开放源码软件综述

开放源码不仅提出了一种新型的软件开发模式,同时也倡导了一种新型的软件商务理念,成为软件业关注的焦点.侧重从政府、公司、开放源码三者相互作用和影响的角度,归纳了开放源码软件发展的历史,给出了开放源码软件的定义,介绍了开放源码的许可证制度和理论模型,分析了公司和政府的开放源码运动,最后总结了开放源码亟需解决的问题和发展趋势.     

Open source molecular modeling

The success of molecular modeling and computational chemistry efforts are, by definition, dependent on quality software applications. Open source software development provides many advantages to users of modeling applications, not the least of which is that the software is free and completely extendable. In this review we categorize, enumerate, and describe available open source software packages for molecular modeling and computational chemistry. An updated online version of this catalog can be found at https://opensourcemolecularmodeling.github.io.     

Identifying exogenous drivers and evolutionary stages in FLOSS projects

The success of a Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) project has been evaluated in the past through the number of commits made to its configuration management system, number of developers and number of users. Most studies, based on a popular FLOSS repository (SourceForge), have concluded that the vast majority of projects are failures.This study’s empirical results confirm and expand conclusions from an earlier and more limited work. Not only do projects from different repositories display different process and product characteristics, but a more general pattern can be observed. Projects may be considered as early inceptors in highly visible repositories, or as established projects within desktop-wide projects, or finally as structured parts of FLOSS distributions. These three possibilities are formalized into a framework of transitions between repositories.The framework developed here provides a wider context in which results from FLOSS repository mining can be more effectively presented. Researchers can draw different conclusions based on the overall characteristics studied about an Open Source software project’s potential for success, depending on the repository that they mine. These results also provide guidance to OSS developers when choosing where to host their project and how to distribute it to maximize its evolutionary success.     

开源软件版本发布与开源社区贡献评估的关系实证研究

软件版本发布这一软件管理活动不仅直接影响开源软件用户的使用体验,同时也会在一定程度上影响着开源社区的贡献评估过程。针对此问题,对开源软件版本发布与开源社区贡献评估的关系展开实证研究,着重分析软件版本发布对贡献的第一次评估反馈以及接受概率的影响。根据实验结果,对目前的开源社区提出相应的实践建议,以促进开源社区更加有效地管理软件版本发布与贡献评估之间的关系,使得开源社区能够更加良性发展。     

面向群体协作开发的开源软件峭壁分析

开源软件项目因门槛低、自由度高,在开发过程中存在进度缓慢、效率低下和项目质量偏低等问题;同时,软件峭壁(Software Cliff Wall)作为一种判定项目鲁棒性的依据,表现为软件开发过程中在短时间内完成远超过常规增量开发的一种代码贡献行为,是软件演化过程中可持续发展的一种潜在威胁.为了深入研究开源项目的开发过程,...     

Reliability analysis and optimal version-updating for open source software

Context

Although reliability is a major concern of most open source projects, research on this problem has attracted attention only recently. In addition, the optimal version-dating for open source software considering its special properties is not yet discussed.

Objective

In this paper, the reliability analysis and optimal version-updating for open source software are studied.

Method

A modified non-homogeneous Poisson process model is developed for open source software reliability modeling and analysis. Based on this model, optimal version-updating for open source software is investigated as well. In the decision process, the rapid release strategy and the level of reliability are the two most important factors. However, they are essentially contradicting with each other. In order to consider these two conflicting factors simultaneously, a new decision model based on multi-attribute utility theory is proposed.

Results

Our models are tested on the real world data sets from two famous open source projects: Apache and GNOME. It is found that traditional software reliability models provide overestimations of the reliability of open source software. In addition, the proposed decision model can help management to make a rational decision on the optimal version-updating for open source software.

Conclusion

Empirical results reveal that the proposed model for open source software reliability can describe the failure process more accurately. Furthermore, it can be seen that the proposed decision model can assist management to appropriately determine the optimal version-update time for open source software.     

基于SCPN的软件可靠性建模与分析

针对软件动态行为复杂难以建模,且可靠性难以评估的问题,提出一种基于随机有色Petri网SCPN(Stochastic Colored Petri Net)的软件可靠性建模与分析方法。在建立软件可靠性分析的元结构模型的基础上,分别建立软件可靠性分析的串联结构模型和并联结构模型,有效地描述了软件的静态结构和动态行为。以某工厂采购系统为目标系统,以Time NET4.0为平台,建立其基于SCPN的软件可靠性分析模型,仿真验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。该方法可以为软件可靠性的早期评估提供理论指导。     

开源软件Scilab在自控原理教学中的仿真应用

Scilab是一款自由开源计算软件,主要用于数学、工程计算,Scilab由很多功能包组合而成,每一类包都有特定的功能,以库的形式存在Scilab里,称之为工具箱Toolkit。用户除了使用Scilab提供的现有的工具箱外,还可以利用C和TCL语言开发自己的Toolkit Box。本文介绍如何基于Scilab的这些特性结合自动控制原理课程的应用需求开发出适合教学所需的专用的工具箱。     

Volunteers’ involvement in online community based software development

We sought to gain understanding of voluntary developers’ involvement in open source software (OSS) projects. Data were collected from voluntary developers working on open source projects. Our findings indicated that a voluntary developer's involvement was very important to his or her performance and that involvement was dependent on individual motivations (personal software needs, reputation and skills gaining expectation, enjoyment in open source coding) and project community factors (leadership effectiveness, interpersonal relationship, community ideology). Our work contributes theoretically and empirically to the body of OSS research and has practical implications for OSS project management.     

Some issues in software reliability assessment

The debate between those who prefer formal methods and those who advocate the use of reliability-growth models in the assessment of software reliability continues. Some issues arising from this conflict are raised and discussed, beginning with the definition of quantified software reliability. After arguing that the stochastic modelling approach is conceptually sound, its possible relationship with the structure of the software is discussed. Evidence that certain structural counts can be used in place of time as the argument in reliability growth models is reported. The question of the extent to which the many non-stochastic metrics now available contribute to software reliability quantification is aired. A relationship between reliability and a hierarchy of coverage metrics is reported, which may help to draw together the modellers and the testers.     

Dealing with variability in context-aware mobile software

Mobile context-aware software pose a set of challenging requirements to developers as these applications exhibit novel features, such as handling varied sensing devices and dynamically adapting to the user’s context (e.g. his or her location), and evolve quickly according to technological advances.In this paper, we discuss how to handle variability both across different domains and during the evolution of a single application. We present a set of design structures for solving different problems related with mobility (such as location sensing, behaviour adaptation, etc.), together with the design rationale underlying them, and show how these sound micro-architectural constructs impact on variability. Our presentation is illustrated with case studies in different domains.     

Component-based development of DSP software for mobile communication terminals

DSP software development has been tied down by extreme computational requirements. Furthermore, the DSP development tools available today are less advanced than in other embedded software design. This has lead to DSP software architectures that have not taken into account future expansion needs. Therefore, DSP software architectures have been inherently closed. Now, as system complexity increases, this design methodology becomes more of a burden, since it does not support component-based DSP software development that requires open interfaces.

In this paper, mobile-communications DSP software architectures are studied as cases, and key areas for improvements towards more open DSP software development are identified. Proposed solutions are judged against the limited resources of mobile communication terminals and the characteristics of communication DSPs.     

Computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD Systems Production

In the paper the basic elements of CAD systems from software point of view are dis-cussed.The creation and next the modification of CAD systems needs specialized software tools.In thepaper the idea computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD systems production and practi-cal software realization of such a software tool is considered.The main element of this tool is specialprogram provided for convenient storage and modification of CAD source program.In the paper thesimple examples are presented and discussed.     

测试管理工具在军用软件测试中的应用

通过对国内外主流软件测试管理工具的性能对比,结合我国军用软件测试要求和相关规范标准,分析了软件测试管理工具在军用软件测试过程中各环节的应用。利用软件测试管理工具能够克服人工方式进行测试管理的局限,加强测试工作的组织和管理,在保证测试工作的准确性、一致性的同时,有效地控制测试质量,更好地协调测试资源,提高测试工作的效率。研究内容为测评管理工具在军用软件测试过程中的使用提供了重要的参考依据。     

Revisiting Linus’s law: Benefits and challenges of open source software peer review

Open source projects leverage a large number of people to review products and improve code quality. Differences among participants are inevitable and important to this collaborative review process—participants with different expertise, experience, resources, and values approach the problems differently, increasing the likelihood of finding more bugs and fixing the particularly difficult ones. To understand the impacts of member differences on the open source software peer review process, we examined bug reports of Mozilla Firefox. These analyses show that the various types of member differences increase workload as well as frustration and conflicts. However, they facilitate situated learning, problem characterization, design review, and boundary spanning. We discuss implications for work performance and community engagement, and suggest several ways to leverage member differences in the open source software peer review process.     

AIDTT—基于Ada的软件可靠性设计工具

软件可靠性问题是计算机系统中最重要的问题之一，此文从软件避错设计的角度提出一个实用化的软件集成开发系统 。     

开源软件开发者的演化研究

开源软件的开发主要依靠开发人员的自我管理和志愿贡献。在软件开发过程中,开发人员的组成、分工、能力等会发生经常性的改变,这些改变都会通过交互行为的变化反映出来。已有研究成果表明开源软件存在核心团队,他们主导项目的开发与实施,但对开发团队随时间而发生的结构变化的研究较少。通过观测软件项目生命周期中开发者总体的变化情况,研究了开发者网络与软件的协同演化机理,以GNU/Linux公共数据集为例,讨论了开源软件开发者数量、自愿度、开发者经验与项目的协同演化现象,并给出了演化的合理解释。     

集成化的软件测试支撑环境INSENST

本文提出了一个集成化的软件测试支撑环境INSENST的设计思想,并对INSENST的初步设计及详细设计方法进行了深入的讨论。