碳/碳复合材料抗氧化涂层专利技术现状分析

对国内碳/碳复合材料抗氧化涂层的相关专利技术进行梳理,并对申请量变化趋势、申请人排名、申请人类型,以及相关重点专利技术进行了分析。     

碳纤维增强碳复合材料高温抗氧化硅基陶瓷涂层的研究进展(英文)

碳纤维增强碳(carbon fiber reinforced carbon,C/C)复合材料抗氧化问题一直是国际材料界研究的热点。硅基陶瓷作为C/C复合材料抗氧化涂层,是目前研究最深入的涂层体系。综述了国内外近几年C/C复合材料高温抗氧化硅基陶瓷涂层的研究进展,总结了C/C复合材料高温抗氧化硅基陶瓷涂层的制备工艺和对已有工艺的改进方法,分析了硅基陶瓷涂层在高温空气中、燃烧环境中的氧化失效机理。结合硅基非氧化物陶瓷(SiC,Si3N4等)环境障碍涂层的发展,展望了C/C复合材料在复杂环境中抗氧化涂层的研究方向。     

MAX相中Ti-Al-C体系层状陶瓷涂层研究进展

Ti-Al-C体系层状复合陶瓷是MAX层状陶瓷中密度较小、抗氧化性能优良的一类,其作为涂层材料具有重要的应用价值与广阔的发展前景。本文介绍了Ti-Al-C体系层状复合陶瓷的概况,综述了其涂层制备技术及存在的困难;着重阐述了Ti-Al-C体系层状复合陶瓷涂层的抗氧化、耐磨损性能及强化方法,并对该体系层状复合陶瓷涂层的研究与发展进行了展望。     

镁碳质耐火材料的抗氧化研究进展

介绍了镁碳质耐火材料的氧化机制,综合分析了近10年来镁碳质耐火材料抗氧化的研究成果,主要包括:材料表面涂釉技术、抗氧化剂直接添加技术、炭素原料涂层处理技术和复合粉体技术,并对今后镁碳质耐火材料抗氧化技术的研究发展方向提出了见解。     

碳/碳复合材料表面MoSi2-SiC复相陶瓷涂层及其抗氧化机制

对MoSi2-SiC复相陶瓷涂层的显微形貌、相组成及成分进行了观察与分析,考察并研究了有涂层的碳／碳复合材料在1650℃以下温度的等温氧化性能,以及涂层的结构与组成对抗氧化性能的影响,阐明了涂层的抗氧化过程及机理,并进一步提出了合理的涂层结构。结果表明,碳／碳复合材料表面MoSi2-SiC复相陶瓷涂层的抗氧化性能取决于氧在涂层中的扩散过程。     

烧结助剂对ZrSiO4-Mullite复合涂层组织结构及抗氧化性能的影响

采用包埋法和预涂-烧结法相结合的组合工艺在C/C复合材料表面制备出ZrSiO4-Mullite复合涂层,借助XRD、SEM、体式显微镜对涂层组织结构进行了表征,研究了(MgO CeO2)、(Si SiO2)和(Mullite SiO2)三种烧结助剂对复合涂层组织结构和抗氧化性能的影响,揭示了涂层C/C试样的氧化失重原因。结果表明:ZrSiO4-Mullite复合涂层具有双层结构,内层由β-SiC相和α-SiC相组成,外层主要由Mullite相和ZrSiO4相构成。分别采用(MgO CeO2)、(Si SiO2)和(Mullite SiO2)烧结助剂制得的ZrSiO4-Mullite涂层的开裂倾向依次减弱,抗氧化性能依次增强。涂层裂纹的存在是造成ZrSiO4-Mullite涂层C/C试样氧化失重的主要原因。     

碳系电磁屏蔽涂料研究现状及应用前景

主要介绍了我国电磁屏蔽涂料的分类、相关行业标准以及对电磁屏蔽涂料的性能要求。归纳总结近年来有关不同碳系导电材料在电磁屏蔽涂料领域的研究进展,重点阐述不同结构碳系导电材料以及与其他导电材料进行复合等形式对提高涂层电磁波屏蔽性能的影响。     

碳/碳复合材料表面SiC/c-AlPO_4复合涂层及其抗氧化机制

采用二次包埋法和水热电泳沉积法相结合的工艺在碳纤维增强碳复合材料表面制得SiC/方石英型磷酸铝(cristobalite aluminum phosphate,c-AlPO4)复合涂层。借助X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对复合涂层的晶相组成和显微结构进行了表征。研究了复合涂层的高温氧化性能,讨论了复合涂层氧化、失效的机理。结果表明:复合涂层具有双层结构,包埋的SiC内层主要由α-SiC,β-SiC和少量的游离硅组成,外层由c-AlPO4颗粒构成,内外层结合紧密。复合涂层在1300～1500℃范围内具有良好的抗氧化性能,其氧化激活能为117.2kJ/mol,氧化过程主要受氧在c-AlPO4层中的体扩散速率所控制;氧化气体逸出留下的孔洞是复合涂层防氧化失效的主要原因。     

碳石墨材料高温氧化防护的研究

用硅化物、硼化物、碳化物、锆粉以及镍粉等做涂层,碳石墨材料在1400℃下200h不被氧化,在1450℃下50h不被氧化。阐述了硅化物、硼化物、碳化物、锆粉以及镍粉等做涂层(简称SBZN涂层)防护碳石墨材料被氧化的机理,研究了SBZN涂层的结构,成分分布对碳石墨材料防护情况的影响,从理论和实践在解决碳石墨材料的高温抗氧化上有了突破。     

炭材料的高温抗氧化性研究进展

介绍了炭材料的氧化过程,综述了国内外目前提高炭材料抗氧化性能的两个主要途径;基体改性技术和涂层技术。重点阐述了抗氧化涂层的基本要求,涂层的制备方法以及各涂层体系,提出了对于炭材料高温抗氧化性研究方面的一些认识,阐明了其发展前景。     

Etherification of C5- and C8-Alkenes with C1- to C4-Alcohols

Etherification of two alkenes, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, was studied with seven different C₁- to C₄-alcohols. Although etherification was of primary interest, the isomerisation of the alkenes was the main reaction to occur. For the primary alcohols the etherification and isomerisation rates correlated well with the properties of the alcohols. Both rates increased with decreasing polarity and with increasing carbon number, acidity and Mulliken charge of the oxygen atom of the alcohol. It is difficult to distinguish the effect of each property separately, and probably the differences in the reactivities are not due to any one property alone but rather the synergy of the properties affects the reactivities. The secondary alcohols behaved in a different way than the primary ones: the etherification was almost negligible. The effect of alcohol on the isomerisation of alkenes was notable even though alcohol does not directly react in the reaction, which was concluded to be due to the stronger adsorption of the more polar alcohols which hinders the reactions of other components.     

Hydrogenation of C=C and C=O groups on ruthenium-tin catalysts

The effect of addition of tin on the catalytic activity of Ru/C catalysts has been investigated in the liquid phase hydrogenation of -methylstyrene and hydrocinnamaldehyde. On increasing the Sn content, the amount of CO chemisorbed decreases, indicating a decrease in the number of Ru surface atoms. In the hydrogenation of -methylstyrene the specific activity of Ru (calculated per Ru surface atom) remains constant regardless of the Sn/Ru ratio. An increase of specific activity is however observed in the hydrogenation of hydrocinnamaldehyde. It is suggested that tin, present mainly as Sn ions, enhances the reactivity of the C=O group.     

Phosphorus-Containing Surfactants - Sodium Alkylphosphinates with Alkyl Chain C10, C12, C14 and C16

A group of not well known anionic phosphorus-containing surfactants have been obtained. In these surfactants the hydrophobic chain is directly linked to the phosphorus atom through a P-C bond. These products are alkylphosphinates with C10, C12, C14 and C16 alkylic chains. The products have been prepared by direct reaction between sodium hydrophosphite and the corresponding α-olefin, using tert-butyl perbenzoate as reaction initiator. Surfactants properties such as surface tension, foaming power and wetting power of the sodium and ammonium salts of all these alkylphosphinates have been measured.     

XJF-200C/150C/120C三复合挤出生产线的调试

本文介绍了北京首创轮胎公司新建工厂三复合冷喂料挤出生产线的调试情况,对三复合冷喂料挤出机基本结构、工艺特点做了概述,并且通过生产线出型胎面调试过程中遇到的问题,采取相应措施进行解决做了详细说明,通过近两年来的运行情况,总结出本生产线的使用优势。     

Electrical properties of C/C and C/C-SiC ceramic fibre composites

The electrical properties of carbon/carbon (C/C) and carbon/carbon-silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) ceramic composites were measured. The results show that the capacitance decreases rapidly with an increase in frequency and it becomes constant above a frequency of 500 kHz, whereas the dissipation factor increases with increasing frequency. C/C-SiC composites give higher value than C/C composites due to the presence of microcracks.     

Pt/C,Pd/C,Pd-Bi/C催化剂的应用研究

采用浸渍法制备 Pt/C,Pd/C和 Pd- Bi/C催化剂。将三种催化剂对葡萄糖的脱氢和加氧氧化两种反应的催化效果作对比研究 ,发现三种催化剂对这两个反应有着完全相反的催化顺序 :催化脱氢时 Pt/C效率最高 ,而加氧反应中 Pd- Bi/C却具有绝对优势。为解释此结果 ,结合催化剂的表征 [2 ] ,尝试提出了催化加氧和脱氢的机理 ,并确定了 Pd- Bi/C催化剂中的最佳 Bi/Pd比和两种催化反应的最佳工艺条件。实验结论 :Pt/C用于葡萄糖催化脱氢为可行的工业化途径 ,而 Pd- Bi/C对葡萄糖的催化加氧则具有挑战酶催化过程的能力 ,有一定的市场应用前景     

炭/炭复合材料航空电刷的制备

分别用厚度为2cm的炭毡和1k炭布(2D)叠层加纵向穿刺作预制体,用软化点为140℃的中温沥青作浸渍剂,经过160℃、0.3MPa浸渍、900℃碳化、2100℃石墨化和460℃、20MPa超高压致密化等工艺的循环处理,制备了纤维体积分数为45%,体积密度为1.85～1.73g·cm-3的炭/炭复合材料航空电刷。其电学性能与优质石墨电刷相当;力学性能和摩擦性能远优于优质石墨电刷,且炭毡作预制体更优于炭布作预制体。     

Interfacial shear strength of C/C composites

Fiber-bundle push-out, single-fiber push-in, and single-fiber push-out tests were conducted in order to examine the applicability of these methods for determining the interfacial shear strength of carbon-carbon composites. The fiber-bundle push-out test resulted mostly in fractures along the fiber/matrix interface but created a small amount of fractures in the matrix. Hence, the evaluated strength was regarded as an approximate value. In order to precisely evaluate the interfacial strength, push-in and push-out tests for a single fiber were performed using a micro-Vickers indentation tester. In these tests, the load has to be placed within a target fiber, and the indentation should not extend to the matrix. This condition restricted the load that could be applied to a carbon fiber. Within this limit, a single carbon fiber could not be pushed-in. For the sake of load reduction, single-fiber push-out tests were conducted using thin specimens. The thickness appropriate for a single-fiber push-out specimen was estimated based on the interfacial shear strength obtained by the bundle push-out tests. Below this thickness, single-fiber push-out tests could be successfully performed.     

高性能C/C复合材料制备工艺研究

对制备C/C复合材料的化学气相渗透工艺进行了系统的实验研究,着重分析了热解碳的沉积过程。研究表明,在化学气相渗透的初始阶段,热解碳主要在碳纤维表面沉积,并与碳纤维之间形成了界面结合;随后,热解碳的沉积继续填充碳纤维预制体内部的气孔。这一过程有助于缓解纤维与陶瓷基体之间的界面应力。研究表明,通过调节热解碳的沉积时间可以得到具有一定密度梯度的C/C复合材料。     

C／C镜筒复合材料的性能研究

镜筒是高分辨率光学望远镜中的重要零件,其选材和加工质量的好坏及刚度直接决定着最终产品的性能。本试验研究了所研制C／C镜筒复合材料的力学、热学性能,分析了体积密度、炭纤维角度变化以及最终工艺状态对c／c复合材料热膨胀系数的影响。研制的C／C复合材料试验件环向拉伸强度≥160MPa,-40E～60℃线膨胀系数仅为-0．09×10^-6 ／K,在满足各项性能指标要求的基础上,成功通过正弦、脉冲振动、动力冲击、真空出气性、光反射等一系列试验考核。