Using hybrid modeling for life cycle assessment of motor bike and electric bike

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is environmental evaluation of products, materials, and processes over their life cycle. Truncation uncertainty and corresponding uncertainty are main problems occurred in process life cycle assessment (PLCA) modeling and economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling. Through combination of these two modelings in different life cycle stage and use of an uncertainty reduction strategy, a hybrid life cycle assessment modeling method was proposed in this study. Case studies were presented on gasoline-powered motorbikes (M-bike) and electricity-powered electric bike (E-bike). Web-based software was developed to analyze process environmental impacts. Results show that the largest part of life cycle energy (LCE) is consumed at use stage. Less energy is consumed in life cycle of E-bike than that of M-bike. GWP (Global Warming Potential), CO (Carbon Monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter) emission of M-bike are higher than that of E-bike, especially at use stage, AP (acidification Potential) emission of E-bike is higher than that of M-bike. Comprehensively, E-bike is energy efficient and less emitting, and better choice for urban private transportation.     

模块化思想的产品生命周期评价研究与应用

为把生命周期评价和模块化设计结合起来,为生命周期评价的发展提供新的思路.按照一定原则把待评价产品拆分至模块化,然后收集各模块生命周期内的材料、工艺数据,再选择适当评价方法评价单个模块,叠加模块评价产品,最后根据评价结果进行改进设计,与改进前产品进行比较评价,达到绿色设计的目的.生命周期评价中融入模块化思想,能达到评价目的,同时也丰富了自身理论体系.     

基于车辆循环工况并联混合动力汽车感应电机额定功率和效率的匹配

提出了基于车辆循环行驶工况并联混合动力汽车感应电机额定功率的匹配方法,在电机过载能力范围内根据每个循环工况电机的需求功率确定常用功率区域和额定功率。给出了基于工况匹配电机本体效率的计算方法。结合北京、伦敦循环工况,与解放牌混合动力客车的第二轮样车40kW电机进行对比仿真分析,结果表明,基于工况匹配的电机进一步提高了整车燃油经济性。     

Decision-making of biomass ethanol fuel policy based on life cycle 3E assessment

To evaluate the environmental, economic, energy performance of biomass ethanol fuel in China and tosupport the decision-making of biomass ethanol energy policy, an assessment method of life cycle 3E (economy, en vironment, energy) was applied to the three biomass ethanol fuel cycle alternatives, which includes cassava-based, corn-based and wheat-based ethanol fuel. The assessments provide a comparison of the economical performance, energy efficiency and environmental impacts of the three alternatives. And the development potential of the three alternatives in China was examined. The results are very useful for the Chinese government to make decisions on the biomass ethanol energy policy, and some advises for the decision-making of Chinese government were given.     

Decision-making of biomass ethanol fuel policy based on life cycle 3E assessment

To evaluate the environmental, economic, energy performance of biomass ethanol fuel in China and to support the decision-making of biomass ethanol energy policy, an assessment method of life cycle 3E (economy, environment, energy) was applied to the three biomass ethanol fuel cycle alternatives, which includes cassava-based, corn-based and wheat-based ethanol fuel. The assessments provide a comparison of the economical performance, energy efficiency and environmental impacts of the three alternatives. And the development potential of the three alternatives in China was examined. The results are very useful for the Chinese government to make decisions on the biomass ethanol energy policy, and some advises for the decision-making of Chinese government were given. Foundation item: Project (50175070) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (G-0205-06347) supported by European Commission Funding     

Characterization and normalization factors of abiotic resource depletion for life cycle impact assessment in China

The availability of resources for economic activities differs between regions, and the importance of the resources is consequently observed to be different within regions compared to a global scale. With the current situation in Chinese mining industry and its statistic characteristics, the characterization procedures of abiotic resource in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) have demonstrated certain limita-tions in the Chinese materials industry. The aim of this paper is to propose new characterization and normalization factors for abiotic resource depletion categories such as metals and non-renewable en- ergy resources in a Chinese context. The actual production of abiotic resources calculated by a modi- fied model is compared to the reserve base in line with the new national standard to determine char- acterization factors in equivalence units, with antimony as the reference mineral. The normalization factors are based on the total base reserves of the most important minerals in China. A case study on primary magnesium production using the Pidgeon process is used to compare LCIA results for abiotic resource categories that are between current LCIA factors and the new Chinese factors. These factors not only reflect the importance of abiotic resource with respect to region-specific resource depletion, but also can compare with the global factors.     

房屋使用年限的影响因素分析

影响房屋建筑的生命周期的因素很多,其中人为导致的质量问题占据主导地位。文章从房屋改造、设计、管理、检测等方分析影响使用周期的因素。     

Life cycle of remanufactured engines

The life cycle index of remanufactured engines was assessed by using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA). A remanufactured engine of a certain domestic brand was taken as researching object. Engine reproducing engineering was investigated from three aspects which were energy, material and environment. The application of LCA on remanufacturing engines was discussed in detail with a practical case. The results indicate that remanufackg CO2 , 6.09 kg CO, 1.01 kg NOx, 3. 985 kg SOx and 288. 725 kg solid waste. The remanufacturing of engines possesses great economic value and practicability.     

Life cycle of remanufactured engines

The life cycle index of remanufactured engines was assessed by using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA). A remanufactured engine of a certain domestic brand was taken as researching object. Engine reproducing engineering was investigated from three aspects which were energy, material and environment. The application of LCA on remanufacturing engines was discussed in detail with a practical case. The results indicate that remanufacturing an engine can save 55 kg steels, 8.3 kg aluminum and 113 kW · h electric powers and reduce emissions of 565 kg CO₂, 6.09 kg CO, 1.01 kg NO _x , 3.985 kg SO _x and 288.725 kg solid waste. The remanufacturing of engines possesses great economic value and practicability. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

基于ADVISOR二次开发的复杂混合动力汽车仿真系统

基于ADVIOSR软件,对混合动力汽车仿真系统进行二次开发,建立某特定布置形式的复杂混合动力汽车整车仿真模型和相关控制策略模型,并通过循环工况仿真分析汽车的燃油经济性和动力性。     

Novel flexible hybrid electric system and adaptive online-optimal energy management controller for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

In order to achieve the improvement of the driving comfort and energy efficiency, an new e-CVT flexible full hybrid electric system (E2FHS) is proposed, which uses an integrated main drive motor and generator to take the place of the original automatic or manual transmission to realize the functions of continuously variable transmission (e-CVT). The design and prototype realization of the E2FHS system for a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is performed. In order to analyze and optimize the parameters and the power flux between different parts of the E2FHS, simulation software is developed. Especially, in order to optimize the performance of the energy economy improvement of the E2FHS, the effect of the different energy management controllers is investigated, and an adaptive online-optimal energy management controller for the E2FHS is built and validated by the prototype PHEV.     

双转子电机及其在混合电动汽车中的应用

双转子电机相对于传统电机,增加了一个旋转部件,可实现两路机械能量的独立传递,不仅具有更高的功率密度和效率,而且可实现多动力源机电能量耦合输出,应用于混合动力汽车驱动系统中,通过内外电机的协调控制使发动机工作在最佳效率区,实现多种工作模式和无级变速,具有广泛的工业应用前景.介绍了双转子电机的发展,分析了几种主要类型双转子电机结构、工作原理及其在混合电动汽车驱动系统的应用特点,并针对其结构设计、系统控制等方面的技术难点和现有不足,探讨了双转子电机及其混合电动汽车领域应用的发展趋势和研究方向.     

混合动力系统加速工况能量流控制策略

加速工况是车辆运行的非稳定工况,传统车辆在该工况下是为了保证足够的动力性而消耗大量燃油.通过对混合动力汽车加速工况的试验测试,研究混合动力系统能量流控制策略,分析混合动力汽车在加速工况下如何保障足够动力性而又能有效控制燃油消耗,达到既有足够动力又有效控制燃油消耗的目的.结果表明：混合动力汽车加速工况下发动机仍然能保持一个相对稳定的工作状态,而又不失动力性,很好地节约燃油,减少排放.     

平顶山市生活垃圾的生命周期管理

根据ISO 14 0 0 0环境管理体系“生命周期评价———原则与程序” ,对平顶山市生活垃圾生命周期管理进行初步探索 ,指出城市生活垃圾应在环境可持续性、经济可承受性及社会可接受性这三个原则的基础上 ,通过垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化和社会化等管理措施 ,实现城市可持续发展的管理目标     

中国冰箱行业二元生命周期假说

通过对中国电冰箱行业的发展进行研究 ,提出了中国电冰箱产品的“二元生命周期假说” .这种二元结构分布不仅能够反映电冰箱产品的需求变动趋势 ,同时对整个家电行业乃至其他行业也有相当程度的指导和借鉴意义     

开封市旧城区自行车专用道路系统规划建设实践

针对开封市老城区的建设特点 ,结合开封市旧城区现有城市交通现状 ,从规划的角度提出了开封市旧城区设立自行车专用道的具体意义和建设措施。     

产品寿命周期阶段的综合判断分析

正确判断产品所处的寿命周期阶段,是制定有效的营销策略的前提．针对传统的销售增长率判断法中存在的因素单一和标准难以掌握的不足,文中通过实例提出了一种寿命周期阶段的综合判断方法．     

基于复用的OO软件生命周期模型

本文首先介绍OO的软件生命周期模型,在此基础上提出了一种基于复用的OO软件生命周期模型（Based on Reusable Object-Oriented Software Life Cycle Module)。     

工程项目全寿命周期的设计质量管理

设计阶段是决定工程项目全寿命周期质量的关键环节,设计质量决定了工程项目的成败。文章从工程项目全寿命周期的角度,定义设计质量的涵义,分析了全寿命周期设计质量的特征,提出实现工程项目全寿命周期设计质量管理目标的思路,并结合变电站项目阐明实施全寿命周期的设计质量管理能有效提升工程项目的综合效益,实现工程项目的增值目标。     

Uncertainty in life cycle economical analysis of cassava-based ethanol fuel

Biomass ethanol fuel is not only renewable but also environmental-friendly. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is developing the cassava-based ethanol fuel. Economical performance of the project is the key issue. The traditional life cycle economical analysis is just a static calculation process. Uncertainty is the character of cassava yield, cost of cassava plant, cassava price, tax rate and gasoline price, and the economical performance of the project is determined by these aspects. This study proposes an economical model of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The method of Monte Carol is used to simulate the economical performance. This method conquers the shortage of the traditional way. The results show that cassava-based ethanol fuel can get survived when the tax is exempted. Finally, the study also evaluates the potential of the economical performance. Foundation item: Project (50175070) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China