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相对于传统堆型,大型非能动先进压水堆堆芯设计具有重大改变,这些改变对弹棒事故分析具有重要影响,进而影响反应堆的安全性。通过选取典型的四类工况(寿期初满功率、寿期初零功率、寿期末满功率和寿期末零功率),利用中子动力学软件和燃料性能分析程序开展大型先进压水堆CAP1400的弹棒事故模拟计算,验证大型先进压水堆弹棒事故工况下的安全性,并针对弹棒事故分析关键输入参数开展敏感性分析。计算分析结果表明:大型先进压水堆发生弹棒事故时,其结果能够满足验收准则的要求,反应堆处于安全可控状态;弹棒事故分析中功率峰值对弹棒价值最敏感,事故分析结果对停堆反应性敏感性较小。 相似文献
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由于控制棒抽出引起堆芯内反应性失控增加,从而导致核功率剧增的事故定义为一组控制棒组件抽出事故。这种瞬态可能是反应堆控制系统或棒控系统失灵引起的。多普勒负反应性反馈效应能在保护动作延迟的时间内将功率限制在可接受的水平。该事故中,燃料棒表面可能发生偏离泡核沸腾(departure from nucleate boiling,简称DNB),导致燃料元件包壳烧毁;燃料芯块也可能发生熔化,对包壳产生不利影响。文章对岭澳混合堆芯和提高富集度论证次临界或低功率启动工况下提棒事故进行了分析。分析结果表明,事故瞬态中不会发生燃料芯块熔化或燃料元件包壳烧毁,可以保证燃料元件的完整性,燃料设计满足限制准则。 相似文献
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CAP1000核电厂全功率范围SGTR事故研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对CAP1000非能动核电厂在部分功率、零功率和热备用条件下发生的蒸汽发生器传热管破裂(SGTR)事故进行蒸汽发生器满溢评价。对典型的部分功率、零功率和热备用运行条件下的SGTR事故分别进行横向敏感性分析,选取每个运行条件下的保守工况,结合满功率事故工况进行纵向功率谱对比,根据其瞬态特性,分析事故进程,评价极限运行工况和关键参数。结果表明:CAP1000核电厂在全功率范围内发生SGTR事故均不会导致蒸汽发生器满溢,且最严重的工况发生在满功率条件下。 相似文献
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钠冷行波堆TP-1瞬态安全分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
钠冷行波堆作为一种具有潜力的新堆型,正处于概念研究阶段。本工作根据TerraPower公司最新设计的钠冷行波堆TP-1的具体结构和运行工况方案,建立其一回路主要部件的物理数学模型,用Fortran语言初步开发了钠冷行波堆瞬态安全分析程序TAST,并对钠冷行波堆稳态进行计算,表明系统程序运行稳定可靠。采用TAST对失流事故和反应性引入事故进行计算,得到关键参数的瞬态变化,初步验证了钠冷行波堆在这两个事故工况下的安全性。 相似文献
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加深燃耗和延长换料周期是提高核电站经济效益的手段之一。但燃耗加深后,偏离泡核沸腾比DNBR限制值将增大;长燃耗的堆芯装载布置使径向功率峰因子Fxy上升、额定工况和事故工况下的最小DNBR大幅度下降。在大亚湾核电站改进燃料管理初步可行性研究中分析那些DNBR裕量较小的事故时,如沿用《广东核电站最终安全分析报告》FSAR中给出的超温和超功率保护定值进行计算,其计算结果不能满足DNBR安全限制准则。分析其原因,是由于DNBR准则值和Fxy的改变,超温和超功率保护图也将随之变化,使原整定值不能满足安全要求。因此,需重新确定超温和超功率ΔT保护整定值。采用FLICAⅢ程序和DELTAT程序,对长燃耗条件下的超温和超功率ΔT整定值进行了初步研究,并将其结果应用于提棒事故分析,使该事故满足了DNBR安全准则。 相似文献
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为了分析秦山核电厂的弹棒事故编制了两个程序。一个以有温度反应性反馈的点模型为基础。在这个程序中,弹棒价值是“绝热”近似下得到的。在另一个程序中,用节块格林函数方法解时-空中子动力学方程。用这两个程序计算了秦山核电厂寿期初的两个弹棒例子的堆芯核功率瞬态。 相似文献
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以往放射性废物处置的安全评价中通常使用放射性安全指标(即剂量和危险),随着放射性废物处置安全全过程系统分析这一概念的提出,辅助指标已成为评价中的一个重要组成部分。本文介绍了安全全过程系统分析中所使用指标的发展、分类和相应标准等。依评价对象不同,辅助指标通常分为安全指标和性能指标,有些组织还提出了安全功能指标;与上述指标相对应的用于比较的标准分别为参考值、指标标准和安全功能指标标准。将处置系统划分为不同库室时,指标还可分为“包容物和浓度”相关指标、“通量”相关指标和“屏障状态”相关指标三类。建议我国尽快开展放射性废物处置的安全全过程系统分析工作,建立完善的指标体系,选取适当的评价指标,并基于我国放射性废物处置的场址特性确定相应的标准,以期实现安全和防护的最优化。 相似文献
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The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) has inherent and design safety features that are sifnificant and unique, requiring a number of safety criteria and approaches that differ markedly from other reactor types. This paper briefly reviews the design of HTGR plants that have been built and are being offered in the United States. It then reviews the safety considerations involved in the design of the plants being offered. The unique features, their development, and their effects on safety criteria are described. The design bases of the prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV) are given particular attention. Operating characteristics of the HTGR and plant response to transient conditions are discussed. The design-basis depressurization accident evolution and related HTGR safety requirements are discussed. Characteristics of the HTGR with respect to technical specifications are discussed, with particular emphasis on the PCRV and the core safety limit. 相似文献
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非能动安全系统可靠性的分析是广泛采用非能动设计的新一代核电厂概率安全评价(PSA)的重要内容,其量化分析需根据非能动安全系统可靠性评估对象,确定影响系统运行的关键参数,结合事件序列对非能动系统进行研究。本文以AP1000非能动余热排出系统(PRHRS)设计阶段的可靠性研究为例,结合丧失主给水事故,根据燃料包壳完整性以及系统稳定性的功能准则,确定影响PRHRS的关键参数和设计参数。采用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)确定输入参数组合,运用RELAP5/MOD3程序进行不确定性传递计算,进行关键参数对系统功能敏感性评价与确认,进行系统功能可靠性分析,为AP1000概率安全评价提供PRHRS可靠性估计。 相似文献
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浮动核电站作为船海工程与核电工程的结合,属于核能工程的新领域,国内尚缺少相应的安全设计准则。结合海洋核动力平台示范工程实际设计需求,基于对陆上压水堆核电厂、海上移动式平台、核动力舰船规范的分析,从浮动核电站总体设计、平台设计以及核安全3个层面分别提出了相应的安全设计准则。研究表明,浮动核电站的安全设计应围绕3项基本安全功能进行;平台设计应考虑布置、结构、辅助系统、电力、通信、消防6个因素;核安全设计应充分考虑其孤岛运行和海洋应用场景对核动力装置系统设备设计、运行的制约影响。 相似文献
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R. R. Ionaitis 《Atomic Energy》1995,79(2):493-497
Conclusion Criterional analysis serves primarily expert purposes, since it makes it possible to determine rapidly the level of safety.
In the case when the level of safety is inadequate with respect to some criterion or if a higher level of safety is desired,
the question of additional means for achieving the desired level is solved. The analysis is repeated after they are introduced.
An object or process which is not amenable to such an analysis may not be subjected to a deterministic or probabilistic safety
analysis until it satisfies the adopted system of criteria.
The generality of the criteria considered above makes it possible to conduct an effective analysis not only of the technical
aspects of safety but also medical, economic, ecological, and other aspects associated with the reliability and safety of
power plants.
Scientific and Research Design Institute of Electrotechnical Equipment. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 79, No. 2,
pp. 83–88, August, 1995. 相似文献
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In this research, neutronic calculation of current low enriched uranium control fuel elements replacement with high enriched uranium control fuel elements in the reference core of Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) has been investigated and the results of calculations are compared with the TRR neutronic safety criteria. Results show that all neutronic parameters of the reference and each mixed-core are lower than the safety criteria. Nuclear reactor analysis codes including MTR_PC package and MCNP5 were employed to carry out these calculations. 相似文献
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《Packaging, Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material》2013,24(4):203-207
AbstractIn recent years, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing finalised the competent authority assessment of the mechanical and thermal package design in several German approval procedures of new spent fuel and high level waste package designs. The combination of computational methods and experimental investigations in conjunction with materials and cask components testing is the most common approach to mechanical safety assessment. The methodology in the field of safety analysis, including associated assessment criteria and procedures, has evolved rapidly over the last years. The design safety analysis must be based on a clear and comprehensive safety evaluation concept, including defined assessment criteria and constructional safety goals. In general, for new package designs, the implementation of experimental package drop tests in the approval process should be obligatory. Additionally, pre- and post-test calculations as well as components or material testing could be important. The extent to which drop tests are necessary depends on the individual package construction, the materials used and identified safety margins in the design. 相似文献
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P. Chaika V. Danilin M. Krivosheev Yu. Prokofiev S. Butorin A. Epifanov V. Brikov 《Journal of Fusion Energy》1993,12(1-2):133-137
Main directions of work on experimental fusion reactors safety assurance in Russia are given. Work on safety includes: the elaboration of the main criteria and principles of safety assurance, the development of the first priority standards in safety on the basis of the fission experience and international safety documents requirements, fusion reactor safety analysis, and work to provide a base for the standards development and for the safety analysis activity. The results of some work on fusion safety are presented. They include: assessments of safety and reliability of Liquid Metal Cooling System draft design, evaluations of the buildings and equipment response on external dynamic influences, and analysis of radiological situation in th environment as a result of tritium-containing dust release. 相似文献