基于单片机控制的频率综合器设计

以ADF4360芯片为核心,设计实现了频率综合器作为1.95 GHz一次变频超外差射频接收机的本振部分,并制作了单片机控制电路。经测试,可以在1.6GHz～1.95GHz范围内以0.5MHz为步长调节输出本振信号频率。在频率为1.9GHz时,相位噪声为-68dBc/Hz（1kHzoffset）、-71dBc/Hz（10kHz offset）、-110dBc/Hz（100kHz offset）、-115dBc/Hz（1MHz off-set）。频率偏差小于50kHz。     

一种应用于多频接收机的宽带频率综合器

采用0.18µm 1P6M CMOS工艺实现了一种应用于多频接收机的整数分频频率综合器。该频率综合器为接收机提供频率分别为2.57GHz, 2.52GHz, 2.4GHz 和 2.25GHz的本振信号。为了覆盖要求的频点,其宽带压控振荡器同时采用了可变电容阵列和可变电感阵列。经测试,压控振荡器的频率调谐范围为1.76GHz~2.59GHz。对于频率为2.57GHz, 2.52GHz, 2.4GHz 和 2.25GHz的载波,在1MHz频偏处,相位噪声分别为-122.13dBc/Hz、-122.19dBc/Hz、-121.8dBc/Hz和-121.05dBc/Hz。其带内相位噪声分别为-80.09dBc/Hz、-80.29dBc/Hz、-83.05dBc/Hz 和-86.38dBc/Hz。包括驱动电路在内的芯片功耗约为70mW。芯片面积为1.5mm×1mm。     

应用于射频收发机的低功耗频率综合器

基于0.18μm 1P6M CMOS工艺,设计并实现了一种用于工作在2.4 GHz ISM频段的射频收发机的整数型频率综合器。频率综合器采用锁相环结构,包括片上全集成的电感电容压控振荡器、正交高频分频器、数字可编程分频器、鉴频鉴相器、电荷泵、二阶环路滤波器,为接收机提供正交本地振荡信号并驱动功率放大器。通过在PCB板上绑定裸片的方法进行测试,测试结果表明,压控振荡器的频率覆盖范围为2.338～2.495 GHz;锁定频率为2.424 GHz时,频偏3 MHz处的相位噪声为-113.4 dBc/Hz,带内相位噪声为-65.9 dBc/Hz;1 MHz处的参考杂散为-45.4 dBc,满足收发机整体性能指标的要求。在1.8 V电源电压下,频率综合器整体消耗电流仅为6.98 mA。芯片总面积为0.69 mm×0.56 mm。     

一种用于IR-UWB收发器的4GHz正交输出小数频率综合器

本文针对工作于3.1GHz到5GHz频段的IR-UWB收发器,设计了一种4GHz小数频率综合器。该频率综合器采用0.18μm混合&射频CMOS工艺实现,其输出频率范围为3.74GHz到4.44GHz。通过使用多比特量化的∑-△调制器,该频率综合器在参考频率为20MHz时的输出频率分辨率达到15Hz。测试结果表明,该频率综合器的正交信号输出幅度失配和相位误差分别低于0.1dB和0.8º。该频率综合器的输出相位噪声达到-116dBc/Hz@3MHz,频谱杂散低于-60dBc。在1.8V电源电压下,该频率综合器的核心电路功耗仅为38.2mW。     

GPS接收机中1.57 GHz CMOS锁相环的设计

设计了一种用于GPS接收机中采用CMOS工艺实现的1.57GHz锁相环.其中,预分频器采用高速钟控锁存器(LATCH)的结构,工作频率超过2GHz.VCO中采用LC谐振回路,具有4段连续的调节范围,输出频率范围可以达到中心频率的20%.电荷泵采用一种改进型宽摆幅自校准电路,可以进一步降低环路噪声.锁相环采用0.25μmRFCOMS工艺实现.测量表明VCO输出在偏移中心频率1MHz处的相位噪声为-110dBc/Hz,锁相环输出在偏移中心频率10kHz处的相位噪声小于-90dBc/Hz.供电电压为2.5V时,功耗小于15mW.     

宽带低相噪低杂散Σ-Δ小数分频频率综合器

采用65 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种宽带低相噪低杂散的Σ-Δ小数分频频率综合器。该频率综合器采用3个压控振荡器以及可编程分频链路实现宽带输出,每个压控振荡器采用自适应衬底偏置技术以减小PVT变化的影响。可编程分频器采用重定时单元同步输出,降低了分频器的相位噪声。自动频率校准模块采用一个可对压控振荡器直接计数的结构,缩短了频率锁定时间。Σ-Δ调制器中采用了陷波滤波结构,降低了高频量化噪声。后仿真结果表明,1.2 V电源电压下,该频率综合器可输出正交信号的频率范围为0.2~6 GHz,输出频率为3.762 5 GHz时,相位噪声为-113.59 dBc/Hz @1 MHz,参考杂散为-59.3 dBc,功耗为91 mW。     

一种8.75-11.2 GHz适用于802.11a/b/g零中频收发机系统低噪声分数频率综合器

介绍了一种适用于802.11a/b/g零中频接收机的超宽带分数频率综合器。文章详细推导了分数频率综合器相位噪声和杂散的数学模型,并给出了降低噪声和杂散的优化方法。实验结果表明,输出频率二分频后,在4.375GHz时积分噪声低于1度（1kHz 到100MHz);参考频率33-MHz处杂散低于-60dBc。芯片基于标准0.13微米RF CMOS工艺,电路工作电压1.2V,功耗39.6mW。     

应用于26 GHz-41 GHz频率综合器的高速可编程分频器的设计

毫米波频率综合器中的重要模块之一高速可编程多模分频器,它主要用于对VCO的输出信号进行分频从而获得稳定的本振信号,它的性能影响整个毫米波频率综合器性能。本文设计的一种高速、低功耗、分频比可变的分频器具有非常重要的意义[1]。根据26 GHz-41 GHz硅基锁相环频率综合器的系统指标,本文基于TSMC 45nm CMOS工艺,设计实现了一种高速可编程分频器。本文采用注入锁定结构分频结构实现高速预分频,该结构可以实现在0 d Bm的输入功率下实现25 GHz-48 GHz的分频范围、最低功耗为:2.6 m W。基于脉冲吞咽计数器的可编程分频器由8/9双模分频器和可编程脉冲吞咽计数器组成。其中8/9双模分频器由同步4/5分频器和异步二分频构成,工作频率范围10 GHz-27 GHz,最低输入幅度为:300 m V,最低功耗为:1.6 m V。可编程吞咽计数器采用改进型带置数功能的TSPC D触发器,该可编程分频器的最大工作范围:25 GHz;最小功耗为:363μW。本文设计的高速可编程多模分频器,可以实现32-2 062的分频比;当工作于28 GHz时,相位噪声小于-159 dBc/Hz。动态功耗为5.2 m W。     

一种2.4GHz正交输出频率综合器

介绍了一种用于bluetooth的基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的2.4GHz正交输出频率综合器的设计和实现.采用差分控制正交耦合压控振荡器实现I/Q信号的产生.为了降低应用成本,利用一个二阶环路滤波器以及一个单位增益跨导放大器来代替三阶环路滤波器.频率综合器的相位噪声为-106.15dBc/Hz@1MHz,带内相位噪声小于-70dBc/Hz,3.3V电源下频率综合器的功耗为13.5mA,芯片面积为1.3mm×0.8mm.     

一种宽带低功耗低相位噪声的双模预分频器

本文设计了应用SCL、TPSC和CMOS静态三种类型的触发器配合工作的新型双模预分频器。与传统使用单一种类型触发器的双模预分频器相比,该双模预分频器更容易获得高速、宽带、低功耗和低相位噪声的性能。为了验证此设计的性能,采用了SMIC 0.18um CMOS 工艺流片实现。在电源电压为1.8V的条件下测试,此双模预分频器的工作频率范围从0.9 GHz 到 3.4 GHz ;当输入信号为 3.4 GHz时,其功耗为2.51mW,相位噪声为-134.78 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz. 其核心面积为 is 57um*30um。鉴于其良好的性能,可以应用于许多射频系统的频率综合器中,特别在多标准无线通信系统中。     

A 9.8-mW 1.2-GHz CMOS frequency synthesizer with a low phase-noise LC-VCO and an I/Q frequency divider

A 1.2 GHz frequency synthesizer integrated in a RF receiver for Beidou navigation is implemented in standard 0.18μm CMOS technology.A distributed biased varactor LC voltage-controlled oscillator is employed to achieve low tuning sensitivity and optimized phase noise performance.A high-speed and low-switching-noise divider-by-2 circuit based on a source-coupled logic structure is adopted to generate a quadrature(I/Q) local oscillating signal.A high-speed 8/9 dual-modulus prescaler(DMP),a programmable-delay phase frequency detector without dead-zone problem,and a programmable-current charge pump are also integrated into the frequency synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer demonstrates an output frequency from 1.05 to 1.30 GHz,and the phase noise is-98.53 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and -121.92 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from the carrier frequency of 1.21 GHz. The power dissipation of the core circuits without the output buffer is 9.8 mW from a 1.8 V power supply.The total area of the receiver is 2.4×1.6 mm~2.     

A high-speed multimodulus HBT prescaler for frequency synthesizerapplications

A high-speed variable modulus prescaler that divides the input clock frequency by 128 up to 255 with unit step increment has been implemented with heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology. A maximum operating frequency of 9.72 GHz with power consumption of 650 mW has been measured. The high-speed performance is attributed to the circuit design, which minimizes the critical path delay, and the intrinsic high-speed characteristics of HBT technology. The phase noise of the prescaler is important for frequency synthesizer applications. With 6.24-GHz input frequency, the phase noise was -110 dBc/Hz at 100-Hz offset frequency and -120 dBc at 1-kHz offset frequency. The noise floor decreases as the input frequency decreases. Phase noises of -125 dBc/Hz at 100-Hz offset and -135 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset were obtained for a 1.2-GHz input frequency     

A wideband frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies

An integer-N frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies was implemented in 0.18 μm IP6M CMOS technology. The synthesizer generates 2.57 GHz, 2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz local signals for the receiver. A wide-range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a reconfigurable LC tank with a binary-weighted switched capacitor array and a switched inductor array is employed to cover the desired frequencies with a sufficient margin. The measured tuning range of the VCO is from 1.76 to 2.59 GHz. From the carriers of 2.57 GHz,2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz, the measured phase noises are -122.13 dBc/Hz, -122.19 dBc/Hz, -121.8 dBc/Hz and -121.05 dBc/Hz, at 1 MHz offset, respectively. Their in-band phase noises are -80.09 dBc/Hz, -80.29 dBe/Hz,-83.05 dBc/Hz and -86.38 dBc/Hz, respectively. The frequency synthesizer including buffers consumes a total power of 70 Mw from a 2 V power supply. The chip size is 1.5 × 1 mm~2.     

K- and Q-bands CMOS frequency sources with X-band quadrature VCO

Fully integrated 10-, 20-, and 40-GHz frequency sources are presented, which are implemented with a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. A 10-GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) is designed to have output with a low dc level, which can be effectively followed by a frequency multiplier. The proposed multipliers generate signals of 20 and 40 GHz using the harmonics of the QVCO. To have more harmonic power, a frequency doubler with pinchoff clipping is used without any buffers or dc-level shifters. The QVCO has a low phase noise of -118.67 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset frequency with a 1.8-V power supply. The transistor size effect on phase noise is investigated. The frequency doubler has a low phase noise of -111.67 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset frequency is measured, which is 7 dB higher than a phase noise of the QVCO. The doubler can be tuned between 19.8-22 GHz and the output is -6.83 dBm. A fourth-order frequency multiplier, which is used to obtain 40-GHz outputs, shows a phase noise of -102.0 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency with the output power of -18.0 dBm. A large tuning range of 39.3-43.67 GHz (10%) is observed.     

基于Phase-Refining技术的微波宽带频率合成器

为改善宽带频率合成器的相位噪声,提出一种基于Phase-Refining技术的微波宽带频率合成器结构与一种对其相位噪声的准确分析方法。首先,根据线性传递函数与叠加原理得到该频率合成器的相位噪声解析模型,通过对振荡器实测相位噪声谱型进行曲线拟合并带入模型中来准确预测其相位噪声性能。分析表明,在级联偏置锁相环中,整个输出频率范围内都可通过将反馈分频比最小化来改善其环路带宽内的相位噪声。实验结果表明,该频率合成器的输出频率范围为2.1~5.6 GHz,频率步进为1 Hz,当输出为2.1 GHz与5.6 GHz时,在频偏10 kHz处的相位噪声分别为-114.7 dBc/Hz与-108.2 dBc/Hz,其相位噪声测试结果与分析计算结果相吻合。     

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer is designed in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process for wireless communication. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) required for the low-frequency loop is designed using a ring-type VCO and achieves a tuning range of 89% from 356 to 931 MHz and a phase noise of -109.2 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 856 MHz. With an active chip area of 2000/spl times/1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and at a 2 V supply voltage, the whole synthesizer achieves a tuning range from 1.8492 to 1.8698 GHz in 200 kHz steps with a measured phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 1.86 GHz. The measured settling time is 128 /spl mu/s and the total power consumption is 95 mW.     

A 16-GHz Triple-Modulus Phase-Switching Prescaler and Its Application to a 15-GHz Frequency Synthesizer in 0.18-μm CMOS

A triple-modulus phase-switching prescaler for high- speed operations is presented in this paper. By reversing the switching orders between the eight 45deg-spaced signals generated by the 8 : 1 frequency divider, the maximum operating frequency of the prescaler is effectively enhanced. With the triple-modulus switching scheme, a wide frequency covering range is achieved. The proposed prescaler is implemented in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, demonstrating a maximum operating frequency of 16 GHz without additional peaking inductors for a compact chip size. Based on the high-speed prescaler, a fully integrated integer-N frequency synthesizer is realized. The synthesizer operates at an output frequency from 13.9 to 15.6 GHz, making it very attractive for wideband applications in Ku-band. At an output frequency of 14.4 GHz, the measured sideband power and phase noise at 1-MHz offset are -60 dBc and -103.8 dBc/Hz, respectively. The fabricated circuit occupies a chip area of 1 mm² and consumes a dc power of 70 mW from a 1.8-V supply voltage     

A 2.6-GHz/5.2-GHz frequency synthesizer in 0.4-μm CMOStechnology

This paper describes the design of a CMOS frequency synthesizer targeting wireless local-area network applications in the 5-GHz range. Based on an integer-N architecture, the synthesizer produces a 5.2-GHz output as well as the quadrature phases of a 2.6-GHz carrier. Fabricated in a 0.4-μm digital CMOS technology, the circuit provides a channel spacing of 23.5 MHz at 5.2 GHz while exhibiting a phase noise of -115 dBc/Hz at 2.6 GHz and -100 dBc/Hz at 5.2 GHz (both at 10-MHz offset). The reference sidebands are at -53 dBc at 2.6 GHz, and the power dissipation from a 2.6-V supply is 47 mW     

A 1.8-GHz CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer with randomized multiphase VCO

A 1.8 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS with an on-chip multiphase voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) exhibits no spurs resulting from phase interpolation. The proposed architecture randomly selects output phases of a multiphase VCO for fractional frequency division to eliminate spurious tones. Measured phase noise at 1.715 GHz is lower than -80 dBc/Hz within a 20 kHz loop bandwidth and -118 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with no fractional spurs above -70 dBc/Hz. The synthesizer has a frequency resolution step smaller than 10 Hz. The chip consumes 52 mW at 3.3 V and occupies 3.7 mm/spl times/2.9 mm.