Bessel光束通过含光阑的球差分数傅里叶变换系统的传输

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,以LohmannⅠ型光学系统为例,推导出Bessel光束通过含光阑的球差分数傅里叶变换系统后的场分布表达式,通过数值模拟计算了Bessel光束在理想分数傅里叶变换系统中的传输特性以及光阑和球差对光束传输的影响规律。研究表明:Bessel光束通过分数傅里叶变换系统后不再保持其传输不变性;系统只含光阑时,可在常规傅里叶变换面上获得空心光束;系统同时存在光阑和球差时,正球差下输出面可获得聚焦性更好、中心光强更强的光束;光阑较小时,轴上光强分布主要受光阑影响,光阑达到一定数值后,轴上光强分布主要受球差影响。     

贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜的聚焦特性

利用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分推导了一种涡漩光束——贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜聚焦后的光场表达式,并利用数值计算分析了球差系数对聚焦光束光强剖面分布的影响。研究表明,通过改变球差系数,可以改变零阶贝塞尔-高斯光束轴上光强最大值点的位置,球差的存在使轴上光强最大值减小。零阶贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜聚焦后不能保持其传输不变性,在几何焦面上光强剖面类似于高斯形分布,而实际焦点所在面上的分布则仍具有零阶贝塞尔函数的特征。对于一阶贝塞尔—高斯光束,球差的存在会改变其横向光强分布。     

单透镜成象的分数傅里里叶变换分析

利用描述光波傍轴传输的光学分数傅里叶变换基本关系式,对单透镜系统进行分析,结果表明,单透镜系统可实现任意阶分数傅里叶变换,Lohmann第一类光学分数傅里叶变换装置是其特例,单透镜成像过程是进行阶次为π的分数傅里叶变换,进一步表明光学分数傅里叶变换的物理实质是光波的菲涅耳衍射。     

超高斯光束经有方环光阑透镜的传输特性

本文详细研究了超矿山斯光束经有方环光阑透镜的传输特性,讨论了遮拦比、球差和超高斯光束的阶数对光强分布的影响。研究表明,使用负球差聚焦透镜可获得比无球差透镜在实际焦面上可聚焦性更好、能量更集中的光束。     

光阑约束和离轴失调Lohmann系统的分数傅里叶变换

为了研究受硬边光阑约束及失调Lohmann光学系统对分数傅里叶变换的影响,采用了平顶多高斯光束模型模拟硬边光阑,推导了平面光波在受硬边光阑约束和系统透镜离轴时的Lohmann 型分数傅里叶变换光学系统中传播的解析表达式;计算机模拟了受半径为7.696cm的硬边光阑约束和透镜离轴失调量时的输出.结果表明,在有硬边光阑约束和离轴失调时Lohmann两种结构并不等效.     

高斯光束经过球差环形透镜的聚焦

本文讨论高斯光束经过球差环形透镜的聚焦。推导并得到了聚焦光场轴上点的光强分布的表示式。并对其进行数值计算。数值计算结果表明,对于负球差的情况下,得到的光强的最大点位置（最佳聚焦点）相对于无球差情况,往透镜方向移动,即焦移增大;并且,最佳聚焦点的光强较无球差时大,当球差环形透镜的中心拦截比ε取一定值时,得到的轴上点光强最大值远大于无球差时的光强最大值。此外,当透镜具有正球差时,聚焦光场的光强最大点（     

一种获得平顶激光光强分布的方法

从Huygens-Fresnel衍射积分出发,计算高斯光束经过初级球差透镜聚焦之后的衍射光场.数值结果表明,当透镜的球差系数为负时,在聚焦光场的两个位置,得到了平顶激光光强分布.还讨论了透镜的菲涅耳数对平顶激光光强分布及其出现位置的影响.结果表明,透镜的菲涅耳数愈小,出现平顶激光光强分布的位置愈往聚焦透镜移动.并且,当透镜的菲涅耳数较小时,平顶激光光强分布的顶部呈现光强调制.计算结果表明,负球差透镜可作为获得平顶激光光强分布的简单方法.     

单透镜成象系统的分数维傅立叶变换分析

在菲涅耳衍射与分数维傅立叶变换关系的理论基础上 ,给出了这一关系的另一表示方式 ,以此理论和透镜的分数维傅立叶变换特性分析了放大率大于 1和小于 1的单透镜成象系统。结果表明 ,作为菲涅耳衍射的分数维傅立叶变换可以与透镜的分数维傅立叶变换组成分数维傅立叶变换群 ,两次分数维傅立叶变换完成了一次成象过程     

分数傅里叶变换面上厄米-拉盖尔-高斯光束的变换特性

为了研究厄米-拉盖尔-高斯(HLG)光束在分数傅里叶变换(FRFT)面上的变换特性,利用柯林斯(Collins)公式,导出了其通过分数傅里叶变换系统后,在分数傅里叶变换面上的光强分布解析式.并利用此解析式作数值计算,研究了其在分数傅里叶变换面上的光强分布特性.研究表明,厄米-拉盖尔-高斯光束在分数傅里叶变换面上的光强分布受参量α,模指数m,n和分数傅里叶变换阶数p的影响.光强分布随p和α周期性变化,周期分别为2,2π.此外,厄米-拉盖尔-高斯光束通过分数傅里叶变换系统后,光束形状保持不变.     

工程数学

()17连.2 01040017单透镜成象系统的分数维傅立叶变换分析/杜良(华东删白工业学l晓)11应用激光.一2000,20(5)一201一204在非涅耳衍射与分数维傅立叶变换关系的理论基础上,给出了这一关系的另一表示方式,以此理论和透镜的分数维傅立叶变换特性分析了放大率大于1和小于1的单透镜成象系统.结果表明,作为非涅耳衍射的分数维傅立叶变换可以与透镜的分数维傅立叶变换组成分数维傅立叶变换群,两次分数维傅立叶变换完成了一次成象过程.图5参5(许)573基于积分小波变换研究了1/f信号的表示,给出了用小波逆变换产生1/f信号的基本条件.为了进一步说明这…     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks