RSVP Extensions for Real-Time Services in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6

The Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) provides many great features, such as sufficient addressing space, mobility, and security; MIPv6 is one of the most important protocols for next generation mobile Internet. Simultaneously, with the rapid improvement of wireless technologies, the real-time multi-media IP services such as video on demand, videoconference, interactive games, IP telephony and video IP phone will be delivered in the near future. Thus, to furnish accurate QoS for real-time services is one of the most important thing in the next generation mobile Internet. Although RSVP, which is a resource reservation protocol, processes signaling messages to establish QoS paths between senders and receivers, RSVP was originally designed for stationary networks and not aware of the mobility of MNs. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel RSVP extension to support real-time services in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) environments. For intra-site mobility, the concept of QoS Agent (QA) is proposed to handle the RSVP QoS update messages and provide the advanced reservation models for real-time services. For inter-site mobility, IP multicast can help to invite inter-site QAs to make pre-reservation and minimize the service disruption caused by re-routing the data path during handover. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme over HMIPv6 is more suitable for real-time services than the famous RSVP tunnel-based solution.     

Architecture for mobility and QoS support in all-IP wireless networks

Mobility management and quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning are the important tasks on the future development of wireless networks. The high host mobility makes these tasks more challenging. In this paper, we propose an architecture which supports both mobility and QoS management in Internet protocol (IP)-based wireless networks. In mobility management, the fast handoff, which the packets are forwarded in advance to the neighboring locations where a mobile node (MN) may move to, is provided to reduce the service disruption. Also, the fast location lookup, which the routing information about a MN is replicated to some routers, is provided to avoid the triangular routing problem incurred by the protocol of mobile IP. In QoS provisioning, we enable the end-to-end QoS guarantee by using the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) signaling. In particular, the RSVP aggregation technique is used to avoid the scalability problem. Also, the technique of passive resource reservation is used to reduce the influence of host mobility on the resource reservation delay. We emphasize the integration of mobility and QoS management in the architecture design. A performance analysis is given to justify the benefits of our proposed architecture.     

Architecture and experimental results for quality of service in mobile networks using RSVP and CBQ

Efforts are underway to enhance the Internet with Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities for transporting real‐time data. The issue of wireless networks and mobile hosts being able to support applications that require QoS has become very significant. The ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) provides a signaling mechanism for end‐to‐end QoS negotiation. RSVP has been designed to work with wired networks. To make RSVP suitable for wireless networks, changes need to be made by: (i) changing the way control messages are sent, and (ii) introducing wireless/mobile specific QoS parameters that take into account the major features of wireless networks, namely, high losses, low bandwidth, power constraints and mobility. In this paper, an architecture with a modified RSVP protocol that helps to provide QoS support for mobile hosts is presented. The modified RSVP protocol has been implemented in an experimental wireless and mobile testbed to study the feasibility and performance of our approach. Class Based Queueing (CBQ) which is used as the underlying bandwidth enforcing mechanism is also modified to fit our approach. The experimental results show that the modified RSVP and CBQ help in satisfying resource requests for mobile hosts, after handoff occurs. The experiments also show how different power and loss profile mechanisms can be used with our framework. The system performance using the modified RSVP control mechanism is also studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

End-to-End Adaptive QoS Provisioning over GPRS Wireless Mobile Network

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offers performance guaranteed packet data services to mobile users over wireless frequency-division duplex links with time division multiple access, and core packet data networks. This paper presents a dynamic adaptive guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning scheme over GPRS wireless mobile links by proposing a guaranteed QoS media access control (GQ-MAC) protocol and an accompanying adaptive prioritized-handoff call admission control (AP-CAC) protocol to maintain GPRS QoS guarantees under the effect of mobile handoffs. The GQ-MAC protocol supports bounded channel access delay for delay-sensitive traffic, bounded packet loss probability for loss-sensitive traffic, and dynamic adaptive resource allocation for bursty traffic with peak bandwidth allocation adapted to the current queue length. The AP-CAC protocol provides dynamic adaptive prioritized admission by differentiating handoff requests with higher admission priorities over new calls via a dynamic multiple guard channels scheme, which dynamically adapts the capacity reserved for dealing with handoff requests based on the current traffic conditions in the neighboring radio cells. Integrated services (IntServ) QoS provisioning over the IP/ATM-based GPRS core network is realized over a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) architecture, and mobility is supported over the core network via a novel mobile label-switching tree (MLST) architecture. End-to-end QoS provisioning over the GPRS wireless mobile network is realized by mapping between the IntServ and GPRS QoS requirements, and by extending the AP-CAC protocol from the wireless medium to the core network to provide a unified end-to-end admission control with dynamic adaptive admission priorities.     

QoS Management Structure for Mobile IPv6

1IntroductionMobile users want to enjoy multi media and other real-ti me services in the Internet . Thus the Internet Engi-neering Task Force (IETF) has introduced the MobileIPv4[1]and Mobile IPv6[2]to interoperate seamlesslywith protocols that provide real-ti me services in the In-ternet. Multi-Protocol Label Switching ( MPLS) is afast label-based switching technology that integrates thelabel-swapping paradigm with network-layer routing[3].Resource Reservation Protocol ( RSVP)[4 ~…     

基于3GPP2框架的无线移动网络的RSVP扩展研究

本文讨论了面向固定网络设计的RSVP协议应用于无线移动网络需要解决的问题,并针对3GPP2框架下的无线移动网络提出了一种RSVP扩展方案.该方案采用隧道预留技术建立端-端主动预留,为数据连接提供服务质量保证;采用移动预测和被动预留技术在移动节点可能进入的蜂窝内提前预留无线资源,提高切换成功的概率;通过采用主动切换技术减小预留路径调整的时间,进一步提高通信的连续性.     

一种改进的支持无线IP网络的资源预留协议

移动IP技术能够支持基于IP的无线网络,资源预留协议(RSVP)用来保证多媒体传输的服务质量。然而把现有的RSVP应用于移动IP网络就会存在许多问题。提出了一种改进的RSVP支持方案(ERSVP)来实现无线IP网络的服务质量保证。ERSVP在分层网络中结合了MRSVP和RSVP隧道技术。根据性能分析,ERSVP方案能够获得比MRSVP较少的信令延迟、信令负载和资源耗费。     

MRSVP: A Resource Reservation Protocol for an Integrated Services Network with Mobile Hosts

This paper describes a reservation protocol to provide real-time services to mobile users in an Integrated Services Packet Network. Mobility of hosts has significant impact on the quality of service provided to a real-time application. The currently proposed network system architecture and mechanisms to provide real-time services to fixed hosts are inadequate to accommodate the mobile hosts which can frequently change their point of attachments to the fixed network. Mobile hosts may experience wide variations of quality of service due to mobility. To reduce the impacts of mobility on QoS guarantees, a mobile host needs to make advance resource reservations at multiple locations it may possibly visit during the lifetime of the connection. The currently proposed reservation protocol in the Internet, RSVP, is not adequate to make such reservations for mobile hosts. In this paper, we describe a new reservation protocol, MRSVP, for supporting integrated services in a network with mobile hosts.     

DiffServ resource allocation for fast handoff in wireless mobileInternet

The next-generation wireless networks are evolving toward a versatile IP-based network that can provide various real-time multimedia services to mobile users. Two major challenges in establishing such a wireless mobile Internet are support of fast handoff and provision of quality of service (QoS) over IP-based wireless access networks. In this article, a DiffServ resource allocation architecture is proposed for the evolving wireless mobile Internet. The registration-domain-based scheme supports fast handoff by significantly reducing mobility management signaling. The registration domain is integrated with the DiffServ mechanism and provisions QoS guarantee for each service class by domain-based admission control. Furthermore, an adaptive assured service is presented for the stream class of traffic, where resource allocation is adjusted according to the network condition in order to minimize handoff call dropping and new call blocking probabilities     

Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6

In recent years, with the development of mobile communication technologies and the increase of available wireless transmission bandwidth, deploying multimedia services in next generation mobile IPv6 networks has become an inevitable trend. RSVP (resource reservation protocol) proposed by the IETF is designed for hardwired and fixed networks and can not be used in mobile environments. This paper proposes a protocol, called Fast RSVP, to reserve resources for mobile IPv6. The protocol adopts a cross-layer design approach where two modules (RSVP module and Mobile IPv6 module) at different layers cooperate with each other. Fast RSVP divides a handover process with QoS guarantees into two stages: (1) setup of the resource reservation neighbor tunnel and (2) resource reservation on the optimized route. It can help a mobile node realize fast handover with QoS guarantees as well as avoid resource wasting by triangular routes, advanced reservations and duplicate reservations. In addition, fast RSVP reserves “guard channels” for handover sessions, thus greatly reducing the handover session forced termination rate while maintaining high performance of the network. Based on extensive performance analysis and simulations, Fast RSVP, compared with existing methods of resource reservation in mobile environments, performs better in terms of packet delay and throughput during handover, QoS recovery time after handover, resource reservation cost, handover session forced termination rate and overall session completion rate.     

All-IP 4G Network architecture for efficient mobility and resource management

In this article, we investigate 4G network architecture and consider two underlying layers: PHY and MAC. We compare two models of wireless access network: pure all-IP and subnet based networks. The pure all-IP model is simple and cost-efficient but causes implementation issues of mobility management and resource coordination. In contrast, the subnet based network enables layer 2 and layer 3 handoffs to be executed independently, deploying several access points under an access router. Further, to handle various cases efficiently according to traffic class and mobility, we present an advanced model of a hierarchical cellular system that combines multiple access techniques of OFDMA and FH-OFDMA with microcells and macrocells. Finally, as an integrated approach to support diverse QoS requirements, we consider an IP-triggered resource allocation strategy (ITRAS) that exploits IntServ and DiffServ of the network layer to interwork with channel allocation and multiple access of MAC and PHY layers, respectively. These cross layer approaches shed light on designing a QoS support model in a 4G network that cannot be handled properly by a single layer based approach     

Quality-of-service signaling for next-generation IP-based mobile networks

We present a novel end-to-end QoS architecture that enables seamless services over heterogeneous wireless access networks. We discuss the main architectural approaches and design issues of mobility-aware QoS signaling in IP networks. Then we introduce a QoS signaling architecture that integrates resource management with mobility management. It is based on a domain resource manager concept and nicely supports various handover types in an integrated approach. In particular, we support anticipated handover with pre-reservation of resources over the old network before the mobile node is attached to the new access point.     

Managing end‐to‐end quality of service in multiple heterogeneous wireless networks

Supporting quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks has been a very rich and interesting area of research. Many significant advances have been made in supporting QoS in single wireless networks. However, the support for QoS across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks will be required in future wireless networks. In connections spanning multiple wireless networks, end‐to‐end QoS will depend on several factors such as mobility patterns, connection patterns, and the QoS policies in each of the networks. In this paper, we present an architecture for multiple heterogeneous wireless networks, several QoS schemes, a simulation model and several interesting results. The simulation model can evaluate the QoS performance under a variety of network configurations, user and mobility types, and network resources. Our results show that end‐to‐end QoS depends on several factors, including system utilization, mobility levels, and the individual QoS schemes implemented in individual networks. We also show how the QoS ideas presented in this paper can be used by wireless carriers for improved QoS support and management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种优化无线多媒体业务接入允许控制和资源分配算法

无线网络中的多媒体业务具有很大吸引力。本文将多媒体业务分为实时业务和非实时业务,提出了一种呼叫接入控制优化算法CAC-RA,此算法通过采用马尔科夫方法,排队论和非线性规划模型,同时解决呼叫允许控制和资源优化分配问题。提出的利益函数考虑了最大利用资源,同时满足无线网络各类用户的QoS要求,同时尽量减少用户的资源重新分配的频率和幅度变化,仿真实验数据显示CAC-RA算法能较好地适应业务变化的网络,同时实现了较为理想的利益值,满足无线网络多媒体用户的QoS要求。     

Admission control in time-slotted multihop mobile networks

The emergence of nomadic applications have generated a lot of interest in next-generation wireless network infrastructures which provide differentiated service classes. So it is important to study how the quality of service (QoS), such as packet loss and bandwidth, should be guaranteed. To accomplish this, we develop am admission control scheme which can guarantee bandwidth for real-time applications in multihop mobile networks. In our scheme, a host need not discover and maintain any information of the network resources status on the routes to another host until a connection request is generated for the communication between the two hosts, unless the former host is offering its services as an intermediate forwarding station to maintain connectivity between two other hosts. This bandwidth guarantee feature is important for a mobile network to interconnect wired networks with QoS support. Our connection admission control scheme can also work in a stand-alone mobile ad hoc network for real-time applications. This control scheme contains end-to-end bandwidth calculation and bandwidth allocation. Under such a scheme, the source is informed of the bandwidth and QoS available to any destination in the mobile network. This knowledge enables the establishment of QoS connections within the mobile network and the efficient support of real time applications. In the case of ATM interconnection, the bandwidth information can be used to carry out an intelligent handoff between ATM gateways and/or to extend the ATM virtual circuit service to the mobile network with possible renegotiation of QoS parameters at the gateway. We examine via simulation the system performance in various QoS traffic flows and mobility environments     

HMRSVP: A Hierarchical Mobile RSVP Protocol

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical Mobile RSVP (HMRSVP) that can achieve mobility independent QoS-guaranteed services in mobile computing environments. The HMRSVP integrates RSVP with Mobile IP regional registration and makes advance resource reservations only when an inter-region movement may possibly occur. We first show that, by NS simulator, our HMRSVP can achieve the same QoS guarantees as MRSVP does with fewer resource reservations. Then, we show that HMRSVP outperforms MRSVP in terms of reservation blocking, forced termination and session completion probabilities.     

全IP移动通信网接入网的QoS保证机制研究

移动性管理和服务质量(Q0S)保证一直是移动通信网络中两个关键性问题.文章介绍了全IP移动通信网接入网部分的几种QoS实现机制,通过扩展QoS保证机制与微移动管理协议之间的耦合,提出了一种资源预留协议(RSVP)和Hawaii协议松耦合的方案,并以集成了RSVP和Hawaii的仿真平台对该方案进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,松耦合方案可以显著地提高切换过程中的QoS.     

TLMM中QoS一体化管理研究：基于IP下一代无线网络的三层平移模型

In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guaran...     

Designing the interworking of terrestrial and satellite IP-basednetworks

The design of effective interworking between a multimedia terrestrial backbone and a satellite access platform is a key issue for the development of a large-scale IP system designed for transporting multimedia applications with QoS guarantees. This article focuses on the design of a gateway station that acts as an interworking unit between the two segments of the systems. The guarantee of differentiated QoS for applications within the envisaged global IT system is achieved effectively by assuming that the IP IntServ model in the satellite access system is combined with a DiffServ fixed core network, in which the RSVP aggregation protocol is implemented. Thus, the design activity of the IWU mainly focuses on the following issues: seamless roaming between the two heterogeneous wireless and wired environments, efficient integration between the two IP service models (IntServ and DiffServ), and suitable mapping of terrestrial onto satellite bearer for traffic with different profiles and QoS requirements     

Efficient Architecture and Handoff Strategy used for VoIP Sessions in SIP Based Wireless Networks

In the near future, the Internet is likely to become an All-IP network that provides various multimedia services over wireless networks. Although the earliest VoIP applications did not consider the end-node mobility, researchers have attempted to support mobility in current VoIP protocols, such as Session Initial Protocol (SIP)-based mobility. The SIP-based mobility is considered because it can readily support mobility. However, calling disruptions may occur in traditional SIP mid-call terminal mobility because handoff procedure may be required, depending on the implementation and the real network deployment considerations. In any case, issues in the combined SIP/RSVP for guaranteeing QoS of VoIP service under mobile environment are also considered to be crucial. Therefore, this study describes the solutions by devising novel hierarchy network architecture. Also, the mechanisms including help with neighboring users in adjacent cells and the third party call control to overcome those issues are included. The simulation results indicate that the proposed technique is practical and better executive than conventional schemes.