基于硅基光子学的2维相控阵真时延网络

为了实现大规模2维相控阵天线的光学真时延系统, 采用基于硅基光子学的二进制硅基集成二进制光延迟线技术, 提出一种2维相控阵(N×N)真时延网络, 利用2维相控阵结构的对称性以及行延迟和列延迟的独立控制, 真时延网络的复杂度可以降低至(N-1)/2(N为奇数)或N/2(N为偶数)。理论分析了该时延控制方案和集成时延芯片的设计, 以8×8的2维相控阵为例, 设计实现了包含4种硅基二进制时延线的真时延芯片, 测量了该芯片的时延量, 并针对测量的时延量仿真分析了2维相控阵天线的波束扫描特性。结果表明, 该真时延网络能够满足相控阵天线波束指向要求(角度误差小于0.5°); 集成光学技术的采用减小系统的体积和成本。该研究为大规模2维相控阵天线的真时延网络实现提供了一种可行的方法。     

Integrated Electro-Absorption Modulation DFB Laser Based Optical True Time-Delay Feeder for X-Band Phased Array Antennas

A 4-bit optical true-time-delay feeder incorporating an integrated electro-absorption modulation distributed feedback (DFB) laser for X-band phased array antennas is demonstrated. The integrated electro-absorption modulation DFB laser is an attractive device that provides a very compact, low-cost solution for optical true-time-delay systems. The variable delay line is constructed by cascaded magneto-optic switches, which have fast switching speed. The integrated electro-absorption modulation DFB laser system shows high signal-to-noise ratio up to 58dB, and the transmission performance of the system is relatively good and accredited.     

A fully integrated 10-Gb/s tapped delay Hilbert transformer for optical single sideband

A 10-Gb/s SiGe HBT tapped delay Hilbert transformer (HT) integrated circuit (IC) is described. The four tap filter uses an integrated LC transmission line with a total delay of 180ps, and the HT has a nominal group delay of 120ps. The circuit is fabricated in a 47-GHz f/sub T/ SiGe HBT process and consumes 112mW from a -3.3-V supply. Measured s-parameters and time domain waveforms are shown to agree with theory. Measurements of a 10-Gb/s optical single sideband system indicate that 7dB of broadband sideband suppression is obtainable using the IC.     

Optoelectronic 10 Gbit/s code generation by a picosecond photoconductive device

A high-speed silicon-on-sapphire photoconductive switch activated by an optical picosecond pulse code is used as a 10 Gbit/s electrical pulse code generator. The optical pulse code is generated by a picosecond pulse train which passes a multiple beam path optical delay line and can be manipulated by spatial filtering.     

以自激注入锁定方式生成边模抑制比高的可调谐双波长超短光脉冲

介绍一种简单的以自激注入锁定方式、生成边模抑制比改善的、可调谐双波长超短光脉冲的实验系统．系统通过调整两个Bragg光纤光栅和光延迟线,可方便地调谐两个不同波长及其间距,从而获得双波长光脉冲输出．实验显示,在20．7nm的波长调谐范围内,可获得边模抑制比接近或高于30dB的双波长光脉冲输出．系统简单,且波长调谐方便．     

Continuously Variable Optical Delay Line Based on a Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating

In this letter, a continuously variable optical delay line (ODL), useful for phased array antennas, is experimentally demonstrated. The ODL operates at a single optical wavelength and it is based on a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG). Continuous true time delay is achieved by changing the temperature of the LCFBG. In order to limit the actuating temperature range, the grating was bonded to a metallic support and the effect of the thermal apparent strain was considered. The time-delay response of the system is measured with an optical signal modulated with double sideband technique at a frequency of 2 GHz. The experimental results demonstrate a time-delay resolution of 3.1 ps employing a temperature controller with a stability of plusmn0.1 degC and a maximum time delay of 96 ps over a temperature range of 16 degC-40degC. The time-delay-temperature characteristic offers a slope of 3.8 ps/degC with a mean-square deviation from the linearity of 3.5 ps. Such a delay line, by operating at a single optical wavelength and by using a simple actuating system, offers many advantages being low cost, compactness, and reliability. The main limitation to the ODL resolution is due to the amplitude ripple of the LCFBG used and a performance enhancement can be obtained with specifically tailored LCFBG     

Realization of true-time delay lines based on acoustooptics

A true-time optical delay line for short radiofrequency (RF) pulses using path length dispersion is proposed. It is an optical implementation of the linear phase-shift theorem of the Fourier transformation. Acoustooptic signal processing is used for conversion into the optical frequency domain and for spatial Fourier decomposition of the pulse. The processing of the pulse is obtained by differentially phase shifting the particular frequency components, followed by a heterodyne reconversion into the RF domain. The optical system is intended to be used for delaying, but also for shaping and filtering of RF pulses, mainly in phased array radar antennas. Theoretical analysis of the system principle is given together with experimental results, demonstrating 2-μs time delay of 0.5-μs-long pulses with maximum optical phase shift of 1.2π. A detailed theoretical and experimental bandwidth analysis is carried out, pointing to the main technical problems and their solutions     

采用可调谐激光器提高光纤延迟线精度的研究

为了提高一种3bit可变光纤延迟线的延时精度,提出一种采用可调谐激光器作为系统光源的技术,利用光纤的材料色散特性即光纤的折射率随传输波长变化而改变的特点,来改变延时光纤中信号存储的时间,从而达到提高光纤延迟线延时精度的目的。仿真结果表明,采用该种技术的光纤延迟线系统,平均延时误差从4.1ps下降到了1.3ps,延时精度得到了显著提高。     

X波段可编程光钎传输微波延迟系统

介绍了X波段可编程光纤传输微波延迟系统的基本工作原理及系统组成。叙述了该系统的研制过程,包括:光发射模块、光接收模块和光纤延迟链路的设计。微波延迟系统具有低插入损耗、低延迟相关损耗,输出幅度稳定,快速延迟切换速度(<0.5 ms)等优点以及单板机编程和计算机控制界面。该延迟系统传输微波频率范围:9~11 GHz,延迟时间范围为1.013 3~1.646 7μs,延迟精度为0.5 ns,延迟时间可以在1.013 3~1.646 7μs范围内步进调节,延迟时间控制实现了计算机控制。     

Theoretical analysis of high-repetition rate optical-pulsemultiplication using fiber-coupler loop configuration

A new approach to generate ultrahigh-repetition rate optical pulses is proposed and analyzed theoretically. It is different from conventional approaches, which use fiber or integrated waveguide delay line circuits. The high-repetition-rate optical-pulse multiplication phenomenon occurs when the optical pulse's spectral width is greater than the transfer bandwidth of the coupler used. From the analysis, pulse doubling at repetition rates beyond the hundred-GHz range can be achieved using an all-fiber low-loss wavelength-division coupler with a looped end. The output repetition rate can be controlled by using fiber couplers with different equivalent transfer bandwidths     

光控相控阵多通道芯片集成方案研究

光控相控阵的延时网络借助于光电子器件实现宽带微波模拟信号处理,有效突破了电子瓶颈的限制。针对光控相控阵中多通道光延时网络芯片全集成架构,进行了深入论证,研究了光延时网络中激光源、载波抑制及延时精度等因素的影响。提出了一种可用于光控相控阵设计的多通道全集成光芯片的架构方案,并搭建了S频段光链路实验平台验证。结果表明,基于该多通道架构方案的延时网络可实现宽带范围内射频增益合成。     

基于微环延时的宽带相控阵天线系统

微环作为一种典型的平面光波导回路,具有结构紧凑、性能可靠等特点,而用其制成的波导延时芯片集成度高、体积小,与其他光延时器件相比,更适合于贴近阵面安装。因此提出了一种基于阵元级微环延时、子阵级光纤延时的宽带相控阵天线系统,并在均匀线阵的情况下,对所提天线系统进行了数学建模和性能仿真。由仿真结果可知,与一般的阵元级移相、子阵级光纤延时的相控阵系统相比,所提系统能够更有效地满足电子对抗宽带宽角扫描的需求。     

Synchronously Loaded Optical Packet Buffer

Synchronous optical packet buffering is demonstrated utilizing a fiber-based synchronizer with a photonic integrated circuit packet buffer. Asynchronously arriving packets are optically synchronized to a local frame clock and loaded synchronously into the optical buffer. The synchronizer is a four-stage design with a resolution of 853 ps and a dynamic tuning range of 12.8 ns. The optical packet buffer consists of an integrated 2 × 2 InP switch coupled to a silica-on-silicon 12.8-ns delay line. Packet recovery measurements of 40-B return-to-zero packets at 40 Gb/s show-error free performance for several combinations of synchronizer and buffer delays.     

Multimode Si-wire waveguides for integrated optical delay lines

A delay line of multimode Si-wire waveguide folded with 45deg mirror bends is described. A 17 cm waveguide with a core size of 1times3 mum² was integrated in an area of 0.85 mm². The waveguide generated a constant group delay of 2 ns in the entire C-band with a typical optical loss of 14 dB. It also exhibited an error-free operation for 10 Gbit/s optical data signals.     

A 20-Gb/s Quadrature Phase-Shift-Keying Real-Time Coherent System Based on a Subcarrier Optical Phase-Locked Loop

A 20-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) homodyne coherent system was analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. This system is based on subcarrier optical phase-locked loop (SC-OPLL) and it works in real time. In this letter, we present a brief optical receiver analysis and the transmission system performance in terms of simulations and experimental results. We also show that the QPSK system works but it is affected by loop propagation delay effects due to the prototypal implementation. The delay loop effects can be mitigated by an SC-OPLL integrated realization.     

A 5 bit fiber delay line based on magneto-optic switch

In order to fulfill the reliability requirements in field application, the high reliability magneto-optic (MO) switches are used to realize an optical true time delay (OTTD) line. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of MO switch, then the topologies of OTTD are analyzed. Latter, two key supporting aspects are put forward, including measuring method and integrated structure design. In this article, we present and demonstrate a 5 bit optical fiber delay line (FDL) based on MO switches and fiber. The FDL exhibits the maximal delay error of 2.98 ps in 32 states.     

Effects of inductance on the propagation delay and repeaterinsertion in VLSI circuits

A closed-form expression for the propagation delay of a CMOS gate driving a distributed RLC line is introduced that is within 5% of dynamic circuit simulations for a wide range of RLC loads. It is shown that the error in the propagation delay if inductance is neglected and the interconnect is treated as a distributed RC line can be over 35% for current on-chip interconnect. It is also shown that the traditional quadratic dependence of the propagation delay on the length of the interconnect for RC lines approaches a linear dependence as inductance effects increase. On-chip inductance is therefore expected to have a profound effect on traditional high-performance integrated circuit (IC) design methodologies. The closed-form delay model is applied to the problem of repeater insertion in RLC interconnect. Closed-form solutions are presented for inserting repeaters into RLC lines that are highly accurate with respect to numerical solutions. RC models can create errors of up to 30% in the total propagation delay of a repeater system as compared to the optimal delay if inductance is considered. The error between the RC and RLC models increases as the gate parasitic impedances decrease with technology scaling. Thus, the importance of inductance in high-performance very large scale integration (VLSI) design methodologies will increase as technologies scale     

A deformable mirror-based optical beamforming system for phasedarray antennas

Microwave carrier generation along with the signal processing required for dynamic beamsteering of a high-resolution phased array antenna with an arbitrary radiation pattern is accomplished using optical components. It is shown that a deformable mirror type spatial light modulator can establish a truly arbitrary continuous optical phasefront which is directly converted to spatial RF phase information by an optical heterodyne system. Experimental results simulating the performance of the actual system are presented. A spatially integrated optical implementation providing mechanical stability and essentially eliminating the drift problems usually encountered in free space systems is presented     

Multi-Stage Mach–Zehnder Based Continuously Tunable Photonic Delay Line

Wireless Personal Communications - A multi-stage Mach–Zehnder based integrated continuously tunable optical delay line with a large tunability range, increase transmission bandwidth and the...     

Wave-coupled LiNbO/sub 3/ electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation

A new technique of phase velocity matching in electrooptic modulators was demonstrated. The results show that the phase velocity mismatch due to material dispersion in traveling-wave LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguide modulators can be greatly reduced by breaking the modulation transmission line into short segments and connecting each segment to its own surface dipole antenna. The array of antennas is then illuminated by the modulation signal from below at the proper angle to produce a delay from antenna to antenna that matches the optical waveguide's delay. A phase modulator 25 mm in length with five antennas and five transmission line segments was operated from 4.6 to 13 GHz with a maximum phase modulation sensitivity of over 100 degrees /W/sup 1/2/.<>