热处理对A5B19型La0.68Gd0.2Mg0.12Ni3.3CoO．3A10.1储氢合金微观组织和电化学性能的影响

用感应熔炼方法熔炼A5B19型La0.68Gd0.2Mg0.12Ni3.3CoO．3A10.1合金，并在密闭容器中对合金进行不同温度（1173-1273K）下保温16h的热处理，采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱（ICP）、X射线衍射（XRD）、电子探针显微分析方法（EPMA）和电化学测试分析方法对比研究了退火温度对合金成分、微观组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明，A5B19型合金组织主要由Ce5C019（Pr5Co19）型、PuNi3型和Ca-Cu5型等相组成，退火后舍金则形成以A5B19型（Pr5Co19和Ce5Co19）为主相的多相组织，随退火温度升高Pr5Co19型主相的相丰度逐渐增加，当T=1273K时其相丰度达到最大值87．8％（质量分数），而Ce5Co19型相仅为0．78％（质量分数）。电化学分析测试表明，退火温度对合金电极的活化性能和大电流放电特性影响不明显，但对电极容量和循环稳定性影响较大。在T=1273K退火后，合金电极放电容量为373．01mAh／g，经100次充放电循环后其电极容量保持率（S100）为90．20％，表现出较好的电化学性能。     

镁元素对A5B19型La0.8-xGd0.2MgxNi3.3Co0.3Al0.1（x=0～0.4）储氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

用高频感应熔炼法制备了稀土系La0.8-xGd0.2MgxNi3.3Co0.3Al0.1(x=0～0.4)储氢合金,并在氩气和1273K下对铸态合金进行退火处理,系统研究了用Mg部分替代La元素对合金微观组织和电化学性能的影响规律。合金相结构分析表明,合金组织主要由Pr5Co19型、PuNi3型、Ce2Ni7型和Ca-Cu5型相组成,随Mg含量增加,主相Pr5Co19型相含量先增加后减少,当x=0.15时达到最大值88.23%(质量分数)。电化学测试分析表明,随Mg含量的变化,合金电极最大放电容量和容量保持率均呈先增加后减小的规律,当x=0.15时,合金电极放电容量达到最大值377.9mAh/g,经100次充放电循环后其电极容量的保持率S100为90.2%,具有较好的电化学综合性能。     

La2-xMgxNi7.0(x=0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8)贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的研究

用高频感应熔炼的方法制备了La2-xMgxNi7.0(x=0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8)贮氢电极合金,采用x-ray衍射和XRD粉末衍射全谱拟合分析方法及电化学方法系统研究了随Mg含量的增加,该类合金相结构和电化学性能的变化规律,以及合金在不同退火温度(1123K,1203K,1253K)和不同退火时间(24h,72h,144h)下相结构和微观组织及电化学性能的变化规律.实验结果表明,该类合金由(La,Mg)2Ni7相(Ce2Ni7型结构)、LaNi5(CaCu5型结构)相、(La,Mg)Ni3相(PuNi3型结构)及少量未知相组成.随Mg含量的增加,电极电化学放电容量呈先升高后降低趋势,当x=0.6时达到最大值389.87mAh/g;当Mg含量进一步增加时,电化学放电容量迅速降低,x=0.8时电化学放电容量为188.34mAh/g;随Mg含量的增加,合金组织中(La,Mg)Ni3相和LaNi5相增多.退火处理很大程度上消除了LaNi5相,高温退火有利于(La,Mg)2Ni7相的生成,低温退火有利于(La,Mg)Ni3相生成.退火时间的延长对合金相结构影响不明显,但提高了合金组织均匀性,同时使电化学放电容量降低.不同的退火温度和退火时间对未知相影响不明显.本文研究表明,退火温度对(La,Mg)2Ni7合金相结构有重要影响,Mg含量是影响合金相结构和电化学放电容量的关键.     

退火处理对A2B7型La0.63(Pr0.1Nd0.1Y0.6Sm0.1Gd0.1)0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1储氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

利用高频感应熔炼法制备La0.63(Pr0.1Nd0.1Y0.6Sm0.1Gd0.1)0.2Mg0.17Ni3.1Co0.3Al0.1储氢合金,对铸态合金在900℃下退火热处理24h。结构分析表明,铸态合金微观组织由CaCu5型结构、Ce5Co19型结构及Ce2Ni7型结构三相组成,而退火合金则是单相Ce2Ni7型结构。铸态和退火合金电极均具有良好的活化性能,退火合金电极放电曲线更为平坦和宽阔。两种合金电极腐蚀电位基本一致,但铸态合金电极腐蚀电流更大。合金经过退火后其电极循环稳定性(S100=83.5%)明显优于铸态合金电极(S100=69%)。在100次电化学充放电循环内,低容量充电时,退火合金电极容量不衰减,合金电极容量衰减的充电容量临界点为活化最大放电容量(Cmax)的90%。铸态和退火合金电极动力学性能差别不大,铸态合金电极高倍率放电主要由氢在其体相中扩散控制,退火合金电极高倍率放电则主要由其表面电荷转移控制。     

La-Mg-Ni系A5B19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能EI北大核心CSCD

感应熔炼制备La0.8-xCexMg0.2 Ni 3.8(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5),研究Ce替代部分La对La4MgNi19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能的影响。研究表明,La4MgNi19合金相由LaNi5,(La,Mg)2Ni7,(La,Mg)5Ni19(3R-Ce5Co19)相组成。加入Ce后,(La,Mg)2Ni7相消失,出现2H-Pr 5Co 19结构的(La,Mg)5Ni19相,同时随着Ce替代量的增多,(La,Mg)5Ni19相含量增多,LaNi5相随之减少,Ce加入有利于形成A5B19相,特别是形成2H-Pr5Co19结构。电化学放电容量随着x值的增加呈现先增后减趋势,x=0.1时样品的电化学放电容量380.36 mAh/g最佳。合金电极活化次数、容量保持率和倍率放电性能随着Ce含量增加而增大。H在合金中的扩散速率是影响其倍率放电性能主要因素。     

退火温度对Mm（NiCoMnAl）5/5wt%Mg2Ni储氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

采用二步熔炼法制备了Mm(NiCoMnAl)5/5%(质量分数)Mg2Ni复合储氢合金,并对其在不同温度(1023、1123和1223K)下进行退火热处理10h。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试方法研究了退火温度对合金结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态Mm(NiCoMnAl)5/5%(质量分数)Mg2Ni复合合金由LaNi5相和少量的Mg2Ni相组成,而退火态合金由LaNi5相和(La,Mg)Ni3新相组成。合金的最大放电容量和高倍率放电性能随退火温度的升高呈现出先增强后减弱的变化规律,其中退火温度为1023K时,合金电极的上述性能均达到最佳。合金的容量保持率随退火温度的升高而单调地增大,60次充放电循环后容量保持率从铸态合金的86.6%增大到退火合金(1223K)的92.4%。     

退火温度对La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six（x=0、0.1）合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼制备了La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Si x(x=0、0.1)电极合金,并将铸态合金进行真空退火处理,退火温度为900、950、1000和1050℃,保温时间为8h。用XRD分析了铸态及退火态合金的相结构,测试了铸态及退火态合金的电化学贮氢性能。结果表明,铸态及退火态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5以及一个残余相LaNi3。退火处理未改变合金的相组成,但使两个主相的含量发生明显改变。合金主相的晶格常数及晶胞体积随退火温度的增加而增加。铸态及退火态合金均具有良好的活化性能,第1次循环即可达到最大放电容量。退火处理明显改善了合金的电化学循环稳定性,合金的放电容量随退火温度的升高先增加后减小。合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD)、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)以及氢扩散系数(D)的测试表明,合金的电化学动力学随退火温度的升高先上升后降低。     

A_2B_7型La_(0.63)(Pr,Nd,Y,Sm,Gd)_(0.2)Mg_(0.17)Ni_(3.1)Co_(0.3)Al_(0.1)储氢合金微观组织和电化学性能研究

用Pr、Nd、Y、Sm和Gd按一定比例组成混合稀土对La进行部分替代,通过分别增加混合稀土中各元素的含量获得5种合金试样(分别用Pr0.6、Nd0.6、Y0.6、Sm0.6和Gd0.6表示),研究了混合稀土组成对A2B7型La_(0.63)(Pr,Nd,Y,Sm,Gd)_(0.2)Mg_(0.17)Ni_(3.1)Co_(0.3)Al_(0.1)退火合金微观结构与电化学性能的影响规律。合金相结构分析表明,合金微观组织均由主相2H-Ce2Ni7型和CaCu5型第二相组成,其中Y0.6合金的Ce2Ni7型相丰度最高(93.3%(质量分数))。合金中Ce2Ni7型和CaCu5型相晶胞体积均随A端元素平均原子半径的减小而逐渐降低。电化学分析表明,合金放氢平台压力为0.013~0.054 MPa,最大储氢量(Hmax/M)为1.23%~1.42%(质量分数),其中Y0.6合金具有最高的电化学放电容量(404.4 mAh/g)和最佳的容量保持率(S100=93.50%);合金电极高倍率放电性能HRD按试样Gd0.6、Sm0.6、Y0.6、Nd0.6、Pr0.6顺序依次减小。混合稀土中适量增加Y元素可显著提高和改善合金电极的综合电化学性能。     

铸态和退火态A2B7型La-Mg-Ni系合金的电化学研究（英文）

为了改善铸态La3MgN i14合金的电化学性能,在0.3 MPa氩气气氛下对La3MgN i14合金进行了10 h退火处理,退火温度分别为1 123,1 223和1 323 K。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学实验研究了合金的微观结构和电化学性能。结果表明,铸态及1 123 K温度退火后的合金由LaN i5相、(La,Mg)2N i7相以及少量的LaN i2相组成。1 223 K温度退火后合金含有LaN i5,(La,Mg)2N i7和(La,Mg)N i3相。1 323 K温度退火后合金的主相为LaN i5和(La,Mg)N i3相。与铸态合金相比,退火后合金组织更加均匀,晶粒长大。随着退火温度的增加,合金的一些电化学性能(如最大放电容量、放电效率、循环稳定性)以及动力学参数(如高倍率放电性能)增强,而电位差和电荷迁移电阻降低。在本研究范围内,为了放电容量和循环稳定性之间的平衡,铸态La3MgN i14合金的适宜退火温度为1 323 K。     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75-xMn0.1Six储氢电极合金的结构和电化学性能

系统研究了Si部分替代Co对La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1储氢电极合金结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD结果显示,随着Si替代量的增加,合金中(La,Mg)Ni3相的丰度逐渐降低,而LaNi5相的丰度逐渐增加,且含Si合金中出现了La2Ni7相。电化学测试表明,Si部分替代Co降低了合金的放电容量,但显著提高了其循环稳定性,改善了其高倍率放电性能。其中Si替代量x=0.15时合金的综合性能较好,合金最大放电容量323mAh/g,75次循环后的容量保持率约为71.9%,1250mA/g电流放电时的HRD可达55%。     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3玻璃的制备及性能研究

制备了MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3系磷酸盐玻璃,研究了玻璃形成能力、热膨胀系数和抗潮解等性能.结果表明,MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3系统具有较宽的玻璃形成区和较强的玻璃形成能力,当MoO3/V2O5≈1.5时,玻璃形成能力最强.MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3玻璃的热膨胀系数约为60～110×10-7/℃,并且随着Fe2O3含量的增加而逐渐增大.加入适量的Fe2O3能够显著改善MoO3-V2O5-P2O5玻璃的抗潮解性能,在90℃的去离子水中的溶解速率达到8.0×10-9g·cm-2·min-1.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。