有机染料共敏化太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,染料敏化太阳能电池由于低成本、高效率而备受人们关注。共同敏化太阳能电池是利用多种染料共同敏化光阳极的新一类染料敏化太阳能电池。共敏化太阳能电池显示出了较单一染料敏化太阳能电池更好的效率和稳定性,具有很好的应用前景。综述了近年来有机染料共同敏化太阳能电池在染料分子结构的设计、半导体的改良等方面所取得的研究进展。     

光敏染料用于太阳能电池的研究

简述了影响染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)光电转换效率的几个因素;按照分子结构分类,重点总结了近几年来国内外有关光敏染料在提高DSSC电池性能方面的最新研究进展,提出了存在的问题及解决对策,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池天然敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化剂是影响染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)性能的重要因素。介绍了染料敏化剂的分类及获得高效、稳定的电池时染料敏化剂需要满足的条件,根据天然染料敏化剂的分类,分别介绍了叶绿素类、花青素类、类胡萝卜素类以及单宁酸等天然染料作为DSC敏化剂的研究进展及其区别,指出对天然染料敏化剂的研究有利于降低染料敏化太阳能电池的生产成本并促进其工业化发展。     

Emerging Semitransparent Solar Cells: Materials and Device Design

Semitransparent solar cells can provide not only efficient power‐generation but also appealing images and show promising applications in building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics, photovoltaic vehicles and so forth in the future. Such devices have been successfully realized by incorporating transparent electrodes in new generation low‐cost solar cells, including organic solar cells (OSCs), dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this review, the advances in the preparation of semitransparent OSCs, DSCs, and PSCs are summarized, focusing on the top transparent electrode materials and device designs, which are all crucial to the performance of these devices. Techniques for optimizing the efficiency, color and transparency of the devices are addressed in detail. Finally, a summary of the research field and an outlook into the future development in this area are provided.     

用于染料敏化太阳能电池的4种高原植物染料性能研究

从青藏高原同一海拔的4种植物——菠菜、金莲花、喇叭花和格桑花中,分别提取天然色素,并且组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。对4种植物色素的光学性能,以及格桑花色素和菠菜色素组装的电池的性能进行了研究。研究发现,菠菜色素在300~500nm和610~700nm之间以及格桑花色素在300~400nm和480~600nm之间有较好的吸收峰,但格桑花色素组装的电池的光电转换效率却是菠菜色素组装的电池的2.55倍。进一步研究发现,格桑花色素在TiO2薄膜上的吸附方式为化学吸附,而菠菜色素为物理吸附,格桑花色素的主要成分为花青素。最后,对格桑花色素的光、热稳定性进行研究,发现其热稳定性良好,光照后吸光度值略有下降。     

层状磷酸锆和氧化锆粉体对染料敏化太阳电池电解质性能的影响

利用合成的层状结构的α-ZrP和球形ZrO2颗粒添加到液态电解质中,获得了改善的界面电荷传输特性和离子传输性能。二者在约3%(质量分数)时得到最好的效果。对于颗粒加入对电解质性能的影响进行了分析,认为主要是颗粒表面特性和离子浓度增加带来的Grothus增强机制改善了电解质电化学特性。     

Device Physics of Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Plastic solar cells bear the potential for large‐scale power generation based on materials that provide the possibility of flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, efficient solar cells. Since the discovery of the photoinduced electron transfer from a conjugated polymer to fullerene molecules, followed by the introduction of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) concept, this material combination has been extensively studied in organic solar cells, leading to several breakthroughs in efficiency, with a power conversion efficiency approaching 5 %. This article reviews the processes and limitations that govern device operation of polymer:fullerene BHJ solar cells, with respect to the charge‐carrier transport and photogeneration mechanism. The transport of electrons/holes in the blend is a crucial parameter and must be controlled (e.g., by controlling the nanoscale morphology) and enhanced in order to allow fabrication of thicker films to maximize the absorption, without significant recombination losses. Concomitantly, a balanced transport of electrons and holes in the blend is needed to suppress the build‐up of the space–charge that will significantly reduce the power conversion efficiency. Dissociation of electron–hole pairs at the donor/acceptor interface is an important process that limits the charge generation efficiency under normal operation condition. Based on these findings, there is a compromise between charge generation (light absorption) and open‐circuit voltage (V_OC) when attempting to reduce the bandgap of the polymer (or fullerene). Therefore, an increase in V_OC of polymer:fullerene cells, for example by raising the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the fullerene, will benefit cell performance as both fill factor and short‐circuit current increase simultaneously.     

染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的研究进展

半导体纳米晶颗粒形成的膜具有较大的比表面积，其表面上可以吸附大量的染料分子，因而可以有效地吸收太阳光，并将其转化为电能。介绍了染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的基本原理以及电池的结构，着重从电池各个组成部分介绍了染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的发展及其研究现状。     

染料敏化太阳能电池无FTO煤基炭对电极的研究

分别以气煤、焦煤、瘦煤为原料制备了低成本、高性能煤基炭对电极(counter electrodes, CEs), 并使用煤基炭CE同时代替导电玻璃基底和催化层, 分别考察了浸渍和表面修饰对煤基炭CE结构和光电性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学阻抗谱等表征手段, 对煤基炭CE的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明: 浸渍后煤基炭CE形成了底层致密表层多孔的一体化结构; 经过表面修饰的煤基炭CE表现出良好的光电性能, 其开路电压(V_oc)、短路电流密度(J_sc)和填充因子(FF)分别为0.79 V、13.48 mA/cm²和0.67, 光电转化效率(η)达到了7.16%, 与传统Pt电极的效率相当, 比石墨电极效率提高30%。煤基炭CE是传统Pt/FTO电极的良好替代材料。     

锂掺杂二氧化钛致密层对染料敏化太阳电池性能的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD), 在纳米多孔二氧化钛层(np-TiO₂)与透明导电玻璃之间分别沉积了二氧化钛致密层(d-TiO₂)和掺锂二氧化钛致密层(d-Li-TiO₂), XRD衍射结果显示该致密层具有锐钛矿结构. 电池开路电压随时间的衰减实验结果表明, 该结构可以有效减慢开路电压的衰减, 抑制透明导电玻璃上的电子向电解质逆向传输并进行电子复合的几率; 同时, 掺入锂后, 致密TiO₂层(d-TiO₂)能带宽度变窄, 降低了np-TiO₂层与透明导电玻璃之间的界面电阻, 使得np-TiO₂层导带上的光生电子更容易地向透明导电玻璃传输, 进而使得具有d-Li-TiO₂层的染料敏化太阳电池比无致密层的染料敏化太阳电池光电转换效率提高了42%.