ENROLMENT IN FORMATION——2004 TCDC Training Workshop on SHP Equipment

Seansored by the United Nations and Chinese government, Hangzhou Regional Center for Small Hydro Power (HRC) aims at promoting the SHP development in the world. China has most SHP stations, with much experience in SHP development. In order to disseminate SHP technology,HRC has already held with success 37 training workshops for 652 participants from over 70 countries.     

新型的工业及舰船用汽轮机叶片合金IN—939

介绍了一种新型的工业汽轮机及舰船燃气轮机叶片合金ＩＮ—９３９。对它的研制、组织、性能及使用情况作了综述，表明其具有比ＩＮ—７３８ＬＣ更好的抗腐蚀性能。     

LAND USE READJUSTMENT IN THE COMPREHENSIVE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

ＬＡＮＤＵＳＥＲＥＡＤＪＵＳＴＭＥＮＴＩＮＴＨＥＣＯＭＰＲＥＨＥＮＳＩＶＥＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤＭＡＮＡＧＥＭＥＮＴＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＤＩＮＧＬｉａｎｚｈｅｎ１ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｍａｌｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｆｕ...     

APPLICATION OF MULTIGRID METHOD IN 2-D MATHE-MATICAL MODEL IN OPEN CHANNELS

1.　 INTRODUCTIONIn 2 -D mathematical model of unsteady flow in open channel,one of the mostdifficulties is its slow convergence rate and too much time needed in computation.Themultigrid method is a new rapid iteration method developed in the resent 2 0 years. Now ithas been verified as an optimizing iteration method and its convergence rate has no relationswith mesh spacing.At present the multigrid method has been widely used in many fields(Liu Chaoqun,1 995;Peng Wenqi,1 994 ) ,especia…     

SIMULATION OF THERMAL TRANSPORT IN AQUIFER： A GWHP SYSTEM IN CHENGDU, CHINA

With an established convection-dispersion model for the thermal transport in aquifer, the thermal transport processes in an unconfined aquifer of a Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) system in Chengdu, China, are simulated with double-well intervals and cooling-load design fluctuations in summer running period under special groundwater flow and heat source conditions, and the stage-characteristics of the thermal transport in the aquifer are investigated in the running cycle (1 year) numerically. The results show that the thermal transport in the aquifer is closely related to the distance between pumping and injecting wells and the cooling-load design fluctuations, especially, to the cycling water volume. The thermal transport in the aquifer sees different characteristics in the two states in the pumping-recharging stages in summer/winter and the storing stages in spring/autumn. With the hydro-geologic theory and the numerical model, the effect of the groundwater-flow on the thermal transport in the unconfined aquifer is discussed.     

A STUDY ABOUT SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC,CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER AND EQUILIBRIUM ADSORPTION OF CUPRIC ION IN SOIL——A UTILITY EQUIPMENT USED IN SOIL SCIENCE AND ITS ILLUSTRATION OF USE

A utility equipment used in soil science is designed and installed.The equipment can be used in research pro-grams of soil water and solute transport.Pressure in pressure chamber of the equipment in which a tested soil sam-ple is laid can be adjusted exactly so that we can determine the water content of soil sample.With the equipmentwe can not only study the problems related water movement in soil but also measure some solute,such as cadmi-um,plumbum and so on,adsorption on surface of soil in saturated and unsaturated state.As an illustration of theuse of the equipment,we give the isothermal of cupric ion adsorption in soil.This equipment can be used in the re-search work and application of soil science.     

FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE HYDRODYNAMIC FIELD EVOLUTION OF GEOTHERMAL WATER IN THE NANWENQUAN ANTICLINE IN CHONGQING IN CHINA

1. INTRODUCTION The Nanwenquan anticline is the drape storing geothermal water. The anticline extends from north to south in Chongqing, the Nanwenquan and Xiaoquan in the middle of the anticline [1]. The two hot springs, and geothermal water in the other …     

HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FPSO UNDER VARIUS LOADING IN SURVIVAL STORMS IN SHALLOW WATER

The motion performance and clearance between the hull and seabed of a FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading units) in survival storm conditions are closely related to its safety during the operation in shallow water. As an example the behavior of a 160 kDWT FPSO with single point mooring system in shallow water was investigated in this paper. Calculation for the FPSO is made based on the 3-D linear potential flow theory and time-domain numerical simulation method and corresponding model test is carried out in the wave basin at Shanghai Jiaotong University. Both the calculated and experimental results indicate that the heave, roll and pitch motions of FPSO become lazy with the increase of the draft. And the fully loaded FPSO in survival storm touched seabed few times. Therefore, it is concluded that the FPSO should be less loaded than that in the fully loaded condition when the survival storm is coming.     

河流冰塞的形成与壅水计算

我国北方河流,冬季普遍存在着冰情现象,依据成因不同,将河流冰盖分为热力冰盖和动力冰盖2种.河流冰情分为3种类型,第一种形成热力冰盖,第二种形成动力冰盖,即冰塞,第三种流冰花但不封河.冰塞可分为头部段、稳定段和尾部段3部分,其中冰塞稳定段的水流状态近似于管流,基于管流理论,依据黄河万家寨水库实测冰塞资料时形成冰塞稳定段的各种水力要素进行相关分析,推导出水库冰塞的计算方法.从验证计算和合理性检验两方面看,该方法的计算结果比较合理,可用于计算水库冰塞.     

寒区工业取水口防冰工程新方法的研究

寒冷地区火、核电厂的取水口或取水流道在严冬季节易受到冰块或水内屑冰堵塞，电厂将因取不上水或取水量不够而被迫停产或减负荷运行。本文探讨利用电厂自身排出的含水量废热的温排水缓解取水口及取水流道上的冰情，给出了温排水的融冰能力估算方法，并以我国丹东电厂温排水缓冰工程为例进行了试验研究，所得结论可用于寒带地区的火、核电厂及其他工业用水的取水口工程的防冰、缓冰设计。     

ANALYSIS OF FRAZIL JAM DATA FROM HEQU REACH OF THE YELLOW RIVER

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＦＲＡＺＩＬＪＡＭＤＡＴＡＦＲＯＭＨＥＱＵＲＥＡＣＨＯＦＴＨＥＹＥＬＬＯＷＲＩＶＥＲＷａｎｇＤｅ－ｓｈｅｎｇ；ＳｈｅｎｇＨｕｎｇ－ｔａｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｉｖｉｌａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＵｎ...     

南水北调水内冰对冰期输水的影响及分析

水内冰是北方地区河渠冰期输水出现的主要冰情之一,是形成流冰花、动态冰盖、冰塞的物质基础。根据1994~1997年3个冬季的冰期输水原型观测,归纳总结了水内冰的产生、发展、消失的变化规律及水内冰对冰期输水的影响。     

Comprehensive two-dimensional river ice model based on boundary-fitted coordinate transformation method简

River ice is a natural phenomenon in cold regions, influenced by meteorology, geomorphology, and hydraulic conditions. River ice processes involve complex interactions between hydrodynamic, mechanical, and thermal processes, and they are also influenced by weather and hydrologic conditions. Because natural rivers are serpentine, with bends, narrows, and straight reaches, the commonly-used one-dimensional river ice models and two-dimensional models based on the rectangular Cartesian coordinates are incapable of simulating the physical phenomena accurately. In order to accurately simulate the complicated river geometry and overcome the difficulties of numerical simulation resulting from both complex boundaries and differences between length and width scales, a two-dimensional river ice numerical model based on a boundary-fitted coordinate transformation method was developed. The presented model considers the influence of the frazil ice accumulation under ice cover and the shape of the leading edge of ice cover during the freezing process. The model is capable of determining the velocity field, the distribution of water temperature, the concentration distribution of frazil ice, the transport of floating ice, the progression, stability, and thawing of ice cover, and the transport, accumulation, and erosion of ice under ice cover. A MacCormack scheme was used to solve the equations numerically. The model was validated with field observations from the Hequ Reach of the Yellow River. Comparison of simulation results with field data indicates that the model is capable of simulating the river ice process with high accuracy.     

引水流量对引水渠道中水内冰演变影响的数值模拟

水电站引水渠道中的冰害会影响水电站的安全运行,危害当地人民的人身安全。为开展引水渠道中水内冰演变的研究,建立了三维非稳态欧拉两相流模型,动量方程考虑了相间曳力、升力、虚拟质量力,热量传递方程中考虑了冰水之间的热量传递以及太阳辐射、有效辐射、蒸发热损失、水面对流热损失等。模拟分析了不同引水流量下温度及冰体积分数的沿程分布,结果表明：冰温沿程逐渐升高;水温沿程先降低后升高、沿程出现最低点。冰体积分数沿程存在突变点,且突变点在水温最低点附近。随着引水流量减小,产冰起始位置向渠道上游移动,但最终的产冰量和冰体积分数逐渐减小。通过与黄河上游河道中水内冰演变计算结果对比,验证了模型的可靠性。     

万家寨水库冰情浅议

由于万家寨水库蓄水，库区河道庙不封河转为稳定封冻河段，回水末端到拐上河段受冰花、冰块阻水影响水位壅高，交通水泥厂断面最高壅水6．5m，超过水库设计回水淹没线。作者在现场观察基础上，结合万家寨水库实测冰情资料，对万家寨水库封、开河情况进行了介绍，就流量、流冰密度、库水位及地形等因素对封、开河过程及壅水程度的影响进行了分析。     

明渠冰情预报的数学模型

本文根据寒冷地区输水渠道的冰情建立了冰情预报数学模型，这个模型由一维非恒定流水力学模型和一维热力学模型组成，可以预测渠道的水流特性，水温沿程分布，冰花流量，冰盖形成，冰盖下冰花的传输和堆积，冰盖的热力学增厚和融化，为保证渠道正常运行提供依据。     

黄河河道冰层雷达波特征图谱的现场实验研究

2013年-2014年冬季,利用RIS K2型探地雷达在内蒙古头道拐水文站黄河河道断面开展冰层厚度探测试验。试验使用不同频率天线探测冰厚,并与钻孔实测冰厚对比。结果显示200 MHz频率天线可探测到冰下更深部位的状况,并能够识别出冰花层。利用雷达探测图谱中电磁波传播时间和实测冰厚得到盛冰期雷达电磁波在冰内的实际传播速度为16.3cm/ns;而融化期雷达电磁波在冰内的实际传播速度小于15.0cm/ns。雷达探测结果还显示垂直于河道断面方向的冰层厚度分布不均匀。主流区是以热力学生长的颗粒冰和柱状冰为主,最大冰厚约为60cm;而非主流区是以冰花冰为主,最大冰厚约为70cm。另外,雷达图谱也可以确定冰层裂缝的具体位置、走向。     

冰期输水研究进展

高纬度寒冷地区的河流在冬季结冰是一种普遍现象。冰块堆积，堵塞和聚集形成的冰坝、冰盖和冰塞会导敛河道阻力增加，致使卜游水位上涨，并可能造成冰期洪水，建筑物破坏，航运不畅等危害。研究河冰形成和演变规律，寻求相出的解决办法保证冰期安全输水成为许多国家关心的重要问题。国内外一些学者通过原型观测，试验和数值模拟的方法对水内冰，岸冰，底冰，冰盖和冰塞的生成和演变，封冻河道的阻力、过流能力和水位变化等有关问题进行『，研究。前苏联，加拿大，北欧等国家和地区结合河冰研究的成果，在引水工程中采取各种有效措施，达到了冬季安全引水的目的，积累了许多有价值的经验。由于河冰问题的复杂性，已有的理论成果和工程经验还很不完善．需要进一步的研究。本文对上述河冰问题的研究成果以及冰期输水的一些工程经验作简单介绍。