降低柴油机NOX排放的机外措施

NOx是柴油机排气中的主要有害排放物，机外措施是控制柴油机NOx排放的有效措施，是柴油机排放控制的关键技术之一。本文介绍的降低柴油机NOx排放的机外措施有：稀NOx技术，等离子体技术，NOx的吸附一催化技术，选择性催化还原技术。     

柴油机排放控制技术的发展

简要介绍柴油机的有害排放物质，重点回顾近几年柴油机排放控制技术的进展。提出现代柴油机有害排放物的控制是一个综合的、系统的工程，以改进柴油机设计技术为核心，与燃料改质和排气后处理系统相结合将是未来降低排放研究的主要思路。并对柴油机排放控制技术未来的研究重点进行了预测。     

船用大功率柴油机排放控制与测试

随着人们环保意识的增强，船用柴油机作为一个重要的污染源已引起高度重视。IMO的《MARPOL73／78防污公约》议定书附则VI第13条对柴油机规定的NOX排放限制也即将生效，故开展船用柴油机排放控制，测量技术的研究，对改善我国船用柴油机排放水平，提高产品竞争力有着积极的指导意义。本文主要介绍当前国际上船用柴油机排放技术的研究动态，控制排放的措施，排放测试标准，程序，仪器及测量要求等。     

SCR降低柴油机NO_x排放的理论研究和试验验证

SCR是降低柴油机NOx排放的有效措施,是柴油机NOx排放控制的关键技术。介绍了SCR技术降低柴油机NOx排放的工作机理、SCR系统构成、SCR技术在大幅度降低NOx排放方面的优势以及影响SCR系统性能稳定性的因素。SCR技术可使产品柴油机达到欧Ⅳ排放水平,最后介绍了车用柴油机SCR技术还需要解决的问题。     

SCR降低柴油机NOx排放的理论研究和试验验证

SCR是降低柴油机NOx排放的有效措施,是柴油机NOx排放控制的关键技术。介绍了SCR技术降低柴油机NOx排放的工作机理、SCR系统构成、SCR技术在大幅度降低NOx排放方面的优势以及影响SCR系统性能稳定性的因素。SCR技术可使产品柴油机达到欧Ⅳ排放水平,最后介绍了车用柴油机SCR技术还需要解决的问题。     

车用柴油机排放控制现状与技术进展

本文简要介绍了车用柴油机排气污染的特点，分析了我国车用柴油机排放控制现状和存在的主要问题。针对目前国内外的研究状况，从燃料、燃烧和排气后处理三方面概述了控制柴油机排放的技术措施，并总结了车用柴油机达到欧一Ⅲ排放标准所需采取的技术对策。     

人工神经网络技术在柴油机排放控制中应用

以柴油机排放控制为例，讨论了神经网络技术在柴油机中应用的前景，提出了神经网络软测量的概念，建立了基于柴油机排放控制的模糊神经网络控制模型，并应用神经网络技术实现了柴油机ＮＯｘ排放量和油耗率的优化控制。     

影响柴油机发展的相关因素及对策

本文主要阐述影响柴油机发展的相关因素及对策，众所周知，排放和能源是柴油机存在和发展的两大要素，满足环境保护法规和适应市场竞争是柴油机技术不断进步的动力。９０年代，研究低污染，低噪声、低能耗、高可靠性是柴油机技术的发展趋势。     

废气再循环在柴油机中的应用

本文回顾了废气再循环（EGR）在减少排放，特别是减少NOx排放上的潜力以及限定这一技术的应用范围。详细分析了RGR装置对柴油机的排放和性能的影响，通过深入分析，发现在柴油机进气中引入废气再循环（EGR），相当如置换了部分吸入的空气，这种方式能充分减少NOx的排放。因此，废气再循环的使用是最有效改善尾气排放的技术措施之一。     

影响柴油机发展的相关因素及对策

本文主要阐述影响柴油机发展的相关因素及对策。众所周知，排放和能源是柴油机存在和发展的两大要素，满足环境保护法规和适应市场竞争是柴油机技术不断进步的动力。９０年代，研究低污染、低噪声、低能耗、高可靠性是柴油机技术的发展趋势     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996