油页岩循环流化床燃烧室密相区物料颗粒与燃烧特性

在 65t/h油页岩循环流化床锅炉上进行了燃烧室密相区物料特性与燃烧特性的工业试验。得到了极具片状结构特点的油页岩颗粒特性 ,经燃烧破碎磨损后的密相区床料和循环物料的颗粒特性与燃烧特性及相应的锅炉运行参数。试验结果对油页岩循环流化床锅炉的放大设计与运行调节具有一定的参考价值。同时为进一步建立油页岩循环流化床燃烧室密相区的流动、燃烧、传热、磨损、扬析与夹带模型奠定了基础。     

油页岩循环流化床锅炉示范热电厂

介绍了目前世界上已投入商业运行的最大容量的油页岩循环流化床锅炉示范电厂及其主要设备与锅炉岛系统。三年多的运行实践证明,采用循 环流化床燃烧技术燃用高灰分、高挥发分、低热值油页岩是合适的。为进一步建设大型油页岩循环流化床电站奠定了可靠的技术基础。     

循环流化床流体特性研究

在 D2 0 0 mm× 2 560 mm自制循环流化床上利用生石灰进行了流体特性研究 .实验结果表明 :固体颗粒循环速率和表观气速是影响压力分布的两个重要因素 .降低气速、提高颗粒循环速率 ,可以提高床内颗粒浓度 ,增加颗粒停留时间 .最后经无因次分析和实验数据拟合 ,分别得到了循环流化床压降和颗粒浓度沿床轴向分布经验关联式 .     

发展循环流化床燃烧锅炉

<正> 一、引言煤是一种组成复杂、品质各异的固体矿物类燃料,其理化性质和燃烧特性随产地不同而千变万化。在燃烧高灰和(或)高硫煤以及粒度范围较宽、未经筛分的煤时,常常出现很多困难。中国煤炭资源丰富、品种繁多,煤炭的燃烧利用已有数千年的历史,因此在燃用各类煤种方面,积累了很多经验。但是中国目前燃煤设备的总体性能还很差。例如,耗煤量占全国年产总量约1/3的中小型工业锅炉的平均热效率只有60%左右,而电站的发电平均煤耗也超过400g标煤当量/kWh。此外,由于燃     

循环流化床焚烧炉中生活垃圾燃烧特性研究进展

总结了近年来国内外垃圾焚烧炉技术的研究与应用现状;介绍了几种循环流化床燃烧系统的结构特点及垃圾的燃烧特性;详细论述了生活垃圾和煤炭等基础燃料在流化床中燃烧特性的研究进展。     

循环流化床置换燃烧机理介绍及流动特性研究

介绍了一种基于循环流化床的动力系统方案——循环流化床置换燃烧。这种燃烧系统能在没有能量损失的前提下,将CO2从燃烧产物中分离出来。本文设计建立了一套燃煤循环流化床置换燃烧冷态实验系统,以此为研究对象,选择具有代表性的实验物料,利用测试系统取得多种信号参数,获得反应装置之间的气固流动特性,总结出一定的规律,为以后的热态实验以及进一步探索奠定基础。     

循环流化床置换燃烧机理介绍及流动特性研究

介绍了一种基于循环流化床的动力系统方案———循环流化床置换燃烧。这种燃烧系统能在没有能量损失的前提下,将CO2从燃烧产物中分离出来。本文设计建立了一套燃煤循环流化床置换燃烧冷态实验系统,以此为研究对象,选择具有代表性的实验物料,利用测试系统取得多种信号参数,获得反应装置之间的气固流动特性,总结出一定的规律,为以后的热态实验以及进一步探索奠定基础。     

煤和油页岩的循环流化床固体热载体转化工艺

<正> 我们从研究油页岩的低温干馏出发,考虑到煤的综合利用问题,根据多年经验,并总结了国内外在这方面的研究成果,运用“单体构成系统”的方法,把一些成熟和先进的单体技术进行优化组合,构成为一个系统,称为煤和油页岩的循环流化床固体热载体转化工艺。该工艺是实现煤炭综合利用、城市煤气     

茂名油页岩燃烧特性研究

介绍了茂名油页岩的燃烧特性,包括油页岩理化特性,点火、着火、低负荷稳燃、燃尽、压火、结焦特性等,分析了茂名油页岩在循环流化床上燃烧的可行性,同时对茂名油页岩CFB大型设计提出了建议,对锅炉设计有一定的指导意义。     

循环流化床锅炉飞灰残碳燃烧特性的实验研究

采用了浮选法从循环流化床锅炉飞灰中提取残碳,在德国NETZSCH公司的STA409型热分析仪上研究了原煤与飞灰残碳的燃烧特性的差别,并研究了两种飞灰残碳在不同氧浓度下的燃烧行为.实验结果表明:飞灰残碳的反应性温度以及着火温度较原煤高,残碳的反应活性并不仅仅依赖其入炉煤,还与电厂的具体燃烧工况有关.随着氧浓度增大,飞灰残碳的着火温度呈下降趋势,着火时间提前,飞灰残碳的综合燃烧特性指数提高;当氧浓度小于40%时,飞灰残碳燃烧特性改变较大,当氧浓度大于40%时,改善趋势变缓.因此采用膜法富氧燃烧时,宜采用的氧浓度为40%左右.     

小颗粒油页岩热裂解制取页岩油试验研究

针对中国小颗粒油页岩的利用现状,在实验室条件下,利用自行研制的流化床热裂解装置进行了小颗粒油页岩制取页岩油的试验研究,通过正交试验优化出了热裂解制取页岩油的最优工艺参数。实验结果表明,在最优工艺条件下,产油率在5%左右。因此流化床热裂解技术是一种有效的小颗粒油页岩加工制油的新方法。     

Flow structure and combustion characteristic of 65 t/h oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed riser—2: Dilute phase

In this paper, a 65 t/h oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler was put into commercial operation in Huadian of China in 1996 and industrial hot experiment was done for studying the flow structure and combustion characteristic of CFB dilute phase regime. Flow structure and solid flux of dilute phase regime were investigated along both vertical direction and horizontal direction under different boiler loads. Particle-size distribution and carbon content of oil shale combustion residues were obtained. Experimental investigation shows that SO₂ concentration decreases with increasing the furnace height, and NO_X emission can be reduced by adopting staged combustion technology, low-temperature combustion and circulating combustion. Experimental results are valuable for adjusting the 65 t/h boiler and designing large-scale oil shale-fired CFB boiler. At the same time, the experiment lays a foundation for modeling the flow structure, combustion, heat transfer and abrasion of oil shale-fired CFB dilute phase regime.     

Regulating characteristics of loop seal in a 65 t/h oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler

In this paper, an industrial cold experiment was conducted for studying regulating characteristics of a loop seal in a 65 t/h oil shale-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The starting characteristic of the loop seal, and the effect of the supplying air and the fluidizing air in the loop seal were investigated. Compared with other regulating modes, the combined regulating mode of keeping the fluidizing air rate constant and regulating the supplying air rate can make the loop seal obtain better regulating quality, and offer more reliable guarantee for steady operation of the CFB boiler as well. In order to prevent circulating material depositing and slagging at the bottom of the loop seal, it was suggested that the fluidizing air rate and the supplying air rate is 2-3 and 1.2-1.5 times of the minimum fluidizing velocity of circulating material, respectively. These experimental results may be used as a reference for regulating the loop seal of the 65 t/h CFB boiler in hot condition and designing a new loop seal.     

油页岩固体热载体流化干馏炼油工艺中试研究

介绍了以依兰粉末页岩作原料的页岩流化干流中试装置概况及试验流程,并对试验结果进行了分析。中试结果表明,中试装置页岩油产率为铝甑干馏法的90.15%,经冷凝回收系统及油泥处理后获得的页岩油收率为铝甑的82%;固体热载体流化干馏工艺所产页岩油较轻,337℃以前馏分大于80%。     

油页岩地面干馏技术研究

近年来,随着国际石油供求矛盾的不断突出和石油价格的居高不下,油页岩资源逐渐引起了众多科研人员的青睐.油页岩是一种重要的非常规油气资源.世界油页岩分布范围广,储量十分丰富,其探明可采储量如果折算成页岩油,数倍于世界原油的探明储量.页岩油作为石油的一种理想替代品,进行油页岩制油技术的研究不仅蕴含巨大的商业利益和经济价值,对国家安全和能源战略也具有十分重要的意义.油页岩制取页岩油的技术可分为地面干馏技术和原位开采技术.地面干馏技术的工艺和设备发展比较成熟,也是目前制取页岩油最主要的途径.根据颗粒粒度的大小又可分为块状干馏技术和小颗粒干馏技术.着重介绍的块状油页岩干馏技术有抚顺炉技术、Kiviter技术和Petrosix技术,小颗粒干馏技术有Tosco-Ⅱ技术、ATP 工艺和Enefit-280工艺等.最后指出了油页岩地面干馏技术的发展趋势.     

油页岩干馏油气冷凝回收页岩油的研究

采用间冷回收工艺方法对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩热解干馏油气进行了冷凝回收分析研究,考察了冷凝终温等因素对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩热解干馏油气回收页岩油收率的影响,同时对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩、页岩气和页岩油进行了特征分析,对工业生产具有指导意义。     

抚顺页岩油综合利用的研究

为充分合理地利用抚顺页岩油资源,对抚顺页岩油柴油馏分(350℃)进行络合精制实验。结果表明:当溶剂比为0.2、络合比为0.25、络合温度为60℃、络合时间为4h的络合精制条件下,精制油的碱性氮含量由0.30%降低到0.069%。抚顺页岩油柴油馏分通过实验室络合精制后,页岩柴油的碱性氮含量由0.30%降到0.020%。结果表明:应将该页岩油的柴油馏分进行精制生产合格柴油,或是作为低凝点柴油的调和组分;蜡油馏分溶剂脱蜡后,蜡膏通过精制后生产商品石蜡,脱蜡油精制后作为中速柴油机燃料、热裂化或加氢裂化的原料油。     

Extraction of El-Lajjun Oil Shale

Abstract

Extraction of the bitumen fraction of El-Lajjun oil shale was carried out using 17 different solvents, pure and combined. Out of all the solvents used, toluene and chloroform were found to be the most efficient for extraction of the bitumen to perform the major part of the experiments. This selectivity was based on the quality and quantity of the yield and on the quantity of solvent recovered. Extraction was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor. For complete recovery of solvent the extract phase was subjected to two stages of distillation, simple distillation followed by fractional distillation, where different cuts of oil were obtained. It was found that an optimum shale size of 1.0 mm offered better solvent recovery. One hour was the optimum time needed for complete extraction. The yield of oil was determined from the material balance gained from fractional distillation after testing for the existence of any traces of solvent trapped in the different cuts by using a gas chromotography technique. When chloroform was used, it was found that the average amount of bitumen extracted was 0.037 g/g of shale, which corresponds to 98% of the actual bitumen trapped in the oil shale (by assuming the bitumen represents 15% of the organic matter) and 84.1% of solvent recovered. When toluene was used, it was found that the average amount of oil extracted was 0.0293 g/g of shale, which corresponds to 78% of the actual bitumen trapped in the oil shale (by assuming bitumen represents 15% of the organic matter) and 89.9% of solvent for extraction with toluene.