扩散型风力机叶片的优化设计

基于叶素-动量理论和简单的扩散器效率计算方法,建立了一种用于低风速场景的扩散型风力机模型,该模型包含了风力机来流风速、叶轮平面处风速、扩散器出口风速、尾流风速、风力机叶片荷载、叶素参数及风能利用系数之间的关联关系。针对某型号扩散型风力机,利用该模型开展了叶片结构参数的优化设计,并通过Fluent软件对优化设计前、后的风力机流场进行了仿真模拟分析。分析结果显示：在额定工况下,优化设计前、后扩散型风力机的叶尖速度、叶轮转矩、风能利用系数都得到一定程度的提升。以期该研究结果可为小尺寸低风速风电机组的叶片设计提供可行方向。     

基于并行遗传算法的低风速高性能风力机叶片优化设计

根据美国可再生能源实验室提出的适用于低风速的翼型S822、S823建立初始叶片,并采用遗传算法在基于叶素-动量理论计算结果的基础上对叶片的弦长和安装角进行优化,最后采用CFD方法对设计点进行深入计算分析验证.数值研究结果证明,采用这种方法设计的风力机叶片在低风速下具备较好的气动性能.     

局部瞬态风况下风力机叶片载荷计算

对叶素动量理论(BEM)进行改进,动量理论的计算仍在风轮坐标系下进行,而叶素理论的计算在叶片的局部坐标系下进行。在局部坐标系下能更准确地利用二维翼型的特性来计算气动载荷,同时也能更好地调用Beddoes-Leishman(B-L)模型,从而全面考虑到风轮锥角、局部风况甚至叶片弯曲变形的影响。再将动量理论和叶素理论统一在风轮坐标系下完成迭代。采用B-L模型预测二维翼型的动态气动性能时应用切向力分离点计算分离流切向力,从而提高模型对动态气动阻力的预测精度。结合改进的BEM理论和动态效应模型对Tjaereborg 2 MW风力机进行仿真,所得叶根挥舞弯矩相比经典BEM更接近测试值。     

某兆瓦级水平轴风力机叶片气动设计和性能评估

基于片条理论,建立了水平轴风力机的气动参数和性能计算模型,并考虑了叶尖损失、叶根损失、叶栅影响和重载荷下对片条理论参数的修正。以此为基础设计完成了某1．5MW水平轴风力机叶片的气动外形．并对其气动性能进行了评估,结果表明该风力机叶片气动性能达到设计要求,具有较佳的风能利用系数和运转特性。     

叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机气动性能研究

对麦克马斯特大学H型垂直轴风力机进行改进,交错布置其叶片,设计了一种叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机。基于CFD方法计算典型工况下叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机的功率,结果表明,在相同几何尺寸和工况下叶片交叠布置垂直轴风力机的功率系数高于麦克马斯特大学H型垂直轴风力机,在尖速比为1.6时,最大功率系数达到0.338。最后分析了风场的涡强和风速分布特性,得出叶片交叠布置对于减少尾流影响具有显著作用的结论。     

10MW风力机叶片设计及其在随机风载荷下的响应分析

对大型风力机柔性叶片的设计方法及其在随机风载荷作用下的动态响应与载荷特性进行了研究。根据风力机叶片空气动力学和结构设计理论,将柔性叶片离散为多个刚体,形成一个多体系统。根据多体动力学的建模方法和叶片气动模型,考虑两者的相互作用,建立了柔性叶片的非线性耦合动力学方程并开发了相应的仿真程序。算例分析了叶片在随机风载荷作用下的气弹载荷与随机振动响应,并对稳定风速和紊流风速下的响应结果作了对比分析。     

叶片非均匀磨蚀特征对风力机气动性能的影响

结合中国西北地区风沙活动频繁的特点,以1.5 MW叶片的缩比模型作为试验用风力机叶片,设计风沙流冲蚀磨损装置,对叶片压力面沿弦向和展向分区域冲蚀。将加装冲蚀后叶片的风电机组进行车载试验,研究叶片分区域非均匀磨蚀特征对气动性能的影响。结果表明：前缘磨蚀叶片在小安装角下总体导致风电机组输出功率减小,气动性能下降,风能利用系数在31.7°安装角下降更明显;展向半冲蚀叶片小安装角时使风力机输出功率和风能利用系数均下降,而安装角增大后出现气动性能提高的积极效应;展向全冲蚀叶片小安装角时体现出积极效应,安装角增大后引起气动性能劣化。     

水平轴风力机叶片稳态失速气动阻尼分析

通过对风力机叶片翼型截面进行稳态气动力分析,同时结合整个叶片的结构动力学模态分析,创建风力机叶片稳态气动阻尼分析模型.从而在准确计算单翼型和单叶片气动阻尼的基础上,建立有效的气动阻尼分析方法,探究影响气动阻尼变化的关键参数.并以容易引发叶片失速振动的负气动阻尼为研究重点,采用典型的叶片模型进行实例计算,进而应用建立的气动阻尼分析方法进行叶片模型参数修正,旨在改善失速工况下的负气动阻尼,从而为风力机叶片的气动优化和抑振设计提供较准确的现实依据.     

叶片最大厚度前部修型的垂直轴风力机气动性能

风力机叶片是使风能转化为机械能的原动机构,是风力机的重要部件,风力机风能利用系数的高低主要取决于其叶片的气动外形。保持直叶片垂直轴风力机使用的NACA0022翼型的对称性不变,改变其叶片最大厚度前部的形状,以期得到高风能利用系数的垂直轴风力机翼型。利用Fluent软件,采用k-ωSST湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,运用滑移网格技术,对由不同叶片构成的风力机进行数值计算。计算结果表明,当叶片最大厚度前部是长短轴比为3∶2的椭圆形状时,风力机的风能利用系数更高,而且处于高风能利用系数的尖速比范围更宽;在尖速比为1.72时,风能利用系数最高,为24.8%,此时的风能利用系数较基本翼型提高了28%。叶片修型提高风力机性能的物理机制是最大厚度点前移后的叶片在大攻角下的扰流流动分离强度减弱了。     

水平轴风力机气动性能计算模型

基于片条理论建立了水平轴风力机气动性能计算模型,考虑叶尖损失、轮毂损失、叶栅理论及失速状态下动量理论的失效对片条理论进行了修正,并且考虑了风剪切、偏航、风轮的结构参数和风力机安装参数对计算模型的影响,使得理论模型更接近于实际工况中的风力机。应用所设计的气动性能计算程序对一台1．3MW的失速调节风力机进行了气动性能计算,与国外大型商业软件的计算结果取得了良好的一致性,从而验证了模型的正确性和实用性。     

100kW风力发电机叶片疲劳分析

结合有限元分析方法和叶片振动试验方法,利用最少的试验设备,检测出叶片危险部位的相应数据,以提高疲劳试验的可靠性。通过理论计算和数学建模相结合的方法,确定叶片阴阳两面最大变形位置,使试验条件更符合叶片的实际工况。分析试验结果显示,被测叶片达到了设计标准的要求。     

Tip loss corrections for wind turbine computations

As an essential ingredient in the blade element momentum theory, the tip loss effect of rotors plays an important role in the prediction of wind turbine performance. Various tip loss corrections based on the Prandtl tip loss function are analysed in the article. Comparisons with measurements and theoretical analyses show that existing tip loss correction models are inconsistent and fail to predict correctly the physical behaviour in the proximity of the tip. A new tip loss correction model is proposed that remedies the inconsistency. Comparisons between numerical and experimental data show that the new model results in much better predictions of the loading in the tip region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型水平轴式风电叶片的结构设计

风电叶片是风力发电设备的关键部件之一,其制造成本占总成本的20%～30%.叶片结构是叶片捕获风能的保证,并直接影响风力发电设备的运行寿命.因此,叶片结构设计的好坏在很大程度上决定了风力发电设备的可靠性和利用风能的成本.文章从材料、结构形式、铺层设计、结构分析等4个方面详细地阐述了风电叶片结构的设计技术.     

Aerodynamic optimization of wind turbine rotors using a blade element momentum method with corrections for wake rotation and expansion

The blade element momentum (BEM) method is widely used for calculating the quasi‐steady aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines. Recently, the BEM method has been expanded to include corrections for wake expansion and the pressure due to wake rotation (), and more accurate solutions can now be obtained in the blade root and tip sections. It is expected that this will lead to small changes in optimum blade designs. In this work, has been implemented, and the spanwise load distribution has been optimized to find the highest possible power production. For comparison, optimizations have been carried out using BEM as well. Validation of shows good agreement with the flow calculated using an advanced actuator disk method. The maximum power was found at a tip speed ratio of 7 using , and this is lower than the optimum tip speed ratio of 8 found for BEM. The difference is primarily caused by the positive effect of wake rotation, which locally causes the efficiency to exceed the Betz limit. Wake expansion has a negative effect, which is most important at high tip speed ratios. It was further found that by using , it is possible to obtain a 5% reduction in flap bending moment when compared with BEM. In short, allows fast aerodynamic calculations and optimizations with a much higher degree of accuracy than the traditional BEM model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aerodynamic analysis of a stator‐augmented linear cascade wind turbine

This study proposes to attach stator vanes to PowerWindow, a linear cascade wind turbine, to improve the flow direction in the device. By controlling the angle of attack, the stator vanes increase the acting force and decrease the undesirable force on PowerWindow blades. An analytical model using blade element momentum theory is developed for the new configuration, referred to as stator‐augmented PowerWindow. The analytical model has been verified by a computational fluid dynamic simulation. This study shows that the stator vanes are able to minimize/neutralize the undesirable axial force on PowerWindow so that the thrust coefficient decreases from 0.035 in the original model to ?0.005 in the stator‐augmented one. In addition, by increasing the acting force on the blades, the stator augmentation will simultaneously enhance the coefficient of performance by up to 10%. This study also shows that by using stator vanes to control the angle of attack, unlike in the original PowerWindow, the direction of rotation of the stator‐augmented PowerWindow will remain the same regardless of the wind direction, increasing the utility of the device in practice.     

5MW风力发电机复合材料叶片结构力学特性分析

大型风力发电机复合材料叶片的强度、刚度和抵抗屈曲等结构力学特性对风机的性能及寿命有重要的影响。文章结合MATLAB和ANSYS有限元建模方法,建立了含有铺层信息的复合材料叶片三维有限元模型,对5MW风力发电机叶片进行了静态结构力学特性分析;定义了两种极端运行工况,分析和计算了极端工况载荷作用下的叶尖位移及力学特性,得到了应力最大的关键区域及屈曲特征。将仿真分析结果与FAST软件计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性,为进一步地分析和铺层厚度优化提供了可行的方法和参考依据。     

Effect of shallow-angled skins on the structural performance of the large-scale wind turbine blade

Two shallow-angled symmetric and asymmetric skins, with off-axis fiber angles of less than 45°, were proposed and employed to a 5 MW wind turbine blade. For the symmetric configuration, shallow-angled skins were applied to both the pressure and suction sides of the blade, while, for the asymmetric configuration, only the pressure side was implemented with a shallow-angled skin, keeping the conventional 45-degree-angled skin for the suction side. The blade tip deflection, modal frequencies, buckling stability, and failure index were computed for off-axis fiber angles of 45°, 35°, and 25°. The use of shallow-angled skins improved blade bending stiffness and strength. The buckling resistance decreased for symmetric skins and remained unchanged for asymmetric skins; the former case was compensated for by increasing the core thickness. For both skin configurations, a reduction in the blade failure index of up to 18% and 38%, and mass reductions of up to 8% and 13% were demonstrated for the 35° and 25° shallow-angled skins, respectively.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine blades with a sinusoidal leading edge

The aerodynamic characteristics of a kind of bionic wind turbine blades with a sinusoidal leading edge have been investigated in this paper based on a three‐dimensional Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulation. The calculated results show that compared with a straight leading‐edge blade, the new‐type blade has a great improvement in shaft torque at high wind speeds. The localized vortices shedding from the leading‐edge tubercles, which can generate a much greater peak of the leading‐edge suction pressure than that from the straight leading‐edge case, are the physical essentials to enhance the wavy blade's aerodynamic performances as the blade goes into stall. In particular, the outboard segment from the 60%R station to the blade tip is the key region for wavy leading‐edge blades to improve the aerodynamic characteristics at high‐speed inflows. In this key region, a wavy blade can obtain a greater power output as the wavelength l and the waveheight δ increase. The present numerical results also show that the wavy leading‐edge shape is unfavorable for a wind turbine blade under the design conditions (e.g., at the rated wind speed). At these conditions, an early boundary‐layer separation as a result of the geometric disturbances of the leading‐edge tubercles will inevitably result in a visible shaft‐torque reduction in the wavy‐blade cases. Anyway, the wavy blades still tend to generate a more robust power output as a whole from 10 to 20 m s ^?1 than the original NREL phase‐VI blade. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于应变模态的风机叶片损伤诊断研究

针对多种受损工况下的风机叶片损伤诊断问题,文章基于模态理论对受损前和受损后的风机叶片进行位移和应变模态分析.首先建立风机叶片的三维模型并对其进行有限元分析;然后模拟叶片两位置不同的损伤状况,比较各工况下位移模态曲线、应变模态曲线和应变模态差分曲线在受损前后的变化规律,进而对叶片进行损伤辨识;最后选取应变模态变化率和由差...     

风电叶片固有频率相关性分析新方法

为进行三维风电叶片振动系统固有频率相关性分析,采用MATLAB和ANSYS共同建立了风电叶片三维有限元参数模型,并分析了叶片固有振动特性.考虑系统随机结构参数对风电叶片固有振动的影响,运用将Monte Carlo与ANSYS相结合的方法对叶片固有振动特性进行相关性分析,进而判断其对随机结构参数的敏感性,形成了一种叶片结...