上海大众嘉定污水处理有限公司一期工程的设计与运行

上海大众嘉定污水处理有限公司一期工程采用多点进水倒置A^2／O工艺,介绍了工艺流程、各处理单元的设计参数及运行经验。实际运行效果稳定,该工艺对COD、BOD5、SS、NH3及总磷都有较好的去除效果,出水水质达到了上海市《污水综合排放标准》（DB31／199-1997）的二级标准。     

Purification capacity of a highly loaded laboratory scale tidal flow reed bed system with effluent recirculation

The purification capacity of a laboratory scale tidal flow reed bed system with final effluent recirculation at a ratio of 1:1 was investigated in this study. In particular, the four-stage reed bed system was heavily loaded with strong agricultural wastewater. Under the hydraulic and organic loading rates of 0.43 m3/m2.d and 1055 gCOD/m2.d, respectively, the average removal efficiencies obtained for COD, BOD5, SS, NH4-N and P were 77%, 78%, 66%, 62% and 38%, respectively. Even with the high loading rates, approximately 30% of NH4-N was converted into NO2-N and NO3-N from the mid-stage of the system where nitrification took place. The results suggest that the multi-stage reed bed system could be employed to treat strong wastewater under high loading, especially for the substantive mass removal of solids, organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen. Tidal flow combined with effluent recirculation is a favourable operation strategy to achieve this objective.     

分段进水A/O工艺运行优化研究

基于Stella 9.0.1软件建立分段进水A/O工艺的ASM3水处理模型,并对模型进行简化,引入反映污泥中异养菌和自养菌活性的参数PXH和PXA。在HRT=10 h、VA/VO=2/6、R=75%及三级进水分配比N1∶N2∶N3=3∶4∶3的工艺状态下,由实测数据得出PXH和PXA的校正值分别为0.8 gCOD/gMLSS和0.05 gCOD/gMLSS。通过校正后的模型讨论了各种操作条件对出水COD、NH4+-N及NO3--N的影响。结果表明:HRT是影响出水COD浓度的最主要因素;增大污泥回流比R及缺、好氧池的容积比VA/VO都会减小出水NO3--N浓度;为保证出水的NH4+-N浓度较低,除提供充足的溶解氧和较长的水力停留时间外,第三段的进水分配比也不宜过大。综合考虑,较优的工艺参数值为HRT=14 h、R=50%、VA/VO=2/6及N1∶N2∶N3=1∶2∶1。将该参数运用于实际操作中,最终使系统对COD的去除率从77.6%提高到了94.1%,对TP的去除率也从30.2%提高到81.2%,实现了同步脱氮除磷。     

重力出流式DMBR处理生活污水的研究

采用重力出流式动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理生活污水,重点探讨了有机负荷、DO、pH等因素对污染物去除效果的影响及延缓膜污染的措施.结果表明:该系统对SS的去除效果很好,出水SS基本为零,但对TP的去除率仅为40%左右;耐冲击负荷性能良好,对COD、氨氮的去除效果均保持稳定;在DO、pH得到适当控制时,系统对COD、NH3-N的去除率分别可达94.2%、92.1%;沉淀区的污泥沉降作用和膜组件区的曝气作用可以有效减缓膜污染速度.     

溶解氧对CASS工艺影响的研究

就曝气时间段DO的变化对处理效果的影响进行了实验,研究结果发现DO在3．0mg／L时COD去除率达90．7％;CASS工艺对NH3-N的去除效果随DO浓度降低而变坏;对TN的去除最佳点也是在130浓度为3．0mg／L时,去除率为73．3％;对TP的去除率在DO浓度为1．0～3．0时均能达到94％;CASS出水均能达标排放。     

SCMB处理高校再生水试验研究

采用好氧膜分离生物反应器(SCMB)处理高校洗涤及洗浴废水,研究分析了水力停留时间及溶解氧对CODCr、NH3-N去除效果的影响.结果表明,系统最佳水力停留时间为6～7h,最佳溶解氧为2.5 ～3.0 mg/L.在优化工况下,系统对各项污染物指标均有良好的去除效果,出水CODCr、NH3-N、SS分别为27.2,3.9...     

低DO下曝气方式对分段进水脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理小区生活污水,考察了在低DO条件下,不同曝气方式对硝化率及污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为0．27m^3／h、MLSS平均为2700mg／L左右、好氧区的DO为0．26～2．5mg／L的条件下,当进水氨氮为44～55mg／L时,对氨氮的去除率保持在95％以上,对COD的去除率〉90％;当控制好氧区第1、2格室的DO分别为0．5～0．7和1．0～1．2mg／L时,系统的硝化率维持在90％以上,出水中的氨氮〈2mg／L;在恒定曝气量下,向进水中投加有机碳源,当水质改变较快时,容易引起丝状菌污泥膨胀,但通过恒DO曝气控制,可使污泥的沉降性能得到改善。     

CWSBR~工艺处理市政污水的工程分析

五大连池市污水处理厂采用CWSBR工艺,其特点是单池连续进、出水且水位恒定,同时采用对泥层扰动小的恒水位滗水器。经过两个多月的污泥培养与系统调试,采用单池多步进水方式,强化了系统脱氮除磷性能,调试稳定后出水COD<50 mg/L、NH4+-N<3 mg/L、TP<0.5mg/L,出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准。运行结果印证了CWSBR工艺具有稳定的脱氮除磷功能。     

三种曝气生物滤池滤料处理城市污水的对比研究

分别以页岩陶粒、悬浮滤料和轻质滤料作为曝气生物滤池的滤料来处理生活污水,考察了三种滤料对COD、NH3-N和SS等指标的去除效果及运行要求.结果表明,相对于传统的陶粒滤料,悬浮滤料对NH3-N的降解能力较强,但由于对微小絮体的截留能力不足,其对COD的去除率不高,造成出水COD较高;轻质滤料的截留效果较好,对COD和NH3-N的去除能力都优于陶粒滤料,但其反冲洗难度较大;以悬浮滤料为主体,和轻质滤料组成复合滤料层,可以充分发挥二者的优点,克服其不足,对城市污水的处理效果更好.     

集居区生活污水无动力生态处理研究

采用厌氧/湿地型生物滤池新工艺处理生活污水,在控制流量、温度不变的条件下,就系统的水力停留时间对COD、NH3-N、SS去除率的影响进行了研究,从而确定出试验的最佳水力停留时间为19h,并在此基础上考察了系统对COD、TP、TN、NH3-N的去除效果.结果表明;生活污水经厌氧/湿地型生物滤池新工艺处理后,出水的各项常规指标均基本满足《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准,其对COD、SS、TP、TN、NH3-N的去除率分别为80%、90%、50%、15%、68%.     

Limited filamentous bulking in order to enhance integrated nutrient removal and effluent quality

Limited filamentous bulking has been proposed as a means to enhance floc size and make conditions more favorable for simultaneous nitrification/Denitrification (SND). Moreover a slightly heightened SVI is supposed to increase the removal of small particulates in the clarifier. Integrated nitrogen, phosphorus and COD removal performance under limited filamentous bulking was investigated using a bench-scale plug-flow enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactor fed with raw domestic wastewater. Limited filamentous bulking in this study was mainly induced by low DO levels, while other influencing factors associated with filamentous bulking (F/M, nutrients, and wastewater characteristics) were not selective for filamentous bacteria. The optimum scenario for integrated nitrogen, phosphorus and COD removal was achieved under limited filamentous bulking with an SVI level of 170-200 (associated with a DO of 1.0-1.5 mg/L). The removal efficiencies of COD, TP and NH₄⁺-N were 90%, 97% and 92%, respectively. Under these conditions, the solid-liquid separation was practically not affected and sludge loss was never observed. A well-clarified effluent with marginal suspended solids was obtained. The results of this study indicated the feasibility of limited filamentous bulking under low DO as a stimulation of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification for enhancing nutrient removal and effluent quality in an EBPR process.     

复合膜生物反应器的除污性能研究

采用自行设计研制的复合膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水，考察了系统的除污性能。结果表明，在HRT为9h、SRT为30d、DO为2～3．5mg／L的条件下，系统对COD、NH3-N和浊度具有较好的去除效果，平均去除率分别为90％、89％和90％。生物降解主要承担了对COD和NH3-N的去除作用，膜截留起到了稳定出水水质及去除浊度物质的作用。     

新型A/O/A直流脱氮工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用新型A／O／A直流脱氮工艺处理焦化废水,考察了对COD和NH4^＋ -N的去除效果。四个月的连续流试验表明,在进水COD平均为2470mg／L、NH4^＋ -N为102mg／L的条件下,系统出水COD和NH4^＋ -N平均浓度分别为120、10mg／L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准。由于无回流,因而与工程上常用的A^2O^2工艺相比,动力消耗节省了约50％,而占地面积却仅为其1／3。前置厌氧池减轻了好氧段的负荷,改善了对COD的去除效果;出水分流则为缺氧池内的反硝化提供了较充足的碳源,避免了投加甲醇的额外花费。     

Comparison of recirculation configurations for biological nutrient removal in a membrane bioreactor

A 12-L lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR), consisting of an anaerobic and anoxic compartment followed by an oxic plate-frame membrane compartment, was evaluated for carbonaceous and nutrient removals by varying the recirculation of mixed liquor and permeate. The hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for the anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic compartments were 2, 2, and 8h, respectively. The solids residence time (SRT) for the oxic compartment was 25 days. Five different recirculation configurations were tested by recirculating mixed liquor and/or permeate recirculation equal to the influent flow rate (identified as 100%) into different locations of the anaerobic and anoxic compartments. Of the five configurations, the configuration with 100% mixed liquor recirculation to the anaerobic compartment and 100% permeate recirculation to the anoxic compartment gave the highest percentage removal with an average 92.3+/-0.5% soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), 75.6+/-0.4% total nitrogen (TN), and 62.4+/-1.3% total phosphorus (TP) removal. When the mixed liquor and permeate recirculation rates were varied for the same configuration, the highest TP removal was obtained for 300% mixed liquor recirculation and 100% permeate recirculation (300%/100%) with a TP removal of 88.1+/-1.3% while the highest TN removal (90.3+/-0.3%) was obtained for 200%/300% recirculation. TN and TP concentrations as low as 4.2+/-0.1 and 1.4+/-0.2mg/L respectively were obtained. Mass loading rates were generally low in the range of 0.11-0.22kgCOD/kgMLSS/d due to high biomass concentrations within the oxic reactor (approx. 8000mg/L). The BioWin model was calibrated against one set of the experimental data and was found to predict the experimental data of effluent TN, TP, and NO(3)(-)-N but over-predicted sCOD and NH(3)-N for various recirculation rates. The anoxic heterotrophic yield for the calibrated model was 0.2kg biomass COD/kg COD utilized while the maximum growth rates were found to be 0.45day(-1) for mu(max-autotroph), 3.2day(-1) for mu(max-heterotroph), and 1.5day(-1) for mu(max-PAO).     

一体化IMBR处理低碳城市污水的脱氮研究

在进水C／N为3、4、5和HRT为4、8、12h的条件下,研究了一体化间歇曝气膜生物反应器（IMBR）对COD、NH4^＋-N、TN的去除效果。研究表明,在低C／N条件下,IMBR仍有很好的脱氮效果,出水COD、TN、NH4^＋-N达到了GB18918--2002标准的一级A标准;随着C／N的增加则对各污染物的去除率都有所升高;随着HRT的延长,IMBR对COD、TN、NH4^＋-N的去除率有较大的提高,但当HRT〉8h后,随着HRT的延长,对COD的去除率反而略有下降。     

A/O-MBR处理低浓度生活污水的试验研究

针对传统活性污泥法处理低浓度生活污水难度大的问题,采用缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)处理该类污水,并考察了其处理效果.结果表明,在污泥浓度为4 000～6 000mg/L、HRT为19.2 h、好氧段溶解氧浓度为1.5～2.5 mg/L、污泥回流比为200%～300%的条件下,A/O-MBR对COD和氨氮的去除效果良好,平均去除率分别为92.2%和95.9%.在无排泥的情况下,系统连续运行近100d,出水水质稳定.     

新型颗粒生物膜生物转盘处理有机废水的研究

采用一种新型的颗粒生物膜生物转盘处理有机废水,将盘片改为转筒状,并向其中加入特制的多孔聚合物高分子载体,考察了该系统对COD和NH3-N的去除效果及多孔聚合物栽体的生物膜特性.结果表明,系统对COD和氨氮的去除效果较好,当进水COD和氨氮分别为(252～538)、(22.2～51.7)mg/L(平均值分别为386.6、33.0 mg/L)时,系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别为63.6%～96.4%(平均为85.2%)、77.8%～98.7%(平均为86.5%);多孔聚合物高分子法载 体挂膜良好,平均膜厚为186.4μm.     

低温下稳定塘系统对二级出水的处理效果

镇江市征润州污水厂的出水排入长江,为保护长江水环境,需要对其进行深度处理,以使出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。采用"好氧塘/兼性塘/生物塘"组合工艺处理该厂出水,考察了系统在低温条件下的脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:该系统能进一步降低二级出水中的TN和TP浓度,对TN、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别为40%、70%和55%,出水TN、NH3-N、TP分别为14、4和0.4 mg/L左右;稳定塘中的硝化作用有利于NH3-N的去除,但厌氧环境的缺乏限制了反硝化作用的进行,使出水TN中NO3--N的比例升高;HRT是稳定塘的重要参数,系统中TN的去除以生物作用为主,可以适当延长HRT以提高对TN的去除率。     

A/O-MBR处理生活污水回用的试验研究

采用缺氧-好氧一体式膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)对生活污水处理回用进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,该系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,膜分离截留对COD的去除起到了决定性作用,生物膜对NH3-N的去除占主要作用.系统出水无色无味,COD、NH3-N的浓度分别为14.82和0.45 mg/L,出水水质优于城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920-2002)和河道景观环境用水水质标准(GB/T 18921-2002).     

纯膜MBBR用于南方某大型水质净化厂改造效果分析

南方某大型水质净化厂设计处理规模为260×104m3/d,主要处理微污染河道水。为提高系统的硝化能力,采用纯膜MBBR工艺对原平流沉淀池末端进行改造。悬浮载体全部投加3 d后,出水氨氮<1.0 mg/L,达到了设计标准。稳定运行期间,系统出水氨氮浓度为(0.19±0.14)mg/L,氨氮平均去除率达到91.64%,稳定达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅱ类水质标准。纯膜MBBR系统具备良好的间歇运行能力,悬浮载体离水7 d后恢复通水,用时4 d即可保障出水氨氮浓度达标。考察了温度、水力负荷、进水氨氮浓度、气水比对出水氨氮浓度的影响,并采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果显示,对出水氨氮浓度的影响程度排序为水温>进水氨氮浓度>>水力负荷和气水比。出水氨氮浓度与水温呈负相关,与进水氨氮浓度呈正相关。纯膜MBBR工艺良好的抗低温和水质冲击性能以及合理的设计参数,确保了在温度<15℃以及进水水质波动较大的情况下出水水质稳定达到设计标准。气水比对出水氨氮浓度影响较小,在0.7~2.0的气水比条件下悬浮载体流化良好,出水氨氮浓度均值<0.5 mg/L,稳定达标。水力负荷对出水氨氮几乎没有影响,系统具备良好的耐水力冲击性能。经过纯膜MBBR工艺改造后,系统出水COD、BOD5、TP、SS均优于改造前,项目总运行费用为0.076~0.109元/m³。