对甲苯磺酸催化合成异丁叉二脲

对用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂湿法合成异丁叉二脲的反应进行了研究，通过实验，确定了其最佳工艺条件，异丁醛与尿素的用量比为1：2．8（摩尔比），催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量为1％（对异丁醛的物质的量），反应介质水的用量为6：1（与尿素质量比），反应温度为35℃，反应时间为0．5h，产品产率可达96．5％。     

磷钼钒杂多酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

研究了以乙酸和正丁醇为原料,磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂合成乙酸正丁酯的反应,考察了原料醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,经过试验确定了合成乙酸正丁酯的较佳工艺条件,醇酸物质的量比为1．2：1,磷钼钒杂多酸催化剂用量为反应液总量的0．6％,反应时间为85min,反应温度为115℃,在此条件下,乙酸正丁酯的收率为93％-95％。     

二氧化碳法制备六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的研究

研究了二氧化碳与己二胺甲氧羰基化反应合成六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，考察了有机碱用量、反应温度、反应时间和压力等操作条件对反应的影响。结果表明最佳工艺条件：n（三乙胺）：n（己二胺）=3：1，反应温度-5℃、反应时间60min、压力为0．55MPa。并用红外谱图和折光率对合成产物进行表征。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成异丁叉二脲

对用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂湿法合成异丁叉二脲的反应进行了研究。通过实验 ,确定了其最佳工艺条件 :异丁醛与尿素的用量比为 1∶2 .8(摩尔比 ) ,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量为 1% (对异丁醛的物质的量 ) ,反应介质水的用量为 6∶1(与尿素质量比 ) ,反应温度为 3 5℃ ,反应时间为 0 .5h ,产品产率可达 96.5 %     

固体酸催化的硝基苯合成工艺研究

采用固体超强酸ZrO_2/SO_4~(2-)为催化剂,以苯为原料,以浓硝酸为硝化剂合成硝基苯。采用正交试验法对催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、反应时间、苯与浓硝酸物质的量比以及反应温度进行了考察。筛选出最佳合成条件：苯39．1g,硝酸与苯物质的量比3：1,催化剂用量(质量)1．0g,反应时间5 h,反应温度75℃,收率为88．4%。     

Amberlyst15催化7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的无溶剂合成

研究了在无溶剂条件下,Amberlyst15催化间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,较系统地考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、原料配比对反应产率的影响,得到最优反应条件：反应时间160min,反应温度110℃,催化剂用量0．5g,间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯的物质的量比为1：1。上述条件下,7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的产率达到65．16％。     

药物中间体乙酸苯酯的合成

采用自制的催化剂 ,运用条件实验法 ,以苯酚、乙酐为原料 ,直接酯化合成乙酸苯酯 ,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量、精馏温度等条件对合成反应的影响 ,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成乙酸苯酯的最佳工艺条件是 :反应温度 135℃～ 14 5℃ ,反应时间 90min ,苯酚与乙酐物质的量比为 1 0 0∶1 0 5 ,催化剂用量为占体系总量的 0 0 3% ,精馏温度 194℃～ 196℃ ,乙酸苯酯的收率达到 98 7%。     

HY分子筛催化合成对乙酰氨基酚的工艺研究

研究了以HY分子筛为催化剂合成对乙酰氨基酚的工艺,对反应物的物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等反应条件进行了优化,实验确定最佳反应条件：对氨基苯酚与冰乙酸物质的量比为1∶10,反应温度为120℃,催化剂用量为1.5%,反应时间为5h。最佳条件下对乙酰氨基酚的收率可达92.05%,且实验证明HY分子筛催化活性具有良好的稳定性。     

碘催化无溶剂合成己二酸二乙酯

以碘作催化剂,无溶剂催化合成了己二酸二乙酯。考察了反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对酯化率的影响。其最佳反应条件为：己二酸用量0．020mol,乙醇与己二酸的物质的量比6：1,碘用量0．060g,反应时间4．0h,反应温度84～85℃,此时酯化率可达94．68％。     

柠檬酸三丁酯的合成研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,柠檬酸、正丁醇为原料酯化合成柠檬酸三丁酯,探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度、柠檬酸与正丁醇物质的量比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：反应时间4．0h,反应温度140℃,正丁醇与柠檬酸物质的量比5：1,催化剂的用量为柠檬酸的2％。反应初产物经先中和碱洗后,再减压脱醇,产品外观色泽符合质量要求。此条件下,柠檬酸三丁酯酯化率为98．9％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。