径向基粒子滤波状态跟踪测量算法

状态跟踪测量的过程噪声降低了目标信噪比,增加了自适应滤波跟踪的难度。当误差较大时,基本粒子滤波算法的预测累积误差效应将导致系统发散。无迹粒子滤波算法利用无迹卡尔曼滤波提高重要性函数估计精度,减少后验概率密度分布误差,但同时也将大幅增加运算时间。提出一种基于径向基函数网络(RBFN)的改进型粒子滤波算法PF-RBF,利用RBFN通过目标状态观测值和全局预测值拟合状态变化趋势,更新各粒子状态,提高先验概率密度分布估计精度,消除过程噪声引起的估计误差。与无迹粒子滤波(UPF)算法相比,该算法无需构造无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)重要性函数,提高了运算速度。机动目标跟踪试验表明,径向基粒子滤波算法在线性和非线性观测方程下的状态跟踪测量精度和算法稳定性均优于UKF、PF和UPF算法,可有效实现对状态变化的实时鲁棒跟踪。当参与运算的粒子数增加时,PF-RBF算法执行时间的增长速率较UPF算法更低,可满足高精度状态跟踪应用。     

无线传感网络测量的目标预测动态能量优化

能量约束是无线传感网络实际应用的关键问题之一。针对无线传感网络测量的能效性问题,提出目标预测动态能量优化方法,采用粒子滤波算法对测量目标状态进行预测,通过动态唤醒无线传感节点延长节点睡眠时间节省节点能量。根据无线传感网络节点分布计算能力,运用分布式遗传模拟退火算法优化目标测量过程,使网络能耗最小化。重点讨论机动目标跟踪应用,实现目标位置预测、节点睡眠状态规划和测量节点优化选择,提出节省通信能量的中转节点路由方案。机动目标跟踪的仿真试验表明,目标预测动态能量优化方法能降低节点能耗,并提高无线传感网络的能量有效性。     

无线传感器网络的分布式目标跟踪研究

针对无线传感器网络节点计算能力和能量受限问题,提出一种分布式并行扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法.在网络动态分簇模型上,簇头将粒子集划分为多个子集,并分配到簇内各个传感器节点中并行运行,最后在簇头进行信息融合,得到目标状态估计.算法提高了粒子滤波效率,避免单个节点能量过度消耗,均衡了网络能耗.同时,算法利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器来产生粒子滤波的重要性密度函数,使得重要性密度函数抽样样本更加接近后验概率密度产生的样本.仿真结果表明,算法对运动目标能实现较好的预测和跟踪,跟踪精度高,并能有效平衡网络能耗.实验结果说明了提出算法的有效性和可行性.     

无线传感器网络中节省能量的目标跟踪算法

目标跟踪是无线传感器网络中的一个重要应用。由于传感器节点携带的电池能量有限,且处于工作状态时消耗的能量要大于感知状态和休眠状态,如何在降低节点的能量消耗和保证跟踪精度之间找到一个平衡点,是一个需要解决的问题。因此,一种节省能量的目标跟踪算法被提出。在每个采样时间段,选择出一个节点作为调度节点,调度节点指挥普通节点在3种模式之间进行转换,只选择一部分节点处于工作和感知状态,其余节点处于休眠状态。仿真结果显示,和其他跟踪算法相比,这种算法能够减少能量消耗,降低跟踪误差。     

基于自适应二进制灰狼算法的节点协同跟踪

针对大规模无线传感器网络中目标跟踪时的节点选择问题,为了满足跟踪精度和实时性的要求,提出了一种自适应二进制灰狼优化算法,用于求解基于条件后验克拉美-罗下界构建的节点选择优化模型.该算法采用非线性动态自适应收敛因子,同时引入基于V型函数的位置更新原则.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效完成目标跟踪的节点选择任务,与二进制灰狼算...     

基于无线传感器网络自校正定位算法

节点定位是无线传感器网络的重要应用之一,为了抑制实际应用中各种环境因素对无线传感器节点精度的影响,提出了一种基于误差校正的定位算法。通过基于粒子群优化算法的粒子群优化-接收信号强度指示算法(par-ticle swarm optimization-received signal strength indication,简称PSO-RSSI算法)将未知节点收到信标节点一定数量的存在偏差的链路质量指示值进行优化,实现对误差的补偿。将链路质量指示值转化为接收信号强度指示值,从而得到距离。实验结果表明,该算法可提高定位精度,具有普遍应用价值。     

采用改进粒子群优化粒子滤波的三维人手跟踪

针对高维人手状态空间中的采样稀疏问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化粒子滤波的关节人手跟踪方法,用于从Kinect获取的深度图像序列中恢复三维人手运动。首先,利用简单几何基元建立三维人手模型,并为其添加自由度节点,用于在跟踪过程中生成可与观测特征进行比较的人手姿势假设。然后,在粒子滤波框架下,使用深度图像作为观测输入,融合深度特征与区域特征建立了系统观测模型。最后,将粒子群优化粒子滤波应用于关节人手运动跟踪。为避免在高维空间中的早熟收敛问题,利用模拟退火思想和局部随机化方法对算法进行改进,增强了算法的全局搜索能力。通过合成序列和真实序列上的跟踪实验对该方法进行了评价,结果表明该方法的关节角度跟踪误差均值约为2.3°,标准差约为1.7°,优于标准粒子滤波和标准粒子群优化跟踪方法,可以准确、鲁棒地从深度图像跟踪三维人手运动。     

基于粒子滤波的传感器网络被动目标跟踪研究

为提高被动跟踪性能并减少无线传感器网络中的通信开销,该文提出了一种分布式的粒子滤波方法.首先,利用转弯率建立了机动目标的被动跟踪模型,然后,动态组织传感器网络节点成簇,推导了分布式粒子滤波实现的具体步骤.最后,使用计算机仿真对两种粒子滤波方法性能进行了对比,结果表明两种方法具有良好的跟踪精度,但分布式方法通信消耗更小.     

层次分簇的无线传感网络多级优化测量

层次化的无线传感网络由骨干传感节点和普通传感节点组成.由于节点能量受限,无线传感网络跟踪测量目标时需同时考虑目标跟踪精度和跟踪方法的能效性.提出一种层次分簇的多级优化无线测量方法.将骨干节点作为簇首,采用粒子滤波算法预测运动目标位置,运用DELAUNAY三角剖分优化选择目标附近的节点作为测量节点,并根据测量节点地理位置判断是否转移簇首.在测量节点同步的感知目标后,簇首利用熵来逐次选择能效性最高的测量节点数据进行融合,实现目标定位测量.试验表明,该方法能满足目标跟踪精度,并可有效的减少网络能耗,提高无线传感网络测量使用寿命.     

自主多决策粒子群的无线传感器网络覆盖优化

网络节点覆盖是无线传感器应用的重要一环,为提高网络节点覆盖率,提出一种基于自主多决策粒子群的无线传感器网络覆盖算法。该算法首先引入Bernoulli混沌与Logistic混沌映射耦合成为一种新的精英混沌映射来初始化种群,提高初始解质量,为全局寻优奠定基础。其次,引入一种多决策方法,通过随机赋予粒子不同学习方式,使它们获得不同于其他群体的自主决策能力,增强算法的局部寻优性能。然后,利用一种融合柯西变异与反向学习的交替扰动策略对最优粒子进行扰动变异,提高算法跳出局部最优的能力。在典型测试函数的实验结果表明,自主粒子群所提算法收敛速度更快、寻优精度更高、稳定性更强,且用其优化的无线传感器网络节点分布更均匀、覆盖率更高,验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.