高风地区超高钢结构黏滞阻尼多性能减振设计

对超高层结构的抗风性能要求很难单独通过调整结构构件尺寸来满足,所以耗能减振技术应运而生。耗能减振技术为建筑抗风设计开辟了新的途径,并以传统抗风设计无可比拟的优点,受到了各国学者和工程人员的青睐和重视,得到了越来越多的研究。黏滞阻尼器作为一种速度相关的耗能减振设备,具有出力平稳、在微小位移下仍能发挥作用的优点,因此黏滞阻尼器在风荷载下能够正常发挥作用。反向肘节放大系统是一种阻尼器位移放大的机械系统,它可以将阻尼器的作用放大到2～4倍,在减振效果相同时可以将阻尼器数减少几乎一半。在此基础上,以某超高层项目作为工程案例介绍了该项目黏滞阻尼系统的具体设计,并对有控结构和无控结构在风荷载下的性能进行了对比,结果表明,黏滞阻尼系统显著提高了结构的抗风性能。     

某超高层建筑结构风致混合减振控制研究

为改善某高度为450 m的超高层建筑结构的风振舒适性,基于线性滤波法模拟研究了该结构顺风向和横风向脉动风荷载时程,采用非线性黏滞阻尼器和调频质量阻尼器相结合的混合减振技术对其开展了风致振动控制研究。结果表明,线性滤波法能够用于模拟超高层结构的脉动风荷载时程,模拟功率谱函数与目标功率谱具有良好的吻合性;混合减振技术不仅有效降低了该超高层建筑结构的风致振动反应,大量耗散风振输入能量,改善结构风振舒适度,而且充分利用结构自身资源设计了调频质量阻尼减振装置,既节省空间,又在一定程度上提高了结构的经济性。     

基于黏滞阻尼器耗散功率的超高层结构风振设计方法北大核心CSCD

针对超高层建筑结构抗风设计中黏滞阻尼器参数设计问题,推导出黏滞阻尼器的功率计算表达式和功率需求表达式,并研究了黏滞阻尼器的层位移放大系数,给出了黏滞阻尼器控制超高层结构风振的功率设计方法。以两幢超高层结构为例,对黏滞阻尼器控制超高层结构风振的功率设计流程进行逐步实现,对设计方法的可行性和误差进行分析,结果表明,采用功率设计方法进行消能减振初步设计可达到预期减振目标。     

基于黏滞阻尼器耗散功率的超高层结构风振设计方法

针对超高层建筑结构抗风设计中黏滞阻尼器参数设计问题,推导出黏滞阻尼器的功率计算表达式和功率需求表达式,并研究了黏滞阻尼器的层位移放大系数,给出了黏滞阻尼器控制超高层结构风振的功率设计方法。以两幢超高层结构为例,对黏滞阻尼器控制超高层结构风振的功率设计流程进行逐步实现,对设计方法的可行性和误差进行分析,结果表明,采用功率设计方法进行消能减振初步设计可达到预期减振目标。     

液体黏滞阻尼器在超高层建筑抗风设计中的应用研究

超高层结构过大的顶点风振加速度会令人感到不适和恐慌,使用液体黏滞阻尼器可增加结构阻尼比,从而减小结构顶点风振加速度达到抗风减振的目的。对抗风振设计中液体黏滞阻尼器应用中的有关问题进行讨论,包括液体黏滞阻尼器不同布置方式的减振率对比,阻尼器非线性模型的计算模拟方法,液体黏滞阻尼器的型号选取、安装、维护等。同时通过工程案例,说明合理布置液体黏滞阻尼器可以有效地减小超高层结构顶点风振加速度,提高其风振舒适度。     

液体黏滞阻尼器在超高层结构上的抗风效果分析

在地震和大风环境下,加设液体黏滞阻尼器是高层和超高层建筑最有效的结构振动保护措施。深入分析了4个国内外已经建成和将要建造的安置液体黏滞阻尼器的以抗风为主的超高层建筑,并对液体黏滞阻尼器的减振效果和安置方式做了评述。对我国首次使用液体黏滞阻尼器的北京银泰中心和首次使用套索支撑阻尼器的天津国际贸易中心的计算分析、抗风设计做了阶段性的经验总结,最后简单介绍了以抗风为主的液体黏滞阻尼器所需具备的特殊要求。     

基于黏滞阻尼墙的高层建筑结构集成优化设计

黏滞阻尼墙是一种效率高的新型建筑结构消能减振部件,对于地震响应和风振动响应均有较好的减振效果,其为结构提供附加阻尼比可降低结构构件内力,从而为结构的构件设计提供了优化空间。提出一种基于黏滞阻尼墙的高层建筑结构集成优化设计方法,依据高层建筑结构构件的抗震性能目标及构件尺寸控制条件,加入黏滞阻尼墙对结构构件进行优化。以某300 m带环带桁架的框架核心筒超高层建筑为例,优化布置黏滞阻尼墙并且进行结构构件优化设计。结果表明,黏滞阻尼墙对高层建筑结构集成的优化可为结构主体带来经济性。     

简谐激励下非线性黏滞阻尼调频质量阻尼器减振结构的稳态响应分析

对非线性黏滞阻尼在调频质量阻尼器(TMD)中的应用进行了研究。基于慢变参数法推导简谐激励下采用非线性黏滞阻尼调频质量阻尼器减振结构位移的稳态响应解析解,进而研究其优化参数求解公式。以主结构位移动力放大系数为目标,对线性和非线性黏滞阻尼TMD的减振效果进行了对比分析,结果表明:非线性黏滞阻尼TMD的减振效果要优于线性的,其最优阻尼比受到激励幅值的影响。     

带有液体粘滞阻尼器的超高层建筑抗风设计及风振响应分析

超高层建筑遮挡物较少,在风荷载作用下,结构顶部强烈的风振加速度会引起人的不适。通过在超高层结构合理布置液体粘滞阻尼器增加结构阻尼比,从而有效控制结构风振响应,达到减振目的。以珠海某超高层工程实例为背景,采用风洞试验计算脉动风荷载时程,在最不利风向角风荷载时程作用下,对比分析了阻尼器不同楼层布置位置、不同平面布置位置、不同阻尼弹簧刚度及不同阻尼参数下的减振效果,选出最合理阻尼器布置方式,结构顶层风振加速度得到有效控制,减振效果明显。     

集成黏滞阻尼伸臂减震装置超高层建筑结构续建改造设计

为了在超高层建筑结构续建改造设计中减少已建结构的改造工程量,通过附加黏滞阻尼装置有效提高高层建筑在地震作用下的结构耗能,从而降低结构的内力和变形响应。研究了黏滞阻尼伸臂的变形放大原理,介绍了黏滞阻尼伸臂的最优布置方法,并提出了续建改造多状态矩阵,分析了续建改造项目典型驱动因素,总结了集成黏滞阻尼伸臂减震装置的超高层建筑结构续建改造设计策略,最后以工程实例验证该方法的有效性及准确性。结果表明：黏滞阻尼伸臂适用于以弯曲变形为主的超高层建筑结构,变形放大系数可近似为区格的跨度与高度之比,理论放大系数一般为2～3;采用基于阻尼耗能排序不变假定的黏滞阻尼伸臂设计方法,仅需对结构进行一次满布阻尼计算分析即可确定耗能排序及各附加阻尼方案;在以弯曲变形为主的框架核心筒结构中,阻尼伸臂布置在中、高区减震效果最好,距离该位置越远,耗能效果越差,相邻两道伸臂式阻尼提供的附加阻尼比相差约15%;在续建改造项目中布置黏滞阻尼减震系统,黏滞阻尼器提供的附加阻尼并非越大越好,存在使结构综合成本最低的集成减震设计方案;黏滞阻尼伸臂减震集成设计方法在提升结构抗震性能的同时有效降低了结构续建改造成本,具有实际工程价值。     

单重和多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器控制连体超高层建筑风振响应比较研究

连体超高层建筑因存在强烈的气动干扰,在强风下可能会出现大幅相对振动,调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI)是一种振动控制装置,其惯容器两端的相对加速度较大时,TMDI振动控制效果较好.结合两者各自的特点提出了多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器(MTMDI)控制连体超高层建筑的风振响应,两个TMDI分别控制两栋建筑各自的一阶自振频率.首先建...     

液体粘滞阻尼器及其在土木工程中的应用

随着科学技术的发展,液体粘滞阻尼器在工程抗震、桥梁抗风等土木工程领域中的应用越来越广泛.在收集了大量资料的基础上,从制造技术、新产品、新的安装工艺等几个方面,总结了液体粘滞阻尼器在近10多年内的新发展,并对粘滞阻尼器在我国土木工程界应用表现出的问题和前景进行了探讨.     

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation. Firstly, according to the random vibration theory, the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process, and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained. On the basis of the others’ works, a bi-model dynamic model is proposed. Finally, a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers, and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives. Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code. The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper, and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%.     

Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.     

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation. Firstly, according to the random vibration theory, the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process, and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained. On the basis of the others’ works, a bimodel dynamic model is proposed. Finally, a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers, and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives. Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code. The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper, and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%. __________ Translated from Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 37(6): 1018–1022 [译自: 东南大学学报(自然科学版)]     

考虑参数随机性的高层建筑风振舒适度的非线性黏滞阻尼器优化布设

以顶层加速度作为概率特征量,建立目标函数,分别采用基于随机等效线性化系统的频域方法和基于概率密度演化理论的非线性系统时域方法,进行了考虑结构参数随机性的高层建筑风振舒适度控制的黏滞阻尼器优化布设研究。结果表明：在总黏滞阻尼器系数相同的条件下,以顶层加速度标准差和失效概率为目标函数的黏滞阻尼器优化布设方案,在确定性激励作用下均能显著降低结构的风振响应,且相对于未优化的阻尼器均匀满布方案更经济、更有效。以加速度标准差为目标函数的传统阻尼器优化布设本质上是确定性分析方法,对结构可靠度的提高作用有限,而以加速度失效概率为目标函数的阻尼器优化布设,以结构响应的概率密度函数为优化对象,能显著地提高结构的可靠度,有利于改善高层建筑结构的风振舒适度性能。     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

A combined tuned damper and an optimal design method for wind‐induced vibration control for super tall buildings

The wind‐induced vibrations of super tall buildings become excessive due to strong wind loads, super building height and high flexibility. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) have been widely used to control vibrations for actual super tall buildings for decades. To fully use both the economic advantage of the TLCD system and the high efficiency of the TMD system, an innovative supplemental damping system including both TLCD and TMD and called combined tuned damper (CTD), which can substantially decrease the cost of the damper, was proposed to control the wind‐induced vibrations of tall buildings. The governing equations are generated for the motion of both the primary structure and the CTD and solved to anticipate the dynamic response of the CTD‐structure system. Moreover, an optimal design method of human comfort performance is proposed, in which the life cycle cost of the damper‐structure system is considered as the quantitative index of the performance. The life cycle cost includes the initial cost, the maintenance cost and the failure cost. The failure cost can be calculated using the vibration‐sensation rate model, which is based on the Japanese code AIJES‐V001‐2004. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国高度250 m以上超高层建筑结构现状与分析进展

我国250 m以上超高层建筑数量日益增加，超高层建筑由长三角、珠三角地区逐渐向全国其他区域扩展，其中环渤海地区以及部分二线城市中超高层建筑发展迅速。对不同高度的超高层建筑，其常用的结构体系为：框架-核心筒、框筒-核心筒、巨型框架-核心筒和巨型框架-核心筒-巨型支撑结构。分析表明：随着结构高度的增加，巨型框架和巨型支撑应用较多，混合结构在超高层建筑结构中广泛应用。通过实际工程造价分析，研究了建筑高度、抗震设防烈度、结构材料对超高层建筑工程造价的影响。分别从超高层建筑形态空气动力学优化和长周期响应方面，阐明了超高层建筑结构分析、设计中的关键问题。采用黏滞阻尼器可有效降低超高层建筑结构地震响应，对黏滞阻尼器在实际超高层建筑中的应用现状及发展前景进行了简要介绍。     

Correction of direction reduction factors of extreme wind speed considering the Ekman spiral in the wind load estimation of super high-rise buildings with heights of 400–800 m

The wind direction in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) twists with height due to the Coriolis force; this phenomenon is called the Ekman spiral. However, this phenomenon is generally not considered in the present wind load estimation of super high-rise buildings, which may lead to an incorrect estimation and affect the safety of structures. Therefore, this study considers and analyzes the influence of the Ekman spiral phenomenon in the wind direction reduction effect (WDRE) of the wind load of super high-rise buildings. First, this paper proposes an empirical fitting equation for the twisted wind direction angle for a height of 100–800 m according to the classical Ekman spiral theory model (CE model). Subsequently, on the basis of twisted wind, this paper proposes a method for the correction of the wind direction reduction factors (WDRFs) of strong winds considering the influence of the Ekman spiral phenomenon in the design wind load estimation of super high-rise buildings with heights of 400–800 m. A high-frequency balance force measurement test of a square-section super high-rise building model was performed to analyze the influence of the Ekman spiral phenomenon on the WDRE of the aerodynamic force and wind-induced response. Three Chinese cities (i.e., Beijing, Wuhan, and Kunming) are selected as case studies to illustrate the importance and necessity of the correction method. The results demonstrate that the proposed empirical fitting equation accurately determines the twisted wind direction angle at different latitudes and altitudes. Furthermore, estimating the design wind load while considering the WDRE and neglecting the influence of the Ekman spiral phenomenon may lead to a significant underestimation of the wind load of super high-rise buildings, rendering the designed building structure more dangerous.