A NOVEL INTEGER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATOR FOR OFDM

One of the principal disadvantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） is very sensitive to carrier frequency offset. The integer frequency offset has no effect on the orthogonality among the subcarriers, but it causes a circular shift and phase rotation of the received data symbols sequence, resulting in a Bit Error Rate（BER） of 0.5. In this paper, a novel integer frequency offset estimator for OFDM is derived based on maximum likelihood estimation technique and exploration of the differential relation between two consecutive OFDM data symbol sequences in frequency domain. Its performance is compared with the conventional method by computer simulations for the additive white Gaussian noise channel and a multipath fading channel. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimator is better than the conventional estimator.     

一种高效的OFDM载波频偏盲估计方法

针对正交频分复用（OFDM）系统,提出了一种低复杂度、高性能的载波频偏盲估计 方法。该方法充分利用载波频偏估计代价函数在一定区间内的单谷特性,采用黄金分割法搜 索载波频偏估计代价函数极值,从而大大降低其计算复杂度。最后对该方法和Tureli′s MU SIC-like(TML)载波频偏估计方法在加性高斯白噪声信道和多径信道环境下进行了仿真,结 果表明, 在同等条件下该方法的计算复杂度大大低于TML载波频偏估计方法。     

Joint estimation of carrier frequency offset, dc offset and I/Q imbalance for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion receiver (DCR) are vulnerable to carrier frequency offset (CFO), dc offset (DCO) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. In this paper, we propose blind estimator for joint estimation of CFO, DCO and I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems with DCR. Simulation results show that performance of proposed estimator approaches Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) asymptotically, which demonstrates its effectiveness.     

Particle filter with ant colony optimization for frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems with unknown noise distribution

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) that causes inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, a particle filter (PF) method augmented with ant colony optimization (ACO) is developed to estimate the CFO. The ACO for continuous domains is incorporated into PF to optimize the sampling process. Unlike the standard PF, resampling is not required in the method. Moreover, it does not require the noise distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective when estimating the CFO and can effectively combat the effect of ICI in OFDM systems.     

基于循环前缀的OFDM系统频偏自适应跟踪算法

为了减小正交频分复用系统受频率偏差的影响,本文提出了基于循环前缀的频偏自适应跟踪算法,该算法利用循环前缀,对载波频偏进行跟踪.文中用最陡下降法和变步长自适应算法进行了计算机仿真,给出了频偏跟踪曲线和BPSK的星座图.理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法运算复杂度低,并具有较好的收敛性,能够改善解调性能.     

无线局域网环境中OFDM系统频偏综合估计

本文提出了一种针对IEEE802．11a OFDM系统频偏综合估计算法，该算法分两个过程对OFDM频偏进行估计；捕获过程和跟踪过程，计算机仿真表明，该算法在不降低估计误差均方差的情况下，相对于其它使用前导字进行频偏跟踪的算法能够提供更大的频偏估计范围，具有更高的频率和更低的计算复杂度。     

LTE系统中一种串行的整数倍频偏和扇区检测算法

在LTE系统中,用户终端( UE )在开机后首先会进行小区搜索。针对传统的小区搜索方案中整数倍载波频偏( ICFO)和扇区ID是通过利用主同步信号( PSS)进行联合检测这一问题,提出了一种串行的整数倍频偏和扇区ID估计算法。该算法利用PSS的对称性,将ICFO和扇区ID进行分开检测,通过对接收的频域PSS进行归一化差分相关,消除了信道的影响,从而增强了检测性能。将联合估计算法和提出的串行估计算法进行仿真对比,结果表明提出的算法相较于传统方法可以取得更好的检测精度,并且运算复杂度仅为传统方法的1/3。     

基于OFDM无线通信系统的线性回归频偏估计算法

为了适应 60 GHz新型 WiFi 对频偏同步的要求, 提出了一种基于 IEEE802.11ad - 2012 修正案系统 的 线性回归频偏估计 (LROE)算法 。 算法将接收到的前导序列与本地序列进行互相关运 算,然后提取 互相关 值的 相位角进行线性回归计算 , 估计出频偏值。 从理论 推导了算法在高斯信道和多径信道下 的 抗噪声 和 抗多径 性能。 在 多径 信道仿真中, 本算法 的频偏 估计精度优于传统自相关算法 3个 数量级, 满足了系统 对高精度频偏估计的要求。 在全系统仿真中,对比研究了本算法和自相关算法对系统 误比特率(BER)性能 的影响, 并与无频偏对照组仿真进行对比。 LROE 算法的 BER 明显优于自相关算法。 仿真研究表明, LROE 算法基 本消除了频偏对系统BER的影响, 其性能 达到了无频偏 系统 的效果 ,达到了 60GHz 系统对频偏同步的 要求。     

基于星座点特征的OFDM残留频偏跟踪算法

残留频偏会导致星座点发生旋转,而且这种旋转与时间有关,时间越长,旋转越大。若残留频偏长时间得不到校正,将会使星座点旋转到其他象限从而出现判决错误,使系统的性能急剧恶化。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于星座点特征的残留频偏跟踪算法。该算法要求在信道估计之后完成,并假定一个OFDM帧内的信道频率响应保持不变。该算法包括三个步骤,首先将每个OFDM符号的星座点划分为四个子集,然后对每个子集的均值求相位角获得相位误差,最后经环路滤波器输出一个校正量补偿时域频偏。由于残留频偏估计值的提取充分利用了所有数据子载波信息,并对每个子集进行了求均值处理,所以有效的改善了环路的输入信噪比。它适用于子载波为QPSK或QAM调制的OFDM系统,不同的子载波调制方式跟踪范围不同,最大跟踪范围为±0.05个子载波间隔。仿真表明:新算法性能要优于基于循环前缀的算法,与基于导频的跟踪算法性能相当。      

Low complexity estimation of carrier and sampling frequency offsets in burst‐mode OFDM systems

We study communications under slowly varying channels, and consider three cases of knowledge of the channel impulse response (CIR): full knowledge, no knowledge, and partial knowledge of the CIR. By partial knowledge, we refer to knowing only either the CIR magnitudes or the CIR phases. It is known that obtaining the exact joint maximum‐likelihood estimate (MLE) of the CFO and the SFO requires a two‐dimensional search. Here, we present a new estimation method which uses the Taylor expansion of the MLE cost function, combined with the best linear unbiased estimator, to obtain a method which does not require such a search. The computational complexity of the new method is evaluated. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new method approaches the corresponding Cramér‐Rao bound for a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios, and has superior performance compared to all other existing methods for approximating the solution for the joint MLE, while maintaining a low computational complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

OFDM-IDMA系统的迭代频偏估计及补偿

针对OFDM IDMA系统中载波频偏(CFO)带来的子载波之间的干扰问题,提出了在各用户具有相同频偏下的联合逐码片(构的信号作为虚拟的训练序列进行频域频偏估计,同时进行相应的时域频偏补偿.理论分析及实验仿真结果表明:基于逐码片迭代检测的近无频偏时的性能CBC)迭代检测的载波同步方法.该方法利用迭代检测中的外信息重OFDM IDMA系统的频偏估计和补偿方法能够使系统性能接     

A frequency offset estimation algorithm for OFDM systems

A new fine carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system is proposed. The correlation item is the training sequence instead of the received signal in the new algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the new algorithm is 4dB-9dB better than that of Schmidl＇s algorithm. Coarse frequency offset estimation is also discussed in this paper, which is the improvement of Zhang＇s method. The estimation range using the improvement method is twice as that using the Zhang＇s method. Based on the hardware of the receiver and the improved algorithm, a method using Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） is proposed to implement the coarse frequency estimation. The chip area of OFDM system can be reduced by using the proposed method.     

OFDM系统中一种新型盲载波频偏估计

正交频分复用(OFDM)是一种能够有效地抗频率选择性衰落的技术。由于载波频偏的存在会引起载波间干扰,导致系统性能的严重下降。在分析载波频偏对系统影响的基础上,提出了一种联合译码的新型盲频偏估计算法。该算法只需要一个OFDM符号,将BICM译码的硬判决反馈信息作为虚拟训练序列,利用该反馈信号与接收信号的相关性进行频偏估计。通过BICM迭代译码,更新译码反馈信息,提高频偏估计精度。仿真结果表明,提出的算法经过3次迭代,可以有效地进行频偏估计。     

PILOT－BASED FREQUENCY OFFSET DETECTION SCHEME IN OFDM SYSTEM

The frequency offset information is extracted from local pilot amplitude characteristics, which suffer much less distortion in frequency-selective fading channels than those utilizing frequency domain correlation techniques. Simulation shows that the performance of this scheme has better performance than the existing frequency domain pilot-based frequency offset detection scheme.     

一种零前缀OFDM系统的符号同步和载频估计算法

提出一种在零前缀正交频分复用(ZP-OFDM)系统中,估计符号定时和载波频偏的算法.算法根据ZP-OFDM系统的零前缀特性,利用双滑动窗口检测能量的分布来完成符号定时同步;同时,给出一种改进的平均法估计小数倍频率偏移.通过分析和仿真可以看出,无论是在白高斯噪声信道还是多径信道,具有一个训练符号的ZP-OFDM系统可以准确而有效的估计符号定时和频率偏差.     

OFDM整数倍频偏ML估计方法的性能分析

提出了一种新的基于最大似然(ML)估计理论的OFDM整数倍频偏估计方法。讨论了新的和传统的整数倍频偏估计方法的均值和方差特性，分析比较了两种方法的错误估计概率。通过计算机仿真进行了验证，仿真结果和讨论分析结果相一致。     

低复杂度的OFDM粗频偏估计算法

提出了一种低复杂度的OFDM粗频偏估计方法,这种方法综合利用单个OFDM训练符号中的相位信息和幅度信息,先通过一个能量滑动窗进行频偏搜索确定可能发生的频偏,然后再根据符号相位相关性进行判断。仿真结果表明,本算法在多径衰落信道下,与传统算法性能保持相当的同时具有运算量小的优点。     

基于遗传算法的OFDM高精度盲频偏估计器

针对正交频分复用系统频偏估计问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的高精度盲频偏估计器。该算法首先将带载波间干扰的正交频分复用系统视为正交码分多址接入系统,将载波间干扰系数视为码分多址接入系统的扩频码,利用估计的载波频偏构造扩频码,进而重建接收信号;然后利用重建信号跟实际接收信号最小重建误差原则构造了盲频偏估计的代价函数,并设计了对应于遗传算法的适应度函数;最后利用遗传算法强大的并行搜索和全局寻优能力,通过最小化代价函数求得最佳频偏估值。仿真结果表明,所提算法具有较高的估计精度,低信噪比下性能显著,有效降低了时间复杂度,且不受频偏估计范围和信号调制类型的限制。     

A spectrum‐efficient integer frequency offset estimator of mobile OFDM system in double selective channels

We put forward a novel frequency offset estimator for burst orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems under double selective fading channels. With the help of pilot bits and channel estimates in frequency domain, we calculate the delay power spectrum (DPS) of multi‐path channels and estimate the integer carrier frequency offset (CFO), in which the FFT‐realized (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm is computation effective. Additionally, the pseudo noise (PN) sequence is proposed to act as a pilot signal to extend the estimation range. Yet the algorithm uses pilots instead of preambles, resulting in higher spectrum efficiency than conventional methods. Simulations show high accuracy and robustness in a wide range of terminal velocities (time‐selectivity) and signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种克服载波频偏的帧同步新方法

研究了基于对接收信号序列和本地序列进行互相关的帧同步方法。当接收信号存在较大载波频偏时,互相关结果的峰值与无载波频偏的情况相比将显著减小。因此,提出了一种基于分段互相关的帧同步方法,首先将相关窗分为数段,分别对各段接收信号子序列和本地子序列进行互相关,并将各段的相关结果合并后作为帧同步检测量。仿真结果表明,提出的帧同步方法在存在较大载波频偏的情况下仍然能够准确检测出帧起始位置。此外,该方法仅需在滑动互相关器的基础上添加少量的乘法器和加法器,因而具有较低的实现复杂度和较高的资源率用率。