废水处理中膜生物反应器的研究进展

介绍了膜生物反应器作为高效膜分离技术和传统活性污泥法的结合,其显著特点日益受到世界各国的重视,正在被广泛用于城市给水的净化以及生活污水和工业废水的处理,并介绍了膜生物反应器的工艺特点及其运行的影响因素。     

动态膜生物反应器-混凝工艺处理草浆中段废水

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)-混凝工艺对草浆造纸中段废水进行处理。结果表明,DMBR内的生物动态膜约在反应器运行60min后形成。在污泥浓度为10g/L、水力停留时间24h、进水CODCr1344mg/L、进水木素为390mg/L时,DMBR出水CODCr和木素分别平均为260mg/L和192mg/L。投加PAC对动态膜生物反应器出水进行混凝处理,当PAC用量为0.54g/L时,混凝处理出水的CODCr和木素平均为117mg/L和63mg/L。DMBR反冲洗后,反应器内生物动态膜的再生需要30min完成,稳定运行过程中DMBR的反冲洗周期能够稳定在29h以上。     

MBR中微生物对膜污染的影响研究

膜生物反应器技术是一种新型污水处理技术,该技术通过膜的高效截留作用,使反应器维持很高的污泥浓度,从而降低了污泥负荷,提高了系统的处理效率。但是膜污染问题限制了膜生物反应器在污水处理领域的广泛应用,而对于膜污染机理尚在深入研究中。本文主要从微生物的角度,探讨微生物性质对膜污染的影响。     

印染废水生物处理中剩余污泥的处理和处置

阐述印染废水生物处理中产生大量剩余污泥的处理和处置方法以及有关技术,系统介绍了目前剩余污泥的主要处理和处置技术及其优缺点。一般处置方法为土地利用、焚烧和卫生填埋;处理新技术有湿式氧化法、超声波处理技术、高速生物反应器和利用矿山采空区消纳剩余污泥;污泥减量化技术则包括膜生物反应器、臭氧法、微生物捕食法和水解酸化工艺。     

厌氧污泥无载体颗粒化技术

高效上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器能否成功运行的关键在于颗粒污泥的培养。作者对在(UASB)反应器中颗粒污泥的培养技术、营养条件和环境因素进行了较为详细的研究,并从物理学和生物学的角度对颗粒污泥的特性进行了分析和探讨,最后进行了颗粒污泥(UASB)反应器运行性能的研究。研究结果表明,实验室可在65天的时间内培养得到具有良好沉降性能和高活性的颗粒污泥,这种颗粒污泥其内部结构极为合理;装有颗粒污泥的UASB反应器是一种非常高效稳定的废水厌氧处理装置。     

浅议UASB+SBR工艺在酒精工业废水处理中的应用

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)加间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)综合工艺处理玉米酒精工业废水，经2年多运行表明，运行费用低、效果好，处理后的污水达标排放，还可作为中水回用。污水先经预处理系统(包括事故调节池、集水池、pH调节、冷却塔)处理后进入UASB反应器处理，经处理后出水CODcr去除率达76％，BOD去除率达83％。然后进入SBR池处理。CODcr去除率达91％，BOD5去除率达95％。处理后的水经活性炭吸咐处理后可作中水使用。     

IC厌氧反应器处理印染废水的试验研究

印染废水中污染物浓度较高,水质体现出COD高,BOD低,可生化性较差的特性,且废水呈碱性,属高浓度难降解有机废水。为了研究IC厌氧反应器用于印染废水减污预处理的可行性,采用碱减量废水膜法处理及TA回收后的出水作为试验用水,经IC反应器处理后,提高出水可生化性,并减少污泥产生量,结合后续好氧生物处理,使出水达标排放。     

环境保护

山东银河纸业集团厌氧生物处理治污工程投入运行2004年10月,厌氧加好氧生物处理治污系统在山东银河纸业集团投入运行。这是银河集团为彻底解决生产规模扩大后的工业废水实施的第三期中段水治污工程。近年来,银河集团治污投入累计4亿元,日处理工业废水达10万t,实现了发展与治污同步实施的目标。第三期工业废水厌氧加好氧生物处理治污工程的厌氧反应器采用的是荷兰技术,由荷兰帕克(上海)有限责任公司设计安装,工程投资8千万元,日处理工业废水3万t,日回收沼气3～4万m3。采用厌氧加好氧生物处理工业废水工艺的优点是能够更有效地处理高负荷的工…     

AnMBR处理高脂肪废水的运行特性和污泥性质研究

高脂肪废水是一类性质较为复杂的废水,在传统厌氧处理中面临污泥漂浮和流失问题。采用厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)对高脂肪废水进行处理,考察了其在厌氧消化过程中的运行特性和污泥性质变化。结果表明,采用AnMBR处理高脂肪废水可获得良好的污染物去除效果和强健的稳定性,COD去除效率可达99%,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)质量浓度低于200 mg/L,然而在后期运行过程中发现消化效率下降。此外,原水中较高浓度的脂肪导致其水解产物-长链脂肪酸(LCFAs)在体系内发生累积,可能对消化效率及污泥性质产生不利影响。进一步监测其污泥性质发现污泥粒径从26.5μm下降至6.5μm,而溶解性胞外聚合物(SMP)质量分数则由47.7mg/g累积至98 mg/g,污泥的相对疏水性从28.2%上升至68.1%,表明污泥性质发生恶化,从而导致了膜过滤性能下降,膜通量从32 L·(m2·h)-1衰减至10 L·(m2·h)-1。皮尔逊相关性测试表明,膜过滤性能与污泥粒径存在显著正相关关系,而与SMP和污泥相对疏水性呈较强的负相关关系。     

高通量测序对不同工艺厌氧处理下污泥微生物的群落分析

为研究工业废水处理领域IC厌氧反应器和水解酸化池工艺处理下污泥微生物群落结构,本研究通过Illumina MiSeq平台对不同工艺厌氧污泥16S rDNA高变区V3～V4区进行测序分析.水解酸化池污泥中优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),而IC反应器颗粒污泥里主要的优势菌门主要为拟杆菌门(Bactero...     

食品工业废水处理中混合液悬浮固体浓度对膜生物反应器效率的影响研究

研究了在处理食品工业废水时,混合液悬浮固体的浓度(MLSS)对正在运行的膜生物反应器的影响。膜生物反应器主要由活性污泥和中空纤维微滤膜组成。两个实验过程分别在低MLSS浓度和高MLSS浓度情况下进行。由悬浮固体(99.95%)、浊度(NTU)(99.34%)和CODcr(95.4%)的去除率可知,低MLSS浓度的实验过程达到了更高的处理效果。用MBR处理食品工业废水,出水水质稳定。     

MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究进展

纺织是高能耗、高污染行业,印染废水对我国环境影响巨大.近几十年,众多学者对印染废水的处理技术进行了大量研究.其中,膜生物反应器(M B R)由于占地面积小、出水水质好、污泥浓度高、污泥产率低等被用作处理印染废水的首选工艺之一.梳理了MBR工艺处理印染废水的研究文献,总结亟需解决的难题.     

High-rate aerobic treatment of winery wastewater using bioreactors with free and immobilized activated sludge

COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate and efficiency of winery wastewater (WW) aerobic treatments were evaluated in an air-bubble column bioreactor using self-adapted microbial populations either free or immobilized on polyurethane particles and in a packed-bed bioreactor immobilized on Raschig rings. The bioreactors were fed continuously for up to 12 months using WW of different origins and with different pollution loads (COD range, 0.8-11.0 kg.m(-3)): the maximum loading rate was approx. 8.8 kg-COD m(-3).d(-1). The highest COD removal rate (6.6 kg.m(-3).d(-1)) was obtained with free activated sludge in the bubble column bioreactor; treatment efficiency and hydraulic retention time were >90% and approx. 0.8 d, respectively. The microbial populations in the three reactors were characterized.     

SBR法连续处理油脂加工废水的小试研究

通过研究小试规模的SBR法对高浓度油脂加工废水的油脂和COD分解处理效果,以及pH值、曝气时间、进水浓度等对油脂和COD去除作用的影响,分析了高效、低能耗的SBR法用于油脂废水处理的可行性,并确定了进行油脂废水连续分解处理的工艺技术.在优化操作条件下长达1个月连续降解处理结果表明,在运行过程中控制pH为7.0,进水油脂含量和COD分别为500mg/L和1 600 mg/L左右,采用8 h曝气时间,经过12 h集中处理后,油脂的去除率超过95%,COD的去除率达到90%以上,整个系统运行连续稳定,出水水质达到油脂行业废水的国家排放标准.     

Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents: a pilot study

To reduce the release of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors into the aquatic environment or to remove them from wastewater intended for direct or indirect reuse, the application of advanced wastewater treatment may be required. In the present study, municipal wastewater effluents were treated with ozone (O3) in a pilot-scale plant consisting of two bubble columns. The investigated effluents, which varied in suspended solids concentrations, comprised an effluent of conventional activated sludge treatment (CAS), the same effluent dosed with 15 mg of TSS L(-1) of activated sludge (CAS + SS), and the effluent of a membrane bioreactor pilot plant (MBR). Selected classes of pharmaceuticals were spiked in the wastewater at realistic levels ranging from 0.5 to 5 microg L(-1). Samples taken at the inlet and the outlet of the pilot plant were analyzed with liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotics, estrogens, and the acidic pharmaceuticals diclofenac, naproxen, and indomethacin were oxidized by more than 90-99% for O3 doses > or = 2 mg L(-1) in all effluents. X-ray contrast media and a few acidic pharmaceuticals were only partly oxidized, but no significant differences were observed among the three effluents. These results show that many pharmaceuticals present in wastewater can be efficiently oxidized with O3 and that suspended solids have only a minor influence on the oxidation efficiency of nonsorbing micropollutants.     

Influence of different mesh filter module configurations on effluent quality and long-term filtration performance

Recently, a new type of wastewater treatment system became the focus of scientific research: the mesh filter activated sludge system. It is a modification of the membrane bioreactor (MBR), in which a membrane filtration process serves for sludge separation. The main difference is that a mesh filter is used instead of the membrane. The effluent is not of the same excellent quality as with membrane bioreactors due to the much lager pore sizes of the mesh. Nevertheless, it still resembles the quality of currently used standard treatment system, the activated sludge process. The new process shows high future potential as an alternative where a small footprint of these plants is required (3 times lower footprint than conventional activated sludge systems because of neglecting the secondary clarifier and reducing the biological stage). However, so far only limited information on this innovative process is available. In this study, the effect of different pore sizes and different mesh module configurations on the effluent quality was investigated varying the parameters cross-flow velocity (CFV) and flux rate. Furthermore the long-term filtration performance was studied in a pilot reactor system and results were compared to the full-scale conventional activated sludge process established at the same site. The results demonstrate that the configuration of the filter module has little impact on effluent quality and is only of importance with regard to engineering aspects. Most important for a successful operation are the hydrodynamic conditions within the filter module. The statement "the higher the pore size the higher the effluent turbidity" was verified. Excellent effluent quality with suspended solids between 5 and 15 mg L(-1) and high biological elimination rates (chemical oxygen demand (COD) 90-95%, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) 94-98%, total nitrogen (TN) 70-80%, and ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)-N) 95-99%) were achieved and also compared to those of conventional activated sludge systems. Regarding the air requirement for module aeration, which is the main cost factor in MBR technology, an astonishing optimization could be achieved. During the long-term filtration experiments only 4 N m(3)/m(3) was necessary to keep a stable filtration process for more than 3 weeks (MBR 20-50 N m(3)/m(3)).     

植物油厂降低废水处理成本的控制措施

植物油厂的废水主要来源于生产废水,其COD浓度高、含磷高,因此处理成本较高。从废水处理成本构成要素出发,分析各项费用降低方法,提出应对措施:源头控制,减少污泥,计量管理,变频调速,调整曝气和气浮,利用在线仪器科学加药,加强设备维保管理。经过半年降本措施的实施,某企业废水处理成本降低10.5%,年节省费用近90万元。     

A/O MBR组合工艺处理活性染料废水

印染废水组分复杂,含乙烯砜基活性基团的活性染料为生物难降解染料。采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合工艺(A/O MBR)处理含活性染料的废水,研究A/O MBR对三种活性染料模拟废水的降解特性。结果表明,组合工艺对不同结构活性染料色度的去除效率为:偶氮类>酞菁类>蒽醌类;组合工艺对不同染料的CODCr去除率影响不大;偶氮类染料主要在厌氧条件下脱色;铜酞菁类染料的降解过程主要发生在好氧过程。     

Seasonal variation in the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in different biological wastewater treatment processes

The occurrence of 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two wastewater treatment plants in Beijing was studied monthly over the course of one year. The removal of PPCPs by three biological treatment processes including conventional activated sludge (CAS), biological nutrient removal (BNR), and membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared during different seasons. Seasonal variations of PPCPs in the wastewater influent were discrepant, while in the wastewater effluent, most PPCPs had lower concentrations in the summer than in the winter. For the easily biodegradable PPCPs, the performance of MBR was demonstrated to be more stable than CAS or BNR especially during winter months. Diclofenac, trimethoprim, metoprolol, and gemfibrozil could be moderately removed by MBR, while their removal by CAS and BNR was much lower or even negligible. Nevertheless, no removal was achieved regardless of the season or the treatment processes for the recalcitrant PPCPs. Studies on the contribution of each tank of the MBR process to the total removal of four biodegradable PPCPs indicated the oxic tank was the most important unit, whereas membrane filtration made a negligible contribution to their elimination.