 mW/cm². The energy conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells increased with increasing pore diameter of titania nanotubes.     

高压脉冲放电协同复合型催化剂去除甲醛的实验

采用高压脉冲放电协同复合型催化剂对甲醛进行去除实验。通过溶胶凝胶法、分步浸渍-溶胶凝胶法制备Ti-Mn基等一系列催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD、SEM、FT-IR表征。考察催化剂中Ti添加量、Ti和Mn的负载顺序对甲醛去除率的影响,分析脉冲放电对催化剂结构、形貌的影响。结果显示:在放电电压24k V,放电频率40Hz,同时添加含量比为1∶4的Ti和Mn制备的TiO_2-MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂与放电等离子体协同去除甲醛效果最好,去除率可达97.5%。脉冲放电能够改变催化剂的结构和晶形,放电之后的TiO_2-Mn Ox/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表面粗糙度降低,细小的微孔增多,且放电低温等离子体能提高催化剂的活性,使催化剂活性吸附位增加,进一步加强了对甲醛的去除。     

TiO2纳米管掺杂Pt/C催化剂对甲醇电氧化性能影响

利用电化学方法研究了TiO2纳米管掺杂商业Pt/C催化剂(JM公司)对甲醇电氧化性能的影响.通过对不同掺杂量、不同制备方法等研究,利用循环伏安法和恒电位氧化法等手段,表明:掺杂20%TiO2纳米管的电催化剂对甲醇氧化具有较高活性,这可能是由于Pt和Ti之间产生的相互作用,使得甲醇更容易被活化,而二氧化钛本身携带的氧源,更有助于催化氧化甲醇反应的中间产物,减弱了Pt催化剂中毒程度.     

ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶凝胶法结合丝网印刷法制备TiO2多孔薄膜,用溶液沉积法制备多孔ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜;用X-射线分析仪、扫描电镜、紫外-可见分光光度计等对薄膜的热处理制度、吸光度、表面形貌进行了测试;组装电池,用XJCM-8S型太阳电池测定仪测定了复合薄膜的电性能.结果表明以ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜做电极,吸光度和电池性能都有一定的提高,电池电压达到0.67 V.     

Synthesis of anatase TiO2 film by reactive vacuum arc deposition method

TiO₂ in anatase crystalline structure has strong photocatalysis. In this paper, TiO₂ films are deposited on soda‐glass substrate using a Ti cathode vacuum arc with O₂ flow. Experimental conditions are as follows: arc current, 50 A; pressure, 0.3 and 1.0 Pa; O₂ flow rate, 20 ml/min; cathode–substrate distance, 250 mm; bias dc voltage to the substrate, none and –300 V. As‐deposited films are annealed for 60 min under atmosphere and vacuum. The following results were obtained. (1) Deposition rate is 0.07 μm/min. (2) As‐deposited films are amorphous. (3) Films annealed at 250 to 500 °C have an anatase crystalline structure. These results are independent of pressure, bias, and annealing environment. In another process, the films are deposited for 30 min when the substrate holding table is connected to the anode chamber. Experimental conditions are as follows: arc current, 50 A; pressure, 1.0 Pa; O₂ flow rate, 20 ml/min; cathode–substrate distance, 250 mm. Almost 30% of the arc current was observed to flow through the substrate table, and the surface temperature of the table increased up to 450 °C. The reason for this is considered to be that Joule heating occurs when the current flows through the film deposited on the table. The film deposited in this process is dominantly anatase. The above experiments show that anatase TiO₂ film can be deposited on soda‐glass by the reactive vacuum arc method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 12–20, 1999