多联产能源系统工程研究方法论框架探讨

结合系统工程思想对多联产的系统工程概念进行了剖析,总结了多联产系统设计和实施过程的关键问题,并对其进行宏观、中观和微观等多尺度下的逻辑分解。据此,提出了多联产能源系统工程研究的基本内容和方法论。     

岩石爆破损伤宏微观特性的研究现状与存在的问题

从宏观和微观两个方面分析了岩石爆破损伤的研究现状,同时分析了岩体初始损伤对爆破作用影响的研究现状.分析了岩石爆破损伤方面还需要进一步解决的问题.     

过程系统工程面临的挑战和发展趋势

分析了21世纪过程工业的发展趋势及面临的挑战;指出了过程系统工程的研究对象正在由传统的中观向微观和宏观两个方向延伸,小到以分子模拟为手段的产品设计,大到供应链管理的优化和生态系统,均已成为研究的热点;提出了绿色过程系统工程、动态过程和批处理过程系统工程必将成为21世纪初的新增长点,系统集成是当前最受到重视的领域之一。     

计算机模拟在水泥水化及微观结构演化研究的应用进展

水泥水化是十分复杂的物理与化学反应过程,这一过程直接决定了硬化水泥浆体的微观结构和宏观性能。传统的实验方法普遍存在耗时费力、成本高等不足。利用计算机模拟来阐明水泥水化和微结构演变机制已成为当前的研究热点。首先介绍了水泥水化模型的发展演变过程,并对比分析了不同模型的优缺点。然后,结合水泥水化模拟的最新研究进展,着重介绍了非球形水泥颗粒的水化模型、水化硅酸钙凝胶纳米尺度的研究现状。最后,基于相关模型的应用情况,探讨了矿物掺合料对水泥浆体水化过程和微观结构的影响,并对水泥基材料的宏观性能(如介质传输、氯离子扩散和微裂纹扩展)进行了预测。     

基于多元回归的岩体微观力学性质表征方法

岩石的脆性特征是影响与控制压裂裂缝演化机制与缝网形成的重要参数,现有脆性表征方法均是对岩石整体的脆性进行描述,并未深入分析岩石的微观力学特征对岩石破裂的影响,对指导压裂裂缝走向与改造储层体积方面还缺乏可靠性描述。研究发现岩石的宏观脆性破裂是岩体在受外界载荷的作用下其内部微观裂缝不断萌生、扩展的过程,宏观破裂是微观破裂达到一定程度后引发的表象,微观破裂是造成宏观破裂的根本原因。对岩石微观力学性质研究可揭示其破裂行为的内在本质。文章通过矿物分析衍射仪测定岩心内各矿物成分含量,根据多元线性回归方法分析了岩石在不同矿物分布、含量下,其力学性质变化规律,建立了一种岩石微观力学参数表征方法,为研究岩石破裂规律提供了一条新的途径。     

磨细矿物掺合料在水泥基材料中的应用机理

分析了矿物掺合料的应用机理和现状。在此基础上提出矿物掺合料的磨细原理,分析磨细粉煤灰和矿渣对混凝土微观结构和宏观项目的影响,探讨磨细矿物掺合料在水泥基材料中的应用机理。     

燃烧源可吸入颗粒物声波团聚研究进展与展望

燃烧过程是大气可吸入颗粒物PM10的重要来源,控制燃烧源PM10排放已引起广泛关注,目前技术发展的主要途径是设置预处理阶段使细颗粒凝并成较大颗粒后用常规除尘设备脱除,外加声场可使PM10团聚长大;从声波团聚的宏观效果及微观机理试验2个方面对可吸入颗粒物声波团聚研究现状进行了述评,分析了声波团聚存在的主要问题及其今后需继续进行的研究方向,并介绍了作者的初步研究结果。     

电致形状记忆复合材料研究进展

从宏观与微观两个角度对电致形状记忆复合材料的形状记忆过程及机理进行阐述,详述了基于不同导电填料如纳米颗粒、连续纤维、短切纤维以及复合填料的电致形状记忆复合材料研究现状及其物理共混、原位聚合、冷冻干燥等制备方法.从均匀的导体单元、导体与基体之间的接口黏结以及导电网络结构等3个方面分析了电致形状记忆复合材料的导电机理并从微...     

浅谈牛顿力学到分子筛

分子筛作为一种具有纳米级尺寸窗口、孔道和孔笼的新型材料倍受国内外学者的喜爱研究,然而在理论研究基础中,最微观的物质都可以从力学方面谈起。本文从牛顿力学入手到微观方面的热学研究到系综的研究接着引到分子动力学研究再着力于分子筛的研究并分析分子筛在实际生活中的应用。同时,巧妙的连接了宏观与微观之间转换,体现了物理理论研究的魅力。     

混合时间测定方法剖析与过程模拟

用湍流理论和微观混合理论对碘液退色测混合时间方法进行分析，建立了退色过程中宏观混合与微观混合的数学模型，并给出了一种桨叶的模型参数。计算表明，宏观混合时间与整个过程的混合时间的比例，随单位体积功耗的增大而增大。     

化工类学生化工设计能力评价体系的建立

化工设计能力是化工类学生大学阶段综合能力的一种体现,考查学生化工设计能力,建立化工设计能力评价体系是必要的。评价体系包括化工原理等化工基础课程的掌握程度、国家和相关行业法规和设计规范熟练程度、物料衡算和热量衡算能力、化工软件熟练操作水平和化工设计课题实施能力;并通过布置化工设计方面的作业,让学生独立完成一项简单的化工设计,让学生了解化工设计的步骤、化工设计内容以及完成一项设计所需要的知识。基于化工设计课程考核,提出了试卷考试、学生课堂报告、设计实践和答辩等考核方式。     

PROCESS CONTROL PERSPECTIVE FOR PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY: INTEGRATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE INTO SEMICONDUCTOR AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity for chemical engineers to play significant roles in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, the authors provide their perspectives on (1) the need for chemical engineering principles in pharmaceutical development for a thorough process understanding; (2) applications of chemical engineering principles to meet the challenges from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries; and (3) the integration of chemical engineering practice into the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries to achieve process understanding and the desired state of quality-by-design. A real-world case study from the semiconductor industry is presented to demonstrate how a classic chemical engineering concept, mixing homogeneity, can be implemented by inducing forced flow to ensure an excellent copper electrochemical plating process performance and to improve product quality substantially. Further, a case study of brake system design is discussed with the concept of Dr. Taguchi's robust engineering design to illustrate how quality-by-design can be achieved through appropriate experimental design, in conjunction with the discussion on the concept of quality-by-design in pharmaceuticals. Third, a case study of freeze-dried sodium ethacrynate is presented to demonstrate the vital importance of controlling the processing factors to achieve the desired product stability. Finally, the problems of the current pharmaceutical manufacturing mode, the opportunities and engineering challenges during implementation of PAT in the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of chemical engineering in implementation of PAT is discussed in detail.     

聚焦结构、界面与多尺度问题,开辟化学工程的新里程

20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机技术和测量仪器的迅速发展,化学工程的研究水平日益提升,由经验规则的判断逐渐提高到计算机模拟量化分析. 化学工程的研究范围也日益扩大,下至纳微尺度结构与界面的观察与量化,上至宏观尺度设备与工厂的系统集成. 化学工程的服务对象也由化学工业扩展到冶金、材料、能源、环境、生物等诸多进行物质转化的过程工业. 目前化工科技界正在呼吁寻求继第一里程单元操作、第二里程传递过程和化学反应工程之后的第三里程. 化学工程中以往惯用的忽视非均匀多尺度结构和界面存在的平均方法是造成预测偏差和调控、放大困难的主要原因. 必须关注结构、界面和多尺度问题,研究多尺度结构、界面的量化预测理论和优化调控方法,建立多尺度结构、界面与"三传一反"的关系模型,与当代先进的计算方法、计算流体力学和计算机模拟相结合,有望解决化工过程与设备的优化调控与放大的难题,成为化学工程发展的新里程.     

化学产品工程的理论和技术

随着市场竞争的加剧，以产品需求为导向开发满足最终使用性能的化学品成为化学工程研究发展的一个重要趋势。本文介绍了化学产品工程概念的产生和发展，论述了分子产品工程、配方产品工程、柔性制造过程等化学产品工程各个子领域的关键技术、应用和研究进展。     

PROCESS CONTROL PERSPECTIVE FOR PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY: INTEGRATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE INTO SEMICONDUCTOR AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity for chemical engineers to play significant roles in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, the authors provide their perspectives on (1) the need for chemical engineering principles in pharmaceutical development for a thorough process understanding; (2) applications of chemical engineering principles to meet the challenges from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries; and (3) the integration of chemical engineering practice into the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries to achieve process understanding and the desired state of quality-by-design. A real-world case study from the semiconductor industry is presented to demonstrate how a classic chemical engineering concept, mixing homogeneity, can be implemented by inducing forced flow to ensure an excellent copper electrochemical plating process performance and to improve product quality substantially. Further, a case study of brake system design is discussed with the concept of Dr. Taguchi's robust engineering design to illustrate how quality-by-design can be achieved through appropriate experimental design, in conjunction with the discussion on the concept of quality-by-design in pharmaceuticals. Third, a case study of freeze-dried sodium ethacrynate is presented to demonstrate the vital importance of controlling the processing factors to achieve the desired product stability. Finally, the problems of the current pharmaceutical manufacturing mode, the opportunities and engineering challenges during implementation of PAT in the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of chemical engineering in implementation of PAT is discussed in detail.     

Positioning “chemical product design” in the chemical engineering curricula in India

Chemical product design is concerned with the design of specialty products such as formulated products, specialty chemicals, etc. Chemical product design is becoming increasingly relevant to chemical engineers as chemical process industries (CPIs) are shifting away from the traditional commodity products to specialty products. In this article, the nature of the specialty product industry is discussed in detail. It is felt that this vital area is under-represented in Indian chemical engineering curricula and this has to be remedied immediately so that fresh chemical engineering graduates are able to adapt to the changing scenario. The teaching of chemical product design in other Universities abroad is considered and a discussion on our own experience at VIT University is provided.     

Multi-dimensional design process management by extended product modeling for concurrent process engineering

Conventional product and process models have focused on static features. That means product models are mainly based on structural decomposition of products, and process models are also often described by activity decomposition such as work breakdown structure. From the view of design process management, it is difficult to describe dynamic features of design processes appropriately through conventional methodologies. In this paper, a multidimensional approach for design process management was explored to manifest characteristics of design processes for chemical plant design. Parallelized design process for concurrent process engineering should be managed by twodimensional design activity flows. The process management makes it possible to guide progress of design processes in a helix structure by horizontal and vertical activity control simultaneously. They stand for teleological and causal relation between design activities, respectively. That can be achieved based on an extended product model, which represents various design perspectives explicitly from a conventional design activity model. The extended product model is composed of product data, design activities, and activity drivers. Dynamic features of the extended product model are expressed by an activity chain model. These concepts will support the realization of concurrent process engineering for chemical plant design in the sense that they provide design process management strategies.     

化学产品工程再认识

化学产品工程作为化学工程学科的一个新方向或化学工程学科的新范式已提出很多年,但学术界对其学科内涵理解不一。本文对化学产品工程的学科内涵进行了分析和探讨,认为其核心是通过过程和设备对产品的纳微结构和复杂大分子结构进行调控;化学产品工程仍隶属过程工程,是面向高附加值产品、实现产品结构可控、定向、高效制备的过程工程。通过与传统的以满足市场需求和提高生产效率为目标的过程开发和放大的化学工程研究类比,提出了化学产品工程的主要研究内容,并讨论了其研究的方法论问题,以推动相关的基础研究工作。     

绿色化工是实现化工行业可持续发展的必然趋势

绿色化工就是用先进的化工技术和方法来减少或消除那些对人类健康，社区安全，生态环境有害的各种特质的一种技术手段。它是人类和化工行业可发展的客观要求，是控制化工污染的最有效手段。是化工行业可持续发展的必然选择。为此开展绿色化工的技术途径与思路应该是：采用分子设计技术和产品生命周期全过程绿色化控制的策略来设计化工新产品，改革传统化工产品体系，利用可再生效涛生物化工方法寻求无污染的新产品或替代品，从源头上控制化工污染的发生。同时还应该开展绿色化工的教育、宣传、信息交流和人才培养工作，对新建项目进行全过程环境影响评价，鼓励化工企业推进绿色化生产。     

Teaching chemical product design

The chemical industry today includes both commodity products and higher value-added products. While the design of commodities is dominated by the process costs, higher value-added products also depend on product design, including discovery, product selection, and time-to-market. Chemical engineering education has sensibly begun to change toward courses on both process and product design. However, while there is an emerging consensus that these changes should take place, there is no clear agreement on what the changes should be. Moreover, these new directions are very difficult to teach, at least in the current environment. This paper will discuss different efforts to incorporate product design into the chemical engineering curriculum and different successes in doing so. However, while the value of including this material seems unquestioned, the way in which it is best taught is unclear.