3-溴螺环[芴-9,9'-氧杂蒽]的合成工艺研究

螺[芴-9,9'-氧杂蒽]衍生物作为蓝光材料或掺杂材料,被广泛应用于有机发光半导体(OLED)器件.本文以二苯醚为起始原料,经仲丁基锂锂化后,与3-溴-9H-芴酮反应得到中间体化合物,在二氯甲烷溶剂中,经对甲基苯磺酸催化闭环反应,合成了3-溴螺环[芴-9,9'-氧杂蒽].研究表明,当锂化反应温度为-45℃,原料n(二苯...     

2-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴的合成与表征

本文对2-氨基-9,9-二甲基芴的合成工艺进行研究。由芴为起始原料,通过选择不同的合成方法,改变反应条件,确定最佳的合成工艺。反应产物通过高效液相色谱检测其纯度,通过核磁共振确定结构,所得产物均与目标化合物相符。     

4-溴螺环[芴-9,9'-氧杂蒽]的合成与表征

以二苯醚为原料,惰性气体保护下,与仲丁基锂反应,加入4-溴-9-芴酮,在冰乙酸溶剂中闭环合成4-溴螺环[芴-9,9'-氧杂蒽]。其结构经~1H NMR等表征确证。优化反应条件为:n(二苯醚)∶n(仲丁基锂)=1∶1,锂化温度-75℃。总收率86%。     

9,9-二甲基芴-2-硼酸的合成研究

芴衍生物是一类很有开发前景和实用价值的发光材料。9,9-二甲基芴-2-硼酸是合成OLED材料的重要中间体。本文以芴为原料,经溴化,甲基化,格式试剂法得到9,9-二甲基芴-2-硼酸,并对影响反应的重要因素进行了考察和讨论。本文采用的工艺路线合理,反应时间短,产品收率高。     

可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4′-(1″,4″-戊二烯-3″-氧基酰基戊基氧基)苯基]芴的合成

以芴为原料,经溴代、氧化反应首先合成了2,7-二溴芴酮,再与苯酚反应合成2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4′-羟基苯基)芴.利用2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4′-羟基苯基)芴与1,4-戊二烯-3-醇-6′-溴己酸酯经醚化反应合成了用于发光聚合物制备的可光固化单体标题化合物.反应总收率66％.中间产物和目标产物结构经1HNMR、13CNMR和元素分析表征.     

9,9-二(4-氨基苯基)芴的合成研究

9,9-二(4-氨基苯基)芴是一种高质量电子发光材料聚酰亚胺的重要中间体。以芴、四氯化碳及苯胺为原料,采用两步法合成了目标化合物,探讨了反应温度、时间等因素对反应的影响。在优化的反应条件下,产品收率达65%,纯度高达99.6%。该合成方法经济,适合工业化生产。     

有机电致发光材料芴衍生物的合成

芴衍生物被认为是很有开发前景和实用价值的一类发光材料,它具有较为优异的综合性能,如良好的发光效率,较好的热稳定性等。本研究工作采用条件温和、产率较高的合成路线,对芴为单体进行官能团修饰,制备了9,9-二甲基芴、9,9-二甲基-2-硝基芴、9,9-二甲基-2-氨基芴、N-（4-联苯基）-9,9-二甲基-2-氨基芴。并对影响反应的重要因素进行了考察和讨论。     

9,9-双甲氧甲基芴的合成及其光谱分析

以芴为原料,在乙醇钠的催化下,经多聚甲醛羟甲基化反应合成了中间体9,9-双羟甲基芴,然后以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,再与氢氧化钠、碳酸二甲酯发生烷基化反应,合成了目标化合物。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振谱等分析测试手段对中间体和目标产物进行了结构表征并逐一归属。     

Cadogan反应还原2-硝基苯基芴得咔唑

由Cadogan反应,2-硝基联苯在有机磷试剂存在下,硝基被还原成环得到咔唑类化合物得到启发,设计两步反应,第-步邻溴硝基苯与9,9-二甲基2-芴硼酸为原料经Suzuki偶联反应,甲苯中回流,得到芴与2-硝基苯的C—C偶联化合物;第二步Cadogan环化反应,三苯基膦还原2-（2-硝基苯）-9,9-二甲基芴得咔唑。这-设计重点在于合成咔唑的同时成功地引入了芴核,新合成的化合物通过共用苯环而包含了咔唑和芴。尽管用Cadogan反应还原2-（2-硝基苯）-9,9-二甲基芴时有两种关环可能,但该方法仍然简单有效,易于控制。副产品包括三苯基氧化膦和咔唑异构体12,12-二甲基-11,12-二氢茚[2,1-al咔唑非常容易通过柱层析除去。     

2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴的合成工艺改进

以芴、溴素为原料,三氯甲烷为溶剂,铁粉为催化剂,0℃下合成得到2,7-二溴芴,然后以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,室温下与1-溴辛烷反应得到标题化合物,总收率为53.2%。通过1HNMRI、R和元素分析确证了2,7-二溴芴与标题化合物的结构。与目前常用的3种合成方法相比较,该合成工艺具有反应条件温和,后处理简单,收率较高等优点。     

10,10’-二溴-9,9’-联蒽合成工艺改进

报道了一种有机电致发光材料中间体10,10’-二溴-9,9’-联蒽的合成工艺方法。结果表明,在乙酸乙酯和冰醋酸(体积比=1∶1)的混合溶剂中,以锌粒和浓盐酸为还原剂,蒽醌为原料,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为溴化剂,两步法反应合成10,10’-二溴-9,9’-联蒽,总产率达到72.3%。该法具有生产周期短、反应条件温和、纯化简单、成本低、产率高等优点。     

双胺芴的合成方法研究

本文研究了双胺芴合成方法以及不同条件对反应的影响,探讨了不同酸盐的催化效果、催化剂用量、苯胺用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对双胺芴产率的影响。实验结果表明,当n(苯胺)：n(PhNH2?HCl):n(芴酮)=10：1.5：1时,控制反应温度在130 ℃,反应6小时,双胺芴的产率最高为88.3%。     

Synthesis and property of 9,9′-spirobifluorene-containing aromatic polyesters as optical polymers with high refractive index and low birefringence

C₂-Symmetric 9,9′-spirobifluorene-containing polyesters (PEs) were synthesized by polycondensation of 2,2′-dihydroxy-9,9′-spirobifluorene (1) with bis(acyl chloride)s (2) at 230 °C in diphenylether. The molecular weights of PEs 3a-3f were sufficiently high (M_w 13,400-41,600). PEs displayed high thermal stability. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) estimated by differential scanning calorimetry analysis appeared in a range 177-352 °C depending on the spacer structure, while the 5% decomposition temperatures (T_d5) measured by thermogravimetric analysis were over 416 °C both under nitrogen atmosphere and in air. PEs showed good solubility in typical organic solvents such as CHCl₃ and THF easily to afford the tough, transparent, and flexible cast films. The transmittance of the polymer films reached over 90% in the wavelength range from ca. 410-900 nm. In addition, PEs exhibited higher refractive index rather than that of commercially available 9,9-diarylfluorene-containing PE, in addition to very low degree of birefringence presumably due to the C₂-symmetric structure.     

Fabrication of conjugated polymer arrays by spinodal dewetting

Ordered arrays of conjugated poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene) (PF) were prepared by the spinodal dewetting of liquid thin films on mica substrates. The size of the aggregates in the arrays was controlled by the evaporation rate of the solvent. Fast solvent evaporation resulted in smaller aggregates; slower evaporation resulted in larger aggregates. The photoluminescence of the PF arrays showed a smaller red‐shift than that of the unpatterned film when compared to PF solutions, which indicated that the aggregation of PF in the arrays is smaller than that in the unpatterned films. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

磷钨杂多酸催化合成双酚芴的研究

应用磷钨杂多酸催化合成双酚芴,考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、温度、酚酮摩尔比等条件对反应的影响;结果表明,双酚芴的单程收率达65．3％。最佳工艺条件为：酚酮摩尔比10：1,反应温度115℃,反应时间11h,催化剂用量占总物料的9％。     

Synthesis and properties of novel aromatic polyamides with xanthene cardo groups

Two novel monomers, 9,9‐bis[4‐(4‐carboxyphenoxy)phenyl]xanthene (BCAPX) and 9,9‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]xanthene (BAPX) were prepared in two main steps starting from nucleophilic substitution of 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)xanthene (BHPX) with p‐fluorobenzonitrile and p‐chloronitrobenzene, respectively. Using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents, two series of polyamides containing xanthene cardo groups with the inherent viscosities (0.82–1.32 dL/g) were prepared by polycondensation from BCAPX with various aromatic diamines or from BAPX with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in an N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solution containing dissolved calcium chloride, respectively. All new polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in various polar solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), NMP, N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and pyridine. These polymers showed relatively high glass transition temperatures between 264 and 308°C, decomposition temperatures at 10% weight loss ranging from 502 to 540°C and 488 to 515°C in nitrogen and air, respectively, and char yields at 800°C in nitrogen higher than 56%. Transparent, flexible, and tough films of these polymers cast from DMAc solutions exhibited tensile strengths ranging from 86 to 109 MPa, elongations at break from 13 to 22%, and initial moduli from 2.15 to 2.63 GPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

The effect of solvent quality on the chain morphology in solutions of poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene)

The thermodynamics of the alpha (α) phase to beta (β) phase transition was investigated in solution of poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene) in a variety of solvents with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and near-field scanning optical microscopy. The results show that the solvent quality has a strong affect on the α- to β-conformational change. The trend in enthalpies and transition temperatures indicates that the transition results from an increase in intramolecular interactions upon chain collapse at lower temperatures. This transition leads to subsequent gelation and/or aggregation that stabilizes the β-phase at higher temperatures and leads to a large hysteresis in the transition temperature. The enthalpy for the transition from an aggregated β-phase to a fully solvated α-phase is found to be 21.04 kJ mol⁻¹ of monomer for toluene solutions. Differences between the measured heat and those previously reported are discussed.     

Fluorene-based narrow-band-gap copolymers for red light- emitting diodes and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

A series of narrow band-gap conjugated copolymers (PFO-DDQ) derived from 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF) and 2,3-dimethyl-5,8-dithien-2-yl-quinoxalines (DDQ) is prepared by the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with the molar feed ratio of DDQ at around 1%, 5%, 15%, 30% and 50%, respectively. The obtained polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents. The solutions and the thin solid films of the copolymers absorb light from 300–590 nm with two absorbance peaks at around 380 and 490 nm. The intensity of 490 nm peak increases with the increasing DDQ content in the polymers. Efficient energy transfer due to exciton trapping on narrow-band-gap DDQ sites has been observed. The PL emission consists exclusively of DDQ unit emission at around 591–643 nm depending on the DDQ content in solid film. The EL emission peaks are red-shifted from 580 nm for PFO-DDQ1 to 635 nm for PFO-DDQ50. The highest external quantum efficiency achieved with the device configuration ITO/PEDOT/PVK/PFO-DDQ15/Ba/Al is 1.33% with a luminous efficiency 1.54 cd/A. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from composite films of PFO-DDQ30 copolymer and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively in device configuration: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFODDQ30: PCBM/PFPNBr/Al shows power conversion efficiencies of 1.18% with open-circuit voltage (V _oc) of 0.90 V and short-circuit current density (J _sc) of 2.66 mA/cm² under an AM1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm²). The photocurrent response wavelengths of the PVCs based on PFO-DDQ30/PCBM blends covers 300–700 nm. This indicates that these kinds of low band-gap polymers are promising candidates for polymeric solar cells and red light-emitting diodes. __________ Translated from Acta Polymerica Sinica (China), 2007, 10: 952–958 [译自: 高分子学报]     

Stable pure‐blue emission of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) via suppression of the green emission

Stable pure‐blue electroluminescence (EL) is obtained from polymer light‐emitting devices by dispersing poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) into a wide band‐gap mixed‐matrix of poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK):2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD). From the EL spectra of the PFO‐doped films, we find that the additional green emission observed in the EL spectra of the pure PFO devices was significantly suppressed in the PFO‐doped devices. The spectral stability was also improved through evaluating the EL spectra of the PFO‐doped films annealed at different temperatures (from 80 to 150 °C). These results demonstrate that doping of PFO into a matrix to weaken the aggregate and oxidation of the PFO molecules is a simple strategy to suppress the green emission. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44950.