一种新型结构的动静压混合径向滑动轴承

本文提出了一种具有良好动静压综合性能的新型结构的动静压混合径向滑动轴承。该轴承不仅在理论上具有合理性，而且具有一定的工程应用价值。理论计算和分析表明，该轴承的静压支承能力较之普通的浅腔式轴承得以大幅度提高，使转轴在启动和停车阶段能够获得可靠的油膜支承作用。此外，由于用浅腔节流和环面节流替代了传统的外节流器设计，有效地解决了静压轴承使用中经常出现的节流器堵塞问题。试验研究证明了理论分析的正确性。     

同时承担径向力和轴向力的轴承结构的改进

分析了圆锥滚子轴承的缺点，设计了一种可代替圆锥滚子轴承的新型轴承一径向推力组合轴承。该轴承已获得国家专利。     

浅谈液体动静压轴承

液体动静压轴承是在液体动压轴承和液体静压轴承的基础上发展起来的新型油膜轴承。在动压轴承的基础上,于适当的位置开设适当数量和大小的静压腔,这些静压腔都配备适当的静压供油系统,同时又配备一套动压供油系统,从而形成液体动静压轴承。 液体动静压轴承的出现,是随着机械工业的发展,为适应更高转速、更高承载力、更高油膜刚度的要求而出现的新型油膜轴承。液体动静压     

俄罗斯轴承工业技术动态

从材料、结构及工艺方法系统阐述了俄罗斯轴承工业用低碳钢替代 ШХ１５ 钢，在轴承上应用聚合材料以及研究开发的新型结构和新工艺，论述了俄罗斯轴承技术的发展趋势和方向。附图４ 幅，参考文献２ 篇。     

新型阶梯圆柱销节流向心静压轴承特性研究

采用内部节流的静压轴承具有刚度高、不易堵塞等优点,但节流腔占据很大面积,造成轴承尺寸增大.文中将传统的节流腔改进为阶梯圆柱销式,最大限度地减少节流腔的面积,在不增加轴承尺寸的情况下提高了静压轴承的承载能力和刚度.该新型阶梯圆柱销节流器结构简单,工艺性良好,容易做成装配式结构.文中推导了该节流器的液阻及节流比,并通过计算比较了毛细管、小孔和阶梯圆柱销节流下向心静压轴承的无量纲承载能力和油膜刚度.     

环形进气锥腔结构静压气体轴承性能研究

中心进气锥腔轴承承载力较高,但气腔容积较大,稳定性较差。对中心进气锥腔轴承结构进行改进,提出环形进气锥腔气体轴承;建立供气孔和轴承间隙组成的完整气体轴承流场,采用层流模式计算不同轴承结构参数时的压力分布、承载力和气容比,并计算优化结构的轴承的承载力和刚度。结果表明,在一定范围内增大锥腔高度和锥腔半径可以提高承载力,增大气容比;改进后的气体轴承承载力和刚度较高,气腔容积大大减小,稳定性提高。     

动静压轴承在大型磨床上的应用

动静压轴承在大型磨床上的应用北京航空航天大学赵丕智，甘彦普辽宁省工业技术开发推广站李长喜，吕作元一、孔式环面加表面浅腔节流动静压混合轴承简介１结构形式（见图１）图１孔成环面加表面浅腔节流动静压混合轴承从图上可以看出，它的特点是在轴承表面的每个油垫上开...     

新型水润滑动静压高速主轴轴承的流场模拟

轴承过热会造成高速高刚度主轴抱轴,导致主轴失效。如何提高小间隙轴承内的泄油量来降低轴承温升,是高速高刚度主轴轴承设计必须考虑的重要因素。提出一种新型的可应用于高速机床主轴的高速水润滑多孔阶梯轴承,应用FLUENT软件对其流场进行模拟分析。根据轴承的对称性,选用1/8轴承建立流场分析模型。分析结果表明,可以在同一个深腔内开设有进出油孔的结构,从进油孔节流后流入深腔的润滑油不会无效泄漏,可达到降低轴承温升的目的;深腔内的润滑油为紊流,而浅腔中润滑油紊流现象逐渐减弱;进油孔的节流形式为孔式环面节流。     

异形节流腔动静压气浮轴承承载特性

采用有限体积法研究三自由度异形节流腔气浮轴承的承载特性。通过对三自由度异形节流腔气浮轴承内部流场的仿真分析,探讨轴承转速与供气压力对气浮轴承承载特性的影响,并就承载特性与常规节流腔结构气浮轴承进行对比。结果表明,三自由度异形节流腔气浮轴承的承载特性与供气压力及轴承转速呈非线性关系,为使轴承承载能力处于最优值,应将供气压力与轴承转速做出限定;采用异形节流腔结构,较常规节流腔结构,在相同工况条件下,可显著提升气浮轴承的承载能力,说明三自由度异形节流腔气浮轴承拥有更加优异的承载能力。     

环面浅腔动静压气体轴承

文章简介环面浅腔二次节流动静压气体轴承的结构特点,计算分析了轴承的静态性能。结果表明,该轴承的承载能力和刚度远高于一般静压气体轴承。附图5幅,表7个,参考文献8篇。     

静压向心轴承的结构创新设计

为提高矩形油腔静压向心轴承工作时产生的动压效应，设计了一种含矩形油腔、“门形”油腔和“回形”油腔的复合式油腔结构的新型静压向心轴承，该结构轴承在产生足够的静压承载能力的基础上可产生很强的动压效应。经理论分析与实验表明，复合式油腔静压向心轴承的承载能力和油膜刚度较常规使用的矩形油腔静压向心轴承均有大幅度提高。轴承的偏心率可由截流器无级调节。     

The effect of the recess shape on performance analysis of the gas-lubricated bearing in optical lithography

Gas-lubricated bearings are widely used in the optical lithographic manufacturing of wafers to realize nearly zero friction for the motion of the stage. As the extreme precise positioning accuracy of these equipments has reached nanometer level, and almost approaches the physical limit, the effect of the recess shape of the gas bearings cannot be neglected any longer. This paper studies the effect of the recessed shape of the bearing on the performance analysis through numerical method. The pressure distribution, as well as the loading capacity and mass flow rate for the case of different shape (no pocketed bearing, rectangular shape and spherical shape bearing, respectively) of the bearing is achieved with the well-known CFD-control element procedures in Quad meshes. The results show that the average loading capacity reduces as the following sequence: rectangular recessed bearing, spherical recessed bearing and non-recessed bearing. The mass flow rate in the bearing with spherical recess is smaller than that of with rectangular recess, and bigger than that of with non-recess. Vortexes, which can cause higher temperature in gas film, are also found in the spherical recess or rectangular recess. It means that only the bearing with non-recess is fitted to use in ultra-high precision equipments.     

Performance of membrane compensated multirecess hydrostatic/hybrid flexible journal bearing system considering various recess shapes

The paper describes a theoretical study concerning the performance of an externally pressurized multirecess hydrostatic/hybrid flexible journal bearing system by varying the geometric shape of recess and using the membrane flow valve restrictor as a compensating element. The four different recess geometries of the bearing studied in the present study are a square recessed bearing, a circular recessed bearing, an elliptical recessed bearing and a triangular recessed bearing. The equation governing the flow of lubricant in a journal bearing together with 3D elasticity equation and restrictor flow equation are solved by using the Finite Element Method. The study describes the effect of recess shape, bearing flexibility and a method of compensation on the performance characteristics of a hydrostatic/hybrid journal bearing system. A comparative performance of the membrane compensated hydrostatic/hybrid journal bearing system has also been studied vis-à-vis capillary, orifice and constant flow valve restrictors. The results presented in this study amply demonstrate that the shape of recess/pocket of a hydrostatic/hybrid flexible journal bearing system affects the performance of the bearing quite appreciably and a proper selection of recess shape along with a suitable compensating device is needed to get an improved performance from the bearing.     

Stability of multilobe hybrid bearing with short sills—part II

A small amplitude perturbation analysis has been carried out to determine the rotordynamic characteristics of multilobe hybrid bearings with short axial and circumferential sills. Unsteady state recess flow continuity equation has been written for orifice compensated bearing in terms of dynamic recess pressures by perturbing steady state flow equation. Dynamic recess pressures are evaluated by solving unsteady recess flow continuity equations to determine the dynamic load capacity of the bearing. Stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearing are determined from the dynamic load capacity of the bearing. Results of dynamic characteristics of three lobe and four lobe hybrid bearings are presented for various offset factors, speed, concentric pressure and eccentricity ratios. Multilobe hybrid bearings with offset factors more than one are found to exhibit better dynamic behaviour than circular hybrid bearings.     

基于匀压和阻尼的空气静压轴承静态特性研究*

针对常规空气静压轴承设计时存在的承载能力、刚度与气动锤之间的矛盾,提出一种基于虚拟均压和被动阻尼设计方法。采用该方法设计一种含环布均压槽和阵列阻尼孔的矩形平面空气静压止推轴承,并研究其静态特性。研究结果表明：与常规空气静压轴承结构相比,设计的空气静压止推轴承在供气压力0.5 MPa下的最高承载力提高了43.4%,最高刚度提高了51.3%;减小阻尼孔数量、减小节流孔径、提高供气压力和增设均压槽可获得最佳刚度特性;增加阻尼孔数量、减小节流孔径、提高供气压力和增设均压槽可获得最佳静态特性和动态稳定特性的综合性能。     

小孔节流深浅腔动静压轴承承载特性解析研究

小孔节流深浅腔动静压轴承是一种采用小孔节流器实现节流作用及浅腔实现二次节流作用的动静压混合轴承。针对现有理论不能解析研究油腔结构参数及工作参数对承载特性影响规律的不足,以及计算流体力学数值仿真软件计算时周期长,而不便于工程设计人员应用的缺点,基于油腔压强分段线性化的思想,建立分析小孔节流深浅腔动静压轴承的油腔压强、承载能力、静刚度、进油流量及温升等承载特性的解析方法。进而以该方法研究动静压轴承的供油压强、主轴转速、进油孔径、浅腔深度、初始油膜厚度等参数对轴承承载特性的影响规律。研究发现,在其他结构参数及工作参数一定的条件下,浅腔深度为初始油膜厚度的2～3倍时,轴承刚度接近最大、温升接近最低。通过油腔压强的解析值与试验值的比较,证实了该方法的有效性和研究结果的正确性。     

伴随孔对小孔节流气体静压轴承内部气旋现象的抑制

气浮轴承的微振动现象严重制约轴承工作精度的提高,而轴承压力腔内部的气旋现象是轴承存在微振动的主要原因。为抑制气旋现象,提出一种带伴随孔的复合节流静压止推轴承,采用数值模拟的方法研究伴随孔的直径和位置对气旋的抑制作用以及对轴承静态性能的影响。结果表明：采用主进气孔与增加伴随孔的复合节流方式会使承载力和出口流量小幅下降,但带伴随孔的复合节流静压止推轴承对压力腔内的气旋现象有明显的抑制作用;其他条件不变,随伴随孔直径及伴随孔与主进气孔轴线间距的增大,承载力与出口流量总体呈现先下降再上升的趋势;随伴随孔直径的增大,轴承压力腔内气旋受到的抑制效果先增强后减弱,随着小孔与主孔距离的增大,对气体旋的抑制作用不断减弱。     

毛细管混压轴承节流参数与承载力性能研究

对以毛细管节流器为进油方式的混压轴承的静态特性进行探讨,利用有限差分法求解雷诺方程。静态分析中,比较了不同的油腔深度、节流面尺寸及偏位角对节流器参数和承载力关系的影响,并讨论了所得结果在轴承设计上的应用。     

Performance of an externally pressurized rectangular gas bearing under constant effective recess pressure

The present study predicts the performance of an externally pressurized rectangular recessed gas bearing under different operating conditions. The analysis makes use of simplifying assumptions and an empirical formula which relates the recess pressure to the bearing supply pressure. A comparison between the theoretical results obtained and available experimental data shows qualitative agreement. There are some deviations in pressure distribution and load-carrying capacity especially at greater film thickness and supply pressures. The reasons for these deviations are discussed.     

Effect of recess geometry on shock wave formation in circular gas bearings

An analytical method, based on the concept of shock wave formation in the bearing clearance, is used to develop a mathematical model by which the pressure distribution along the fluid film can be predicted. Based on this model, the limiting conditions for shock free operation are determined. The effects of recess geometry and inlet gas conditions are analysed. Experimental pressure distributions along the fluid film at different values of film thickness, supply pressure and rotating speed compare well with the theory. The analysis reveals that a bearing with a tapered recess has a higher resistance to shock wave formation than a conventional bearing having the same recess volume. Moreover, the tapered recess bearing has superior stability to the conventional bearing for the same recess depth.