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果蔬采摘欠驱动机械手爪设计及其力控制 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
为了实现果蔬的无损采摘,采用欠驱动原理设计出一种结构更简单、通用性更强的末端执行器。欠驱动机构是指驱动器数目少于机构本身自由度数目的机构,基于欠驱动原理设计的机械手结构简单可靠,抓取物体时具有形状自适应能力,手指可完全包络物体,可以通过最大接触力的闭环力反馈控制来实现无损采摘。基于这一设计思想设计出仅靠一个电动机驱动三个手指的机械手爪,通过理论分析、手爪机构设计与建模、结构参数优化,确定设计尺寸制出机械手爪,设计控制电路结合力反馈控制进行抓取试验。试验结果表明该手爪能实现期望的抓取与最大接触力控制功能,并具有控制简单可靠、抓取稳定、不损伤果实等特点。 相似文献
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为解决机器人自动装配、医学康复断指再造等多接触抓取装置驱动元件多,结构复杂且笨重的问题,设计了一种灵巧节能的单自由度仿真机械手的驱动机构,推导了各指节间的运动关系方程,利用ADAMS建立了其参数化仿真模型,分析了特定构件尺寸的机构运动轨迹与人手抓取轨迹的差距,进而提出满足人手抓取轨迹、驱动力矩小、各构件尺寸小的驱动机构的优化数学模型,经NSGA-II算法获得与人手抓取轨迹相差无几的多个最优方案,并用参数化模型进行了验证。设计结果表明,所提出的驱动机构仅需一个驱动元件即能实现手指各关节的灵巧运动,且结构尺寸小,满足节能环保的要求,是仿真机械手设计的新尝试。 相似文献
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传统机器人手在平夹模式下,其手指末端的运动轨迹为圆弧,难以精确捏持薄板物体。针对传统机器人手的不足,设计一种可实现直线平夹精确捏持和自适应包络通用抓取的机器人手,分析了该机器人手的工作原理,结构组成,并且对机器人手抓取模式、平夹抓取最大抓取质量和自适应包络抓取特性进行分析,为优化机器人手设计提供依据。研制了机器人手样机,并在手指表面安置了压力传感器实时监测抓取过程中的受力情况,开展了定性抓取实验和定量测试实验,通过对传感器反馈数据进行分析,得出了机器人手在不同抓取模式、抓取不同特性物体时的受力情况,验证了机器人手抓取性能。 相似文献
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Robotic fingers, which are the key parts of robot hand, are divided into two main kinds: dexterous fingers and under-actuated fingers. Although dexterous fingers are agile, they are too expensive. Under-actuated fingers can grasp objects self-adaptively, which makes them easy to control and low cost, on the contrary, under-actuated function makes fingers feel hard to grasp things agilely enough and make many gestures. For the purpose of designing a new finger which can grasp things dexterously, perform many gestures and feel easy to control and maintain, a concept called "gesture-changeable under-actuated" (GCUA) function is put forward. The GCUA function combines the advantages of dexterous fingers and under-actuated fingers: a pre-bending function is embedded into the under-actuated finger. The GCUA finger can not only perform self-adaptive grasping function, but also actively bend the middle joint of the finger. On the basis of the concept, a GCUA finger with 2 joints is designed, which is realized by the coordination of screw-nut transmission mechanism, flexible drawstring constraint and pulley-belt under-actuated mechanism.Principle analyses of its grasping and the design optimization of the GCUA finger are given. An important problem of how to stably grasp an object which is easy to glide is discussed. The force analysis on gliding object in grasping process is introduced in detail. A GCUA finger with 3 joints is developed. Many experiments of grasping different objects by of the finger were carried out. The experimental results show that the GCUA finger can effectively realize functions of pre-bending and self-adaptive grasping, the grasping processes are stable. The GCUA finger excels under-actuated fingers in dexterity and gesture actions and it is easier to control and cheaper than dexterous hands, becomes the third kinds of finger. 相似文献
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Eun-Hye Kim Seok-Won Lee Yong-Kwun Lee 《International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing》2011,12(2):227-235
This paper describes a development of bio-mimetic robot hand and its control scheme. This robot hand has four independently
moving fingers, which are driven by four-coupled link mechanism with two linear actuators. By using the linear actuators,
we make the hand similar to human hand in its structure and motion. The coupled link mechanism makes the hand compact in structure
and efficient in power. The robot hand is designed considering the dexterity and the compact size suited for various tools
and objects in daily life. The hand has tactile sensors mounted on the palm and the fingertips at each finger. With tactile
sensor based feedback control and force closure method, the paper shows the control of the robot hand which is very stable
in grasping and handling various objects. 相似文献
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对四指仿人灵巧手的结构及单手指运动学及动力学进行了分析,为深入地研究该灵巧手的控制提供了理论依据。在ADAMS中进行了灵巧手抓取物体仿真实验,实时得到手指与抓取物体间的接触力值。并利用有限元方法分析了灵巧手在强力抓取时的手指结构的力学性能,验证了该灵巧手可以达到实现设计目标所要求的抓取载荷。为抓取实验提供了抓取物体重量的理论分析依据。 相似文献
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在分析人手生物学特性的基础上,提出了一种新的外骨骼式机械手,用于创伤手指的术后康复治疗。基于模块化思想设计了外骨骼手机构本体,该外骨骼手可以适应不同人手长度,能够驱动手指进行独立的弯曲和内收/外展康复运动;康复过程要求外骨骼手能够实时反馈手指关节的角度和力信息,同时保证康复力始终垂直作用于指骨以避免损坏关节周围的软组织。对外骨骼手关节单自由度和二自由度构型进行了分析,建立了外骨骼手的运动学模型,给出了外骨骼手的运动学和动力学方程。以ARM微处理器为核心,建立了基于SPI总线的外骨骼手控制系统。最后,进行了外骨骼手的运动学和动力学仿真验证及食指弯曲方向康复实验研究。实验结果表明,创伤手指康复外骨骼手系统康复原理和方法正确可行,实验的重复性误差5%,表明外骨骼手系统能够满足创伤手指康复要求。 相似文献
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一种欠驱动多指杆机器人手 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9
提出的欠驱动多指杆机器人手能用直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。本文描述了三指多指杆手的工作原理,手指位移与力分析,这种手抓取物体的适应性,稳定性,抓力都优于常规手爪,提出的手指结构能减少控制复杂性,重量和成本,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。 相似文献
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在许多工业应用中,常要求机器人手结构简单,操作灵巧,控制容易,且具有较高的操作适应性,开发的欠驱动两指多指节机器人手仅用一台驱动电机就能以直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。文中描述了欠驱动两指多指节手的结构,工作原理与手指位移分析,与现有的欠驱动机器人手相比,这种多指节机器人手的结构更为简单紧凑,且能减少控制的复杂性,重量和成本,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。 相似文献