热机碎岩新技术

热机碎岩目前在我国尚属于一项新技术。介绍了热机碎岩工艺在国内外的发展状况，分析其碎岩机理及提高钻效的原因，对热机碎岩的前景及目前尚须完善之处做了进一步阐述。     

热机碎岩钻进工艺的试验研究

论述了热机碎岩的基本概念、基本原理;阐述了热机碎岩试验的基本方法,试验设备、试验钻头以及试验岩样;对试验数据以及试验工艺参数的关系做了详细的分析;得出了热机碎岩的最佳工艺参数及结论。     

水射流切削碎岩技术

水射流虽是很细的喷流，但是，单位面积上的加工能量却是极大的，在水射流中加入相应的磨料，形成水喷砂流，则喷砂切削碎岩的实用性就更强了。     

热机碎岩钻头胎体材料的试验研究

论述了热机碎岩钻头胎体的性能要求;阐述了热机碎岩钻头胎体各组分的作用以及各组分的配料工艺;论述了胎体材料烧结工艺;进行了胎体材料的性能测试试验研究;得出了热机碎岩钻头胎体的最佳配方.     

摩擦热-机械碎岩技术的研究应用现状及新进展

摩擦热-机械碎岩是传统的热力碎岩工艺与机械碎岩工艺的有机结合.介绍了热机碎岩技术的国内外研究发展现状以及碎岩机理、测温、钻具结构、钻头+结构、钻进工艺等方面的最新研究成果.     

摩擦热-机械碎岩钻进技术试验研究

摩擦热-机械碎岩钻进技术是利用钻头与岩石产生的摩擦热能加入弱化岩石，然后利用钻头上的切削元件切削碎岩。由于大部分岩石在高温和交变热应力作用下其强度、硬度以及磨蚀性都大幅度降低，因此提高了钻进效率。钻头摩擦元件采用了新型的耐摩擦耐高温的赛隆陶瓷材料，耐磨性是YG6硬质合金的3～5倍，而价格仅为硬质合金的1／10；对钻具和钻头的结构也进行了详细的论述；钻进试验表明：热机碎岩钻具摩擦元件能产生足够高的温度场(大于600℃)；热机碎岩钻进技术是切实可行的，能提高钻进效率，降低钻进成本。     

冲击回转碎岩机理探讨

地下岩体中,天然地存在有许多微观裂纹与节理。在冲击回转的联合作用下,冲击使近钻头的岩石发生裂纹断裂、破碎,形成破碎小坑;使远离钻头的岩石中的微观裂纹扩展、连通、甚至断裂。在离钻头更远区域,使岩石产生新的微观裂纹。回转使冲击产生的破碎小坑沿圆周方向扩大,并使钻头上的金刚石颗粒换位。在回转冲击的联合作用下,岩石中的裂纹不断产生、扩展、断裂,从而达到高速碎岩的目的。     

SBU技术——低成本小口径碎岩钻孔设备介绍

本文简要介绍了罗宾斯公司小口径硬岩隧道掘进设备——SBU技术，文中重点说明了SBU TBM设备的性能、系列、特点。     

岩心钻探用金刚石碎岩工具现状,发展趋势和工业金刚石,碎岩工具的市场情况

金刚石岩心钻探工作量逐年增加,金刚石碎岩品种不断增多,金刚石钻探工艺日趋完善,这是当前世界范围内金刚石钻探总的情况。人们予料,往后十年天然和人造金刚石碎岩工具产量还会大幅度增加,技术经济指标将有明显提高。金刚石钻头品种开发国内外均作了不少工作,我国大约有500多个品种,苏联有700多     

冲击回转钻进的碎岩特点和效果

前言一九八○年以来,液动冲击回转钻进在我国发展迅速,有500多个机台使用,至一九八五年止钻进总进尺达45万米,直接经济效益达500多万元。近年来,在我国又发展了绳索取心冲击回转钻进,把绳索取心钻进和冲击回转钻进的优点综合起来,成为当今一种先进的钻进方法。它即能提高纯钻时间,又能提高碎岩效率、回次进尺和予防孔斜。为了正确使用该先进方法,以获得显著的经济效益,本文着重介绍冲击回转钻进的碎岩特点。     

TBM破岩机理的三维FEM-SPH耦合算法

采用改进的有限元-光滑粒子流体动力学耦合（FEM-SPH）的方法,建立了TBM单滚刀和双滚刀破岩的三维数值耦合模型,研究了TBM破岩机理,研究结果表明,压碎区形成阶段,在单滚刀推力的作用下,微裂纹向下扩展形成扇形破坏区;在切向力的作用下,微裂纹向前扩展形成另一个扇形破坏区,两个扇形破坏区组成了锥形破坏区;在微裂纹形成阶段,侧向裂纹的扩展速度大于中央裂纹的扩展速度;在微裂纹扩展阶段,中央裂纹的扩展速度大于侧向裂纹的扩展速度;当滚刀向岩体的边缘滚动时,边缘部位的岩石以扇形失效;压碎区形成阶段,每个滚刀单独作用在岩石上,在每滚刀的下方形成一个锥形破坏区;在微裂纹形成阶段,由于滚刀之间的相互作用,赫兹裂纹改变扩展方向;在微裂纹扩展阶段,赫兹裂纹连接和贯通,形成岩片。     

Experimental study of a new multifunctional device for rock fragmentation

A new multifunctional testing device for rock fragmentation was introduced,which can conduct many experiments such as single cutting under static load, crushing under impact load, thrusting under static load and cutting-impact test under the dynamic and static load. The results of granite and concrete‘s experiments with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) flat cutters and carbide alloy cutters under different Ioadings show that the device has good performance, and the characteristics of broken rock under the combined loads are similar to that under the single static pressure or impact crushing the rock, and the combined loads can increase the effect of rock fragmentation obviously.The experimental methods and effects have the important meaning for studying new drilling tool on hard rock fragmentation.     

Development of 3D rock fragmentation measurement system using photogrammetry

ABSTRACT

Run-of-mine fragmentation is an important aspect of mine productivity optimisation, as it affects all mine-to-mill processes. In this study, a 3D rock fragmentation measurement (3DFM) system is proposed that can surmount the limitations of conventional 2D photo-based rock fragmentation measurement methods. To validate the proposed 3DFM performance, a laboratory-based comparison study was conducted using 100 randomly collected rock fragments. Conventional method exhibits relatively low and diffused results than the 3DFM. The proposed 3DFM can be considered as a new particle size distribution measurement method that should efficiently aid in improving mine productivity.     

TBM滚刀破岩过程及细观机理颗粒流模拟

采用颗粒流再现了锦屏大理岩脆-延-塑性转化特征,利用获得的细观参数建立TBM滚刀破岩离散元模型,模拟了单个TBM滚刀侵入断续单裂隙岩体过程,分析了裂隙倾角和围压对滚刀破岩效果的影响规律,最后从细观层面探讨了滚刀破岩机理。结果表明：含单裂隙岩体在单刀作用下,总体上表现为压缩性破坏、规则裂纹萌生与扩展、粉核区形成和主裂纹贯通4个阶段;当裂隙水平时翼裂纹萌生于裂隙中部,裂隙倾角较小时翼裂纹萌生于距尖端一定距离处,随着裂隙倾角的增大翼裂纹在裂隙尖端萌生。随着围压的增大,粉核区的范围逐渐变大,在高围压作用下出现侧向裂纹向自由面扩展;裂隙岩体比完整岩石更容易发生破坏,而且不同倾角裂隙岩体破坏难易程度也有所不同,总体上表现为：15°<45°<60°<0°<30°<90°<75°破岩由易到难。有围压条件下破岩难于无围压条件,且困难程度随着围压的提高而增大。     

Image based modeling of rock fragmentation

In the mineral extraction industry, comminution modeling is not only interested in maximum rock strength, but also, or much more, in the energy required to induce rock fracture and, most significantly, into the effect of energy application on the produced rock fragments size distribution. An additional aspect of rock breakage, specific to the mineral extraction industry, is the modeling of liberation of particular mineral grains from the host rock matrix. These aspects of rock behavior make comminution modeling a unique field of rock mechanics.From a traditional engineering point of view (mining and civil), rock samples are considered to be homogenous. Although the mechanical properties of individual minerals can vary significantly, the properties of the minerals and of the mineral boundaries interact randomly enough to assume that in the size of rock samples mechanical properties can be considered homogenous. However, from a comminution point of view, heterogeneity caused by a difference in the properties of minerals are crucial and therefore rock material, even in the scale of a few centimeters, should be considered as heterogeneous. The comminution response of such rock will be influenced by the textural parameters of the rock as well as mechanical properties of constitutive mineral grains.Image based numerical modeling is a useful tool for investigation of the pattern and dynamics of the rock breakage process. Its usefulness rests on the fact that a difficult step of building a faithful model of rock texture and composition, as a pre-requisite for modeling of rock breakage, is removed. Numerical modeling based on the use of classified digital image of the rock surface, could be particularly effective in the mineral extraction industry, where one of the key objectives is liberation of specific minerals, by providing inside view of mechanisms that are responsible for liberation of valuable minerals embedded into specific ore matrix.     

TBM双滚刀破岩过程模拟及刀圈结构设计

为研究TBM盘形滚刀作用下岩石的破碎过程及刀圈结构参数对破岩过程的影响,利用离散元方法建立了双滚刀线性切削岩石三维模型,研究了不同因素影响下岩石的接触力、微观裂纹扩展及破碎颗粒生成规律;分析了刀刃宽及刀刃角对破岩过程的影响,建立了刀圈结构参数与破岩效率的映射关系;结果显示岩石微观破坏以张拉破坏为主,裂纹呈加速扩展趋势;刀圈结构参数刃宽及刃角对于破岩过程均有影响,其中前者的影响较为明显。刃宽增大导致滚刀受力及破岩体积均明显增大,而刃角对于这两者的影响相对较小。基于以上映射关系,以17寸滚刀为例,进行了结构参数设计,获得了最优的滚刀刃宽和刃角。     

煤体爆堆块度分布的测试

根据分形几何理论得出爆堆块度分布和块度分维数的关联关系，然后根据现场爆堆块度分布建立爆堆块度分维值与爆破参数的关系， 从而达到指导人们进行爆破参数优化，控制煤体爆破块度，进行爆前的块度估算和块度预测的目的.     

Study on control of rock fragmentation at limestone quarry

The size distribution of a muck pile depends not on only the blasting standard but also on the mechanical properties, joint system, and crack density of the rock mass. As, the cracks in the rock masses are especially heavily developed at the limestone quarries in Japan, they, along with the joints, have a large impact on the effects of blasting, such as the size of the muck pile. Therefore, if the joint system and/or crack density in a rock mass can be determined and quantitatively evaluated, the blasting operation can be conducted more effectively, efficiently and safely. However, guidelines for designing appropriate blasting standards based on the rock mass conditions have not yet been scientifically developed. Therefore, blasting tests were conducted on different mines and faces, under different geological conditions and blasting standards, in order to determine the impacts of each factor on the effects of blasting. Summarized the results of a series of blasting tests and described the impacts of geological conditions on the size of the muck pile produced by blast. Bhandari S. Engineering rock blasting operations, 1997.     

基于离散元的端部放矿矿岩运移规律研究

崩落法端部放矿矿岩直接接触,顶部、正面、侧面等多方面覆盖岩废石的混入是造成矿石贫化的主要原因,为了研究无底柱分段崩落法放矿过程中废石混入过程,对矿岩颗粒间的受力进行分析,基于离散元理论构建放矿数值模型,将模拟结果与现场实际放矿指标进行对比分析,验证了数值模拟的可靠性.结果表明:矿石回采率达到85％ 时,总混岩率29.7...     

深部节理岩体TBM滚刀破岩效果及最优刀间距研究

为了优化深部岩体中TBM刀盘滚刀的布置,提高TBM掘进效率,采用二维离散元软件UDEC分别研究了节理间距、倾角及贯入度对滚刀破岩的影响。研究结果表明:节理间距为50 mm时,裂纹均扩展到节理面,但节理面对裂纹的扩展有阻隔作用,不管节理的倾角如何,裂纹仍然沿着其倾斜的方向扩展;节理间距不大于100 mm时,岩石的裂纹可以扩展到节理面,节理对裂纹扩展起到控制作用;当节理间距不小于150 mm时,裂纹的扩展无法到达节理面,节理基本不影响裂纹扩展;对于水平节理,节理间距较小时,节理的存在不利于滚刀破岩,随着节理间距的增加,这种不利影响逐渐减弱、直至消失。节理倾角为30°时,由于节理倾角较小,节理间距的减小导致最优刀间距也在减小。节理倾角为60°时,节理间距越小越有利于滚刀的破岩。最佳贯入度随着节理倾角的变大存在逐渐上升的变化趋势,倾角0°变大至90°时,最佳贯入度从2 mm左右比较迅速地增大至7 mm左右。